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Surat Municipal Corporation

Category of Initiative : “Technical Innovation”

Title of the Initiative : “Leakage Mapping and its’ Positive Impact”

Presentation by : Jatin Shah, City Engineer, SMC

Location: Surat City

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Surat City

GujaratI N D I A

Surat City

• 2nd largest city in Gujarat

• 9th largest in India

• Among the fastest growing cities in India.

• 42 % of the world’s total rough diamond

cutting and polishing,

• 70 % of the nation’s total rough diamond

cutting and polishing,

• 40 % of the nation’s total diamond

exports,

• 40 % of the nation’s total man made

fabric production,

• 28 % of the nation’s total man made

fibre production

• 18 % of the nation’s total man made

fibre export, and

• 12 % of the nation’s total fabric

production.

• Large number of textile process houses.

• Over 550 units granted Consent

GREATER SURAT IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

NAVSARI

Growth of City

• Historical Development Of Surat Dates Back To 300 BC.

• Municipality Established In 1852 AD.

• Municipal Corporation Formed In 1966.

Year Area in Sq. Km

Population(in Million)

1951 8.18 0.223

1961 8.18 0.288

1971 33.85 0.472

1981 55.56 0.776

1991 111.16 1.499

2001 112.27 2.434

2001* 326.51 2.877

2010 326.51 ~ 4.400

Surat: Infrastructure Overview

Service Present Status

Water treatment capacity 1178 MLD

Water storage capacity 638 Million Liters

T&D network 2750 km

STP capacity 708.5 MLD

Collection network 1300.0 km

Storm drainage 577 km

Solid waste Collection 1150 MT/day

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Water Supply System of Surat City –

Present Status At a Glance

Population covered under piped network:- 86 % of projected pop. 44 Lacs

Area covered under piped network:-

(Area of city increased in year 2006 from 112.28 Sq.Km. to 326.51 Sq.km)

For area of city before extension : 98 %

For area of city after extension: 57 %

Source of Water: River Tapi

Total numbers of Water Works:- 4

Total numbers of Water Distribution Stations: 17

Total Installed capacity of all WTP:- 1178 MLD

Present gross daily average water supply: 780 MLD

Frequency of water supply: Average 3 hours daily

Total Storage capacity of all UGSR & ESR:- 638 ML

Total Approx. length of all water supply pipelines:- 2750 Km.

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Leakage through pipelines – Reasons

Leakages may occur in water supply pipelines due to various reasons as shown in the diagram below.

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Leakage through pipelines – A Nuisance

A small leak in the middle of a road can cause tremendous

trouble to the citizens.

It disrupts traffic on roads.

Less quantity of water to consumers than planned.

Loss of treated water amounts to a considerable financial

loss and therefore affecting sustainability of the system.

A leak of only one litre per minute corresponds to 525,600

litres per year.

Leaks increase operating costs

A potential source for contamination of treated safe water

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Leakage Mapping – Objectives

Leakage mapping is necessary because normally;

leakages repaired on a piece-meal basis.

leakage repaired without attention to the root cause of the

problem.

Frequent leakages in a particular portion of pipeline

requires special attention and suitable action to solve it in a sustainable manner.

Preparing a map showing frequent leakage prone locations.

Addressing the problem in scientific approach;

gives sustainable results

reduces complaints of leakage & contamination of water.

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Leakage Mapping – Need of the hour

The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India has

chosen the city of Surat among pilot cities for implementing

Service Level Benchmarking for four urban basic services and it

includes “Drinking water Supply”.

To achieve NRW within 20% standard limit is an important

parameter of Service Level Benchmarking (SLB), as suggested by

MoUD and adopted by SMC.

As a constant endeavour to achieve the targeted SLB, Non-

Revenue Water (NRW) cell of Surat Municipal Corporation has

started functioning.

Leakage Mapping is an important activity of NRW cell, Leakage Mapping is a “No cost, Low Cost initiative” to

bring down NRW.

Leakage Mapping – Mechanism Flow-chart

Leakage Complaint:

•Customer Complaint- Web/Helpline

•Departmental / Zonal leak detection team

Leakage Reporting:

•All Zones Report to HQ daily

•HE reports to Comm. weekly

Leakage Repairs

Water Pipeline

By Zones By Head Quarter By outsourcing (AMC)

Pipe < 550 mm dia.Pipe 550 -750 mm dia.

Pipe > 750 mm dia.

Frequent Leakage Mapping HQ-AutoCad – Monthly Review

Frequent Leakage Fault Finding & SolutionAfter Discussion with Leakage team/ Fitter

Remedial Measures Implementation

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Customer Complaints - Leakage & Contamination

Customers’ leakage complaints are generally related to

ferrule level water connection.

Customer can make a complaint by;

Internet on SMC’s website www.suratminicipal.gov.in

helpline phone numbers

visiting nearest City Civic Center / ward office / zone office.

Customer complaints regarding leakage/contamination of

tap water attended within 24 hours.

Customers are informed by email/phone when their

complaints are resolved.

Customer’s feedback is also taken to know their level of

satisfaction

Complaint Management System (web)

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Leakage Mapping – Methodology

Major leaks on roads are reported by;

HQ NRW team /zonal teams of beldars from 7 different zones.

officers, engineers on field visit,

health workers working in the field

All leakages are repaired promptly by;

Fitter team of zones for water supply pipelines up to 550 mm dia.

