substance abuse prevention in higher education karol l. kumpfer, ph.d. director, center for...

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S u b sta n ce A b u se a n d M en ta l H e alth S e rv ice s A dm in istratio n CenterforSubstance A buse Prevention Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on Alcohol, Other Drug, and Violence Prevention in Higher Education Washington, DC October 15, 1998

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Page 1: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education

Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D.

Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention

12th Annual National Meeting on Alcohol, Other Drug, and Violence Prevention in Higher

Education

Washington, DCOctober 15, 1998

Page 2: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

CSAP Discretionary Grant Funds and Illicit Drug Use

050

100150200250300350400

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Fiscal Year

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-Day

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se b

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th (

12-1

7 Y

ears

)

Illicit Drug Use CSAP Funding

2

Page 3: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Prevention Funding Is A Sound Investment

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

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30.0

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40.0

45.0

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996Fiscal Year

% 1

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Pre

vention A

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ion

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nd

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f T

ho

us

an

ds

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$)

12th Graders Using Drugs Prevention AppropriationBudget: Drug Free Schools Program and Center for Substance Abuse PreventionSources: Monitoring the Future Study, 1995, NCADI

Page 4: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Source: 1997 National Household Survey (DHHS)

Increases In Substance Abuse in Adolescents

(30-Day Use of Illicit Drugs) 27% Increase in Illicit Drug Use in 12 to 17 Year Olds 73% Increase in Illicit Drug Use in 12 to 13 Year Olds 32% Increase in Marijuana Use in 12 to 17 Year Olds 33% Increase in Cigarette Use in 12 to 13 Year Olds Highest Rates in New Cocaine Users in Youth Highest Incidence Rate in Heroin Use in Youth

Page 5: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Perceived Risk and Past Month Use of Marijuana Among Youth

Age 12-17: 1985-1997

05

101520253035404550

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

Per

cen

t o

f Y

ou

ths

PerceivedGreat Risk inUsingMarijuanaOnce a Month

UsedMarijuanaOnce a Month

Source: 1997 National Household Survey (DHHS)

Page 6: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Need for Prevention of Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Abuse

in Colleges and Universities Drug Abuse Has Been Going Up in America’s Youth

for Past Seven Years National Household Survey Data for 1996-1997

Shows Very Large Increases Increased Drug and Alcohol Use in College-Age

Youth Binge Drinking Deaths on College Campuses Increased Crime and Violence, Date Rapes, and

Deaths

Page 7: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

30-Day Prevalence: Alcohol and Other Drugs

College Students Using Drugs At Least Once Within 30 Days:

Alcohol 69.7% Tobacco 34.2% Marijuana 18.6% Other Drugs 3.1%

Source: 1996 Core Alcohol and Drug Survey

Page 8: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Consequences of Alcohol or Other Drug Use

College Students Experiencing Potential Consequences of Drug Use: Hangover 59.8% Nauseated or Vomited 49.0% Did Something Later Regretted 35.8% Drove Car While Under the Influence33.6% Missed a Class 30.1% Argument or Fight 29.4% Criticized by Someone Knew 28.2% Memory Loss 28.1%

Source: 1996 Core Alcohol and Drug Survey

Page 9: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Beliefs Regarding the Social and Sexual Effects of Alcohol College Students Believing Alcohol Affects

Social and Sexual Behavior: Breaks the Ice 68% Enhances Social Activity 66% Gives People Something to Do 62% Allows People to Have More Fun 53% Facilitates Male Bonding 50% Facilitates Sexual Opportunities 47%

Source: 1996 Core Alcohol and Drug Survey

Page 10: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Types of Violence Experienced by College Students and Relationship

of Substance Use and Violence% of College Students Experiencing Violent Acts

Source: 1996 Core Alcohol and Drug Survey

In General Under Influence of Alcohol or Other Drugs

Threats of Physical Violence

Ethnic Harassment

Actual Physical Violence

Forced Sexual Touching

Unwanted Sexual Intercourse

10% 51%

7% 13%

5% 64%

5% 71%

4% 79%

Page 11: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Need Effective Prevention Approaches for Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Colleges and

Universities Department of Education and FIPSE Were Pioneers in

Prevention of Substance Abuse in College-Aged Youth. Department of Education Began Most of the Substance

Abuse Prevention and Education Centers in Colleges and Universities With Seed Grant Funds to Hundreds of Institutions of Higher Learning.

Department of Education Still Has a Small Grantee Program in FY99.

