supplementary information - naturesupplementary information to ‘atmospheric phosphorus deposition...
TRANSCRIPT
Supplementary Information
to ‘Atmospheric phosphorus deposition may cause lakes to revert from phosphorus limitation back to nitrogen limitation’, by L. Camarero and J. Catalan
1980 1990 2000 2010
DIN
deposition
(kg ha
-1 yr -1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
18
atm
osph
eric
N
em
issi
ons
(G
g y
r-1)
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200depositionemission
Supplementary Figure S1. Emissions of N during the last three decades. Officially declared emissions of total nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx) + ammonia (NH3)) to the atmosphere in Spain (unfilled circles) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) deposition in the central Pyrenees (Conangles catchment; filled circles). There has been a clear increasing trend in emissions since 1980. This trend is in agreement with the general increasing trend in deposition during the years for which deposition measurements are available. The exceptions are the two last years of the series, in which the declared emissions have fallen back to the levels of the late 1980’s without this being reflected in the measured deposition. Note the break in the DIN deposition axis. Emission data were obtained from the Centre for Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) under the UNECE’s Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (http://www.ceip.at/webdab-emission-database/)
Supplementary Figure S2. Ice-free and stratification periods. Example of estimation of dates for ice-off, ice-on, and start and end of stratification in Lake Redon from the thermistor chain data. Each line in the graph is the temperature recorded at the depth indicated by the color code in the legend. The recording frequency was every 45 min.
1
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ice-off 1
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ice-on
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stratification end
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stratification start
Water Water temperature (ºC)
temperature (ºC)
Water temperature (ºC)
year
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
ther
mal
st
ratif
icat
ion
days
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180
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180
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
ice-
free
day
s
160
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200A
B
Supplementary Figure S3. Yearly variation in the ice-free and stratification periods. Time series showing the duration (in days) of the ice-free period (A) and the thermal stratification (B) in Lake Redon. The dashed lines are the Kendall’s trend fit; neither trend is significant.
France
Spain
Andorra
A B
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1800
17 0
0
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16 00
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Redon
#YCRAM
CSupplementary Figure S4. Study sites. Maps showing the situation of the central Pyrenean lake district (A, B), and a closer view of the Conangles catchment (C), where Lake Redon is located. The bold line in (C) is the boundary of the catchment drained by the Conangles creek at the sampling point in the vicinity of the Centre for High Mountain Research (CRAM, red circle). One of the stations for precipitation collection was also at CRAM. The second one and the automatic weather station were close to the outlet from lake Redon. The Lake Redon subcatchment is delimited by a thin line. The coordinate system in (B) and (C) is UTM31.
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Supplementary Figure S5 Location of the lakes sampled in the four synoptic surveys in the central Pyrenees. The spatial coverage was wider in 2000 and 2011 than in the previous surveys, but the comparison was limited to the same area in order to rule out any bias caused by a spatial difference in DIN concentration in the lakes.