• Support and Support and protectionprotection

• Body movement- Body movement- muscle attachmentmuscle attachment

• Blood cell formation- Blood cell formation- hematopoiesishematopoiesis

• Storage of fat- yellow Storage of fat- yellow marrowmarrow

• Storage of inorganic Storage of inorganic salts- calcium and salts- calcium and phosphorousphosphorous

Axial: along “axis”: head andtrunkAppendicular: “appendages”:arms and legs and their attachment to trunk

Table 7.2 in your book

• Protect brain• Many paired bones• Infants- not

completely fused (fontanels or soft spots)

• Sutures- immovable joints

Middle ear- 6 bones

Hyoid BoneHyoid Bone• Does not articulate with any other boneDoes not articulate with any other bone

• Often broken during strangulationOften broken during strangulation

Vertebral Column- 26 bones• Strong, flexible,

rotates

• Protects spinal cord, supports head

• Intervertebral discs between

• Born with 33- fuse to 26– 7 cervical (neck)-

smaller, bifed clef• C1- atlas, C2- axis

– 12 thoracic (chest)- stronger, long spine

– 5 lumbar (lower back)- strongest, short spine

– Sacrum (5 fused mid 20s)

– Coccyx (4 fused by 30)- tail bone

• 4 normal curves

– Fetus only one

– Cervical (3 months) and lumbar (6 months)- convex (bulge out)

– Thoracic and sacral- concave (cave in)

Thoracic Cage- 25 bones• 12 pairs of ribs (1-7

increase, 8-12 decrease)– Attached by costal

cartilage– True ribs (1-7)-

direct attachment– False ribs (8-12)-

no anterior attachment

– Floating ribs (11-12)- no anterior attachment

Pectoral Girdle- 4 bones• Clavicle- collar

bones- s-shaped- weak juncture

• Scapula- shoulder bones

Upper Limbs- 60 bones1. Clavicle 1a. Sternal end1b. Acromial end2. scapula2a. Coracoid

process2b. Acromion2c. Subscapular

fossa2d. Infraspinous

fossa2e. Spine of scapula2f. Supraspious

fossa2g. Glenoid cavity3. Acromioclavicular4. Glenohumeral

joint5. Humerus5b. Deltoid

tuberosity5c. Head5d. Surgical neck5e. Anatomical neck5f. Greater tubercle5g. Lateral

epicondyle5h. Medial

epicondyle5i. Capitulum5j. Trochlea5k. Coronoid fossa6. Ulna6a. Olecranon7. Radius

1. Phalanges 1a. Distal1b. Medial1c. Proximal1d. Base1e. Head2 Interphalangeal joints3 Sesamoid bone4 Metacarpophalangeal joints5 Intermetacarpal joints6. Metacarpals6a. Base6b. shaft6c. Head

7. Carpometacarpal joint 8. Trapezium9. Trapezoid10. Capitate11. Hamate12. Pisiform13. Triquetrum14. Lunate15. Scaphoid16. Midcarpal join

Pelvic Girdle- 2 bonesPelvic Girdle- 2 bones

• United at pubic United at pubic symphysissymphysis

• Three parts Three parts fuse at birth- fuse at birth- ilium, pubis, ilium, pubis, ischiumischium

Lower Limbs- 60 bones1. Hip joint 2.Femur2a. Head2b. Neck2c. Greater trochanter2d Lesse trochanter2e. Lateral epicondyle2f. Medial epicondyle2g. Adductor tubercle2h. Medial condyle2i. Lateral condyle2j. Intercondylar fossa2k. Linea aspera3. Patella

4. Knee joint 5. Tibia5a. Lateral condyle5b. Medial condyle5c. Tibial tuberosity5d. Medial malleolus6. Fibula6a. Head6b. Crest6c. Lateral malleolus7. Ankle joint8 Talus9. Calconeus

Male vs. Female

• Males bones larger and heavier

• Angle of pubic symphysis less for men