Page 12: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

The Great Disconnect

ResearchResearch PracticePractice

Page 13: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Building the Bridge

ResearchResearch PracticePractice

Page 14: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

ResearchResearch PracticePractice

CSAP’s Vision for the Future

Page 15: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

IIMethods Develop-

ment

IHypothesis Develop-

ment

IIIControlled

Intervention Trials

IVDefined

Population Studies (KDs)

VDemonstra-

tion and Imple-

mentation (KAs)

NIH: NIDA/NIAAA/NIMH CSAP/DoEd/OJJDP/CDC STATES

Research on Applications Applied Research Applications of Research

Sources: Jansen, Glynn & Howard, 1996; Greenwald and Cullen, 1995

Continuum of Substance Abuse Prevention Research

15

Basic Biomedical Research

Nationwide Prevention and Health Services Program (Block Grants)

Page 16: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

611 9

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466

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7

26

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535

11

10

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Location of the 251 Partnerships

SAMHSA-CSAPCommunity Partnership Program

Page 17: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

1994-95 1996 Total

AdultsTenth gradersEighth graders

Total:

Annual Site Visits to 24 PartnershipsAnnual Site Visit Reports (N=24)Composite Reports (N=24)

14,807 12,092 26,899 12,842 13,042 25,884 14,151 16,539 30,690 41,800 41,673 83,473

A Rigorous National Evaluation

Age Groups Surveyed in the 24 Partnerships and 24 Comparison Communities

Page 18: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

LESS LIKELIHOOD OFILLICIT DRUG USE

IN THE PAST MONTH

INVOLVEMENT IN DRUG PREVENTION ACTIVITIES

12

Vote for Issue B

639

12

Red Ribbon

Days

•SAMHSA-CSAP

COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP

NEIGHBORHOOD PERCEIVED SAFE FROM DRUGS

DISAPPROVAL OF DRUGS

Adults are Less Likely to Use Illicit Drugs When:

Living in partnership communities, Participating in drug prevention activities, Living in neighborhoods safe from drugs, and Disapproving of drug use.

Page 19: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Strong Core of Partners

Inclusive and Broad-based Membership

Reasonable Staff TurnoverAvoidance or Resolution

of Severe Conflict

High Number of Prevention Contact Hours

Decentralized UnitsShared Vision

Comprehensive Vision

Outcome Evaluation Results:Characteristics of Successful

Partnerships

Page 20: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Ad

just

ed P

reva

len

ce R

ates

(%

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Comparison CommunitiesPartnership Communities

Adults 10th Graders 8th Graders

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*one-tailed

30 Day Illicit Drug UseMALES

Page 21: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Ad

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Comparison CommunitiesPartnership Communities

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30 Day Alcohol UseMALES

Page 22: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Ad

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Comparison CommunitiesPartnership Communities

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30 Day Illicit Drug UseFEMALES

Page 23: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Ad

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ates

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) Adults 10th Graders 8th Graders

Comparison CommunitiesPartnership Communities

0t1 t2

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26

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30 Day Alcohol UseFEMALES

Page 24: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Best Practices in Higher Education Prevention

Broaden Approach to Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Beyond Traditional Programs Awareness Education Peer Education Curriculum Infusion

Page 25: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Effective Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Programs

Members: Presidents Deans Other College

Administrators Faculty Student Leaders AOD Prevention

Coordinators

Campuswide Task Force

Health Care Counseling Staff Police and Campus Security

Officials Athletics Staff Greek Officers Alumni Parents Representatives from the

CommunitySource: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1998.

Page 26: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Effective Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Programs (continued)Campuswide Task Force Strategies

Environmental Strategies

•Admissions Procedures•Faculty Advisor Duties•Academic Requirements•Service Learning Programs•Class Scheduling•Residential Life Options•Extracurricular/ Recreational Options•Alcohol Availability•Responsible Beverage Service•Alcohol Industry Advertising/Sponsorship

•Student and Employee Assistance Programs•Counseling and Support Groups

•Targeted Policing Strategies•Disciplinary Procedures and Sanctions•Campus Judicial System

Educational Strategies

Early Intervention Strategies

Enforcement Strategies

•Awareness & Information Training•Curriculum Development and Infusion•Peer Education•Student Leadership Training

Source: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1998.