Fitter team of Hydraulic Department (HQ) for water supply pipelines from 600 to 750 mm size

Outsourcing the job to private agencies on Annual maintenance contract for leakage repairs on all major water supply trunk mains/ transmission pipelines of dia. greater than 750mm.

All 7 zones and Hydraulic Department (HQ) has;

a dedicated team of beldars headed by a fitter (known as fitter team)

a separate JCB machine & dewatering pumps for this job.

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Leakage Mapping – Methodology

All leakage complaints are registered by every zone in a separate register.

All zones prepare a summarized statement of all leakages including;

New leakages found,

Leakages repaired on the previous day

leakages under repairs

All zones report daily in a standard format to Hydraulic Department at Head Quarter.

Hydraulic Engineer prepares a summarized daily report of leakages for all zones.

Summarized report is reviewed by Municipal Commissioner in weekly meeting of Health & Engineering.

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Leakage Mapping – Methodology

In weekly leakage report from all zones, frequent leakage spots

are sorted out and shown on water supply network map in

computer.

These spots are then observed carefully for the probable cause

during the leakage repairing and accordingly reported by the

concerned engineer of the department.

Remedial measures for these frequent leakage spots are then

taken as per the requirements.

Due to graphical presentation of leakage mapping, frequent

leakage spots do not escape unnoticed as a routine leakage

repairing exercise.

Regularly updated Leakage mapping acts like a History card for

water supply network at any point of time.

Case Study : Scientific Solution of A Leakage Spot

Case Study : Scientific Solution of A Leakage Spot

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Water Supply Leakage Mapping –

Initiative started with Central Zone

Central zone of the city was found more leakage prone,

compared to others due to age old pipeline.

A study of leakage complaints received in past several

years gave an idea of preparing a map showing

frequent leakage prone locations.

In last 5 years, about 25000 meters of pipeline length

of 100 to 200 mm dia. was replaced in central zone.

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LEAKAGE MAPPING – CENTRAL ZONE

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Results of Action Taken

– Reduced Leakage Complaints

Positive impact of reduced number of leakages to the extent of 32% forcentral zone of Surat has been depicted well in the chart above.

IMPACT OF LEAKAGE MAPPING - CENTRAL ZONE

1274 1258

1018

827 819857

307

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

YEAR

NO

S.

OF

CO

MP

LA

INT

S

Leakage

Positive Impact of Leakage mapping

Till August

2011

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Leakage Mapping: Initiative in Rander Gamtal

Water supply pipelines in Rander Gamtal area are

very old - like in case of Central zone of the city.

During the span of 3 years before initiative, 274

complaints of leakages & 38 complaints for

contamination of water were attended in Rander

Gamtal area.

Leakage Mapping was carried out for Rander Gamtal

area and specific spots were identified.

As per Leakage Mapping, few pipelines in that area

are replaced stage-wise in year 2010-11.

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Leakage Mapping - For Rander Gamtal area

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Leakage Mapping – Rander Gamtal

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Leakage Mapping - Details

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Initiative : Entire Surat City

After successful implementation in central zone &Rander Gamtal (village area), the same initiativewas continued in other zones of the city too.

After mapping leakages in all zones of Surat, corrective action of changing the required pipelines, faulty valves etc. has been started.

Positive impact of reduced number of leakages to the extent of almost 30% per year for all zones of Surat.

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Results of Action Taken

– Reduced Leakages – All Zones

IMPACT OF LEAKAGE MAPPING - ALL ZONES

9644 9903

710766336733

8392

2888

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

YEAR

NO

S. O

F C

OM

PL

AIN

TS

Leakage

Positive Impact of Leakage mapping

Till August

2011

Reduced Nos. of Leakages per

Km of Pipe length

2.58

3.61

2.75 2.60

4.404.59

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Year

Rati

o (

Leakag

es/P

ipe len

gth

)

Positive Impact of Leakage mapping

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Frequent Leakage & Contamination spots attended

Sr. No. Area

Nos. of frequent

leakage spots

attended

Nos. of frequent

contamination

spots attended

1 Central Zone 22 13

2 Rander Gamtal 68 44

3 West Zone (except Rander gamtal) 7 0

4 North Zone 23 19

5 South Zone 33 11

6 East Zone 11 12

7 South-West Zone 17 4

8 South-East Zone 4 7

TOTAL 185 110

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Quantifiable Benefits

All the benefits of leakage mapping can not be measured /

quantified due to being very dynamic in nature.

Hypothetical calculation of benefits due to leakage

mapping;

Problem of 185 frequent leakage spots & 110

contamination spots solved.

Prevented probable wastage of 708 ML potable water,

which saved almost Rs.21.24 Lacs

Road reinstatement after leakage repairs would have cost

almost Rs.191.16 Lacs

So, total Rs.212.40 Lacs saved through Leakage Mapping

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Benefits

Saving of precious potable water & energy cost due

to less leakage problem.

Frequent digging of roads and concurrent chances of

damage to other services avoided – saving in cost.

Less chances of outbreak of water borne diseases.

Problem of water pressure can be solved partly.

Other socio-economical benefits can not be measured

in monetary terms.

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Conclusion

“Leakage Mapping” History card for the water supply network.

A very simple yet effective method,

Very high potential for replication. “No cost, Low Cost initiative to bring down

NRW”.

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“Let’s save water for our city, country and the world”