suitable coding

7/27/2019 Suitable Coding

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A questionnaire has been designed and

used for collecting data

Opinions were sought on a five point

scale (multiple choice-tick one only)

Coding of responsesis as follows.

Extremely interested 5

Interested 4

Indifferent 3

Not interested 2

Not at all interested 1

Collection

of data

with

suitable

coding


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Age (initially no coding )

actual years

Gender Male M

Female F

Marital Status

Married M

Single S

Monthly income

Less than Rs.1000 1 Rs.1000 to Rs.2999 2

Rs.3000 to Rs.4999 3

Rs.5000 & above 4

Coding for

personal

factors


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Education

Below Higher Secondary 1

Higher Secondary 2

Graduation 3

Post-graduation 4 Present Arrangement

Private doctor-own expenses 1

Government/Corporate Hospitals 2

Partial reimbursement 3

Full reimbursement 4

Coding

forpersonal

factors


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Analysis is based on the questions for

which the data is expected to provide

answers

Analyzethe Data!

Some questions

Identify how many are interested in the

new scheme and how many are either

indifferent or not interested Cross tabulate them along Gender, Age,

Education, marital status etc

Is there any relationship between the

income level and the type of response?

Identify the factors influencing the

adoption to new scheme?

What else the data speaks!


5/40

Data Entry

-The First Step

Analysis with Software

The Second Step


6/40

The data collected from the field contains

filled-in questionnaires or sheets

Each sheet must have a serial number

The sheets should be converted into a data

filefor use in computer

We can probably dividethe work and makemore than one file and assign the work to

Data Entry Operators

The Data Entry Designshould be well

planned and be common for all operators

These data files can bepooled upif

necessary to make aproject-data-file

The

physicalstructure

of data


7/40

TAKING

DATA FROM

BOOK TO

COMPUTER

Data should be arranged as separate records one for each

individual (entity)

The data should be numeric for carrying out any analysis

Names and other labels will not go in for analysis but can be

used for reporting

Suitable coding should be defined before entering data in the

computer


8/40

There are many packages for data entry

like..

FoxPro Lotus

MS-Excel

MS-Access

Oracle On-line formats

Software

for data

entry and

data

analysis Packages for Statistical Analysis

SPSS SAS

MINITAB

SYSTAT


9/40

A VISIT TO EXCEL


10/40

MAKING ADATA FILE

Open Excel

On the title bar of the Excel windowthe file name appears as MicrosoftExcel Book1

It usually contains three sheetsnamed Sheet1,Sheet2 and Sheet3

In Sheet1 start entering the datafrom cell A1

Reserve the f i rst rowfor columnheadings like Sno, Age, Gender etc

Key in the data row wise or columnwise (press ENTER key after eachentry)

Save the file with a suitable name in

a Folder meant for this project


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A SAMPLEDATA SHEET

File Name: Food Folder: D:\Statman


12/40

NOT THE

CORREC

T STYLE

OF DATA

ENTRY


13/40

THE RIGHTWAY!


14/40

DATA SHEET OF HEALTH INSURANCE


15/40

ANALYTIC

AL

FEATURE

S

IN EXCEL

Finding sums

Data sorting and Filtering

Making one dimension tables

Cross tabulations

Creating different types of graphs

Making abstracts from worksheets

Changing the styles of presenting data

Linking Excel report to a document


16/40

SOME

TIPS

INDATA

HANDLIN

G

Selecting a part of data

Sorting

Filtering

Column width

Cut, Copy & Paste

Auto Fill

Paste Special

Freeze PanesExporting Excel data to Word


17/40

D T

N LYSISP K

A free package of simple statistical tools is available in Excel

It is called Data Analysis Pak

It provides for analyses like

Summary statistics

Comparison of groups

Correlations

Regression analysis

Statistical tests of hypothesis

..and many more


18/40

Data

Prepared

In

Word

Table

S NO NAME GENDER CAS TE ENGLIS H MATHS S CIENCE

1 RAJA. M B SC 60 27 45

2 ANITHA. R G SC 55 44 36

3 NEELIMA. K G ST 46 54 65

4 SIVARAJAN. A B OC 35 47 28

5 MUTHU. B G OC 20 46 35

6 GOPAL.R B OC 54 50 45

7 BEENA. A G BC 63 46 64

8 ACHUTAN. S B BC 54 52 65

9 PRADEEP.M B BC 35 40 54

10 PERUMAL. S B OC 25 36 45

11 VARADAN. D B OC 28 40 38

12 DIVYA. T G BC 64 56 37

13 VASUMATHI. D G BC 37 45 54

14 ANDAL. B B SC 63 44 36

15 JAYA. L G ST 56 52 63

16 RAMAN. N B BC 45 48 54

17 MUREGESH. M B ST 50 46 68

18 GANESH. L B ST 35 38 65

19 SASIKALA. R G BC 52 50 54

20 VALLI. M G SC 41 55 58

It is enough to copy the Word Table and

Paste in Excel!