Page 27: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Campus and Community CoalitionMembers:

Effective Alcohol and Other Drug

Prevention Programs (continued)

College Officials and Community Representatives Such As Elected Officials and Other Government Officials

Alcohol and Other Leaders Parents Students Community Development

Officials Alcohol and Other Drug

Treatment Providers

Restaurant and Bar Owners Alcohol Beverage Control

Officials Law Enforcement Officials Deans Other College Administrators Faculty Student Leaders AOD Prevention Coordinators

Source: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1998.

Page 28: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Effective Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Programs (continued)

Campus and Community Coalition Strategies

Environmental Strategies

•Community Business Development•Zoning Ordinances•Permit and Licensing Restrictions•Advertising Restrictions•Responsible Beverage Service

•Counseling and Support Groups

•“Sting” Operations•Sobriety Checkpoints•“Killer Bar” Patrols•ID Checks•Criminal Prosecution

Educational Strategies

Early Intervention Strategies

Enforcement Strategies

•Awareness & Information Campaigns•Media Advocacy•Social Marketing•Leadership Training

Source: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1998.

Page 29: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Drug Abuse Prevention ProgramsAdolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids: The ATLAS Program (Goldberg, 1996)

Intervention: Male High School Athletes Reduce Risk Factors for Use of Anabolic Steroids and Other Drugs Healthy Sports Nutrition and Strength-training Alternatives

Outcomes: Increase Understanding of Effects of Anabolic Steroids and Other Drugs Increase Perception of Risk with Drug Use Increase Positive Drug Use Norms Increase Drug Refusal Skills Increase Confidence in Personal Ability to Build Muscle and Strength Without Steroids Increase Self-esteem Decrease Desire to Use Anabolic Steroids

Page 30: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Drug Abuse Prevention Programs (continued)

Oregon State University and Midwestern University Drug Education and Prevention Program (DEPP) (Tricker et al., 1996)

Intervention: Life Skills Program for College Athletes

Outcomes: Increased Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Drugs and Perceptions of Effectiveness of Drug Education for College Athletes

Page 31: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Drug Abuse Prevention Programs (continued)

New Jersey Collegiate Substance Abuse Program (Bennett et al., 1996)

Intervention: Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for College Students (Residential, Partial-residential, and Intensive Outpatient Care) and Peer Network

Outcomes: 74.5 Percent of Participants Who Completed Program Were Abstinent at the 6-Month Assessment

Page 32: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Practices for Higher Education Alcohol and

Other Drug Problems

California State Polytechnic University Social Marketing Approach Increased Campus

Norms to Healthy Behaviors Regarding Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Page 33: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Practices for Higher Education Alcohol and Other Drug Problems (continued)University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

Mandatory Counseling for College Athletes and Members of Fraternities and Sororities

Prohibition of Kegs in Dormitories Banned Open Containers of Alcoholic Beverages on

Campus Property Banned Alcohol Advertising at Sporting Events Policing of Public Drinking Before Football Games for

Ticket-holders (Including Alumni) Source: Naughton, 1996

Page 34: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Practices for Higher Education Alcohol and Other Drug Problems (continued)Brown University Task Force

Party Organizers Verify Identification, Hold ID of Non-Brown Partygoers

Five Students from Sponsoring Organization Must Remain Sober

Bar Closes 10 Minutes Every Hour Close Overcrowded Parties

Campus Parties May Not Be Advertised Off CampusSource: Berne, 1997

Page 35: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Promising Practices for Higher Education Alcohol and Other Drug Problems (continued)

University of Vermont Create a New Normative Environment by Focusing on

Student Volunteerism and Environmental Activism Including Informing Prospective Students, Parents and Alumni

Address Harmful Effects of Binge Drinking

Page 36: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Evaluation Issues of Measurement

1.Staffing: Get University Researchers Involved

2.Selection of Measures Core Alcohol and Drug Survey

3.Data Collection Issues Mail Out (Low Return Rate 20-40%) Classroom (High 90-99% Return Rate) Telephone Interviews Face to Face Interviews Combination

36

Page 37: Substance Abuse Prevention in Higher Education Karol L. Kumpfer, Ph.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention 12th Annual National Meeting on

S u b s t a n c e A b u s e a n d M e n ta l H e a l t h S e r v i c e s A d m in i s t r a t i o nCenter for Substance Abuse Prevention

Evaluation Issues of Measurement (continued)

4.Design Issues: Control or Comparison Groups Internal Statistical Designs

5.Data Analysis Suggestions Needs Assessments Internal Modeling Approaches

6.Publish Data on Outcomes and Process of Implementation

7.Calculate Cost-Benefit Data

8.Change Policies