19/40

We have

got it

in Excel!


20/40

Can we

make

a table of

counts(frequencies)

from this

data?

Soft

Skill

WHY NOT ?

USE

PIVOT TABLESOPTION


21/40

Make

Frequency

Tables!

You can make one-way and two-way frequency tables fromExcel sheet

Use Data menu and select the Pivot Table and Chartsub

menu

Follow the Wizard steps

You will get the required tables

Skill

F di t ib ti f t d t


22/40

Frequency distribution of students

by caste (one-way table)

Count of SNO

CASTE Total

BC 7OC 5

SC 4

ST 4Grand Total 20

F di t ib ti f t d t


23/40

Frequency distribution of students

by Caste and Gender (two-way table)

Count of SNO GENDER

CASTE B G Grand Total

BC 3 4 7

OC 4 1 5SC 2 2 4

ST 2 2 4

Grand Total 11 9 20

Can we do this with hand calculations if

there are thousands of cases?

Not impossible but difficult to do!


24/40

Can wemake a

Frequency

table withgiven class

intervals?

Soft

Skill

USE

STATISTICAL

FUNCTIONS

CERTAINLY !


25/40

Built-in

Functions

In Excel

ENGINEERING FUNCTIONS


26/40

Built-in

Functions

In Excel

STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS


27/40

AQUIRE

SKILL

BY

DOING

DEMO FOLLOWS..


28/40

Making a Frequency TableBody length (cm) of 120 fish

16.7 12.6 15.1 13.4 16.7 17.7 14.6 18.0 15.8 14.8

16.9 13.7 16.0 14.4 15.3 16.4 12.8 11.5 13.4 16.0

14.3 18.3 18.3 16.6 13.2 17.5 16.9 15.2 14.0 17.7

13.8 13.2 13.7 18.4 17.1 13.9 20.5 13.2 14.9 17.4

16.9 15.0 17.2 14.5 13.6 16.6 13.0 17.9 18.8 17.915.3 18.9 14.8 16.0 18.5 13.3 19.2 16.2 14.4 17.8

15.6 18.0 15.8 15.7 20.6 13.5 16.3 15.1 14.3 10.7

15.6 15.4 12.6 15.4 17.2 15.1 14.1 13.1 15.4 13.5

12.7 14.1 12.2 16.6 17.0 15.6 14.7 18.7 18.3 13.2

19.5 14.3 16.2 15.9 16.8 15.3 17.3 13.1 12.3 17.0

16.9 12.4 15.4 17.6 16.2 14.4 18.8 13.5 14.2 14.8

12.9 13.5 15.1 14.2 15.3 14.8 15.2 14.4 16.1 18.2

Prepare a frequency table using Excel


29/40

We use

the PastefunctionFREQUENCY

min 10.7

max 20.6

range 9.9

interval 2lower limit upper limit upper bound (BIN) freq

10 12.0 11.9 2

12 14.0 13.9 26

14 16.0 15.9 43

16 18.0 17.9 3118 20.0 19.9 16

20 22.0 21.9 2

Class freq

10 - 12 2

12 - 14 2614 -16 43

16 - 18 31

18 - 20 16

20 - 22 2

120

Learn

more by

Do it yourself


30/40

You can

also

construct

a

Bar Chart

Class freq

10 - 12 2

12 - 14 26

14 -16 43

16 - 18 3118 - 20 16

20 - 22 2

TOTAL 120


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ADVANCED FEATURES


32/40

Data

Analysis

Pak


33/40

Data

Analysis

Pak


34/40

Thet-test

Sugali Yanadi

20.43 17.7

22.51 21.4

18.99 20.7

20.49 19.3

23.12 21

25.63 17.9

18.08 18.6

20.63 18.5

22.55 18.2

22.43 20.3

22.77

23.23

Body Mass Index of

Tribal Groups

Is the Average BMI

Same for the two

groups ?


35/40

t-testoutput

Sugali YanadiMean 21.73833 19.36

Variance 4.319215 1.898222

Observations 12 10

Pooled Variance 3.229768Hypothesized Mean Difference 0

df 20

t Stat 3.090767

P(T


36/40

p-p Plot


37/40

WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS

Control chartsForecasting

Curve fitting

Solver for optimization

College Admissions

Evaluation of test scores & ranking

and many more!


38/40

The best way of learning

Excel is to work with Excel


39/40

Statistics Made Simple -

Do it yourself on PC

By

K.V.S.Sarma

Prentice Hall India


40/40

Thank you

suitable coding

Documents