subsea systems

SUBSEA SYSTEMS

(사 )한국선급해사연구팀강재성

2011-05-03 Korean Register 2

What’s Subsea Engineering? Subsea engineering focuses on the deepwater i

ssues of oil and gas exploitation. The Subsea Engineering option addresses both

the hardware used subsea, such as wellheads and separators, as well as important issues such as field layout, flow assurance and installation/maintenance.


SUBSEA SYSTEMS CONTENTS

1. Overview of subsea hardware components2. Tree, Template, Mainfold3. Typical subsea layout and connection between differ

ent components4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition5. Heave compensation


1. Overview of subsea hardware components Subsea Part: X-mas trees, Templates, Mainfolds, Spools, Protection structur

e, Suction piles and Foundations The other: Risers, Flowlines and Umbilicals


1. Overview of subsea hardware components Installation process

Lift from the barge

Near seabed location

Landing

Passage throughWater column

Passage throughSplash zone

In air Lift


1. Overview of subsea hardware components Subsea hardware component layout


2. Tree, Template, Mainfold Tree

1. Pressure containing method

2. Control, monitor and condition either produce or injected media

3. Shut the well, re-enter the well

4. Monitor down hole, inject chemical


2. Tree, Template, Mainfold Tree configuration

1. Production master valve(M1)2. Production lateral valve(W1)3. Annulus master valve(M2)4. Annulus lateral valve(W2)5. Crossover valve(XO)6. Production intervention valve(S1)7. Annulus intervention valve(S2)8. Pressure regulation choke9. MEG(Mono Ethylene Glycol)normal op

eration valve(MV1)10. MEG valve to shut-down(MV2)11. Down hole safety valve(DHSV)


2. Tree, Template, Mainfold Tree connection configurations

1. Single satellite well Pros: Cheap, wide area, Flexible access Cons: Absence of common datum, Individual flowlines, Drilli

ng should move to new well



2. Two or more wells daisy-chained together Pros: Cheep, some sharing of pipeline,

simultaneous production Cons: Absence of a common datum, drilling rig

should move to new well



3. Two or more(Clustered) wells tied back to a manifold Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects



4. Template Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and

umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects


2. Tree, Template, Mainfold Template

Seabed-founded structure that consist of a structural frame work and a foundation, arranged so as to provide support for various subsea equipment.


2. Tree, Template, Mainfold Mainfold

A system of headers and branched piping that can be used to gather of distrubute fluids, as desired.


3. Typical subsea layout and connection PLET(Pipeline – end terminal)

Isolation valve, install easier


3. Typical subsea layout and connection PLEM(Pipeline –end manifold)

Isolation valve, install easier


3. Typical subsea layout and connection Riser base

Between riser and flow line (slide on the seabed)


4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition Subsea control

Allow remote operation of valves located downhole.


4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition Umbilical(bundles of fluid conduits)

1. A hose pipe to deliver hydraulic power to operate the valve/choke actuator remotely

2. Other requirement(electric cable and variable pipe)3. Choke position-indication feedback4. Monitoring temperature and pressure5. Chemical injection


4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition Types of subsea control systems

Control panel

Tree valves

Control panel Control panel Control panel Control panel

Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves

Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves

accumulatorHydraulic line Electrical line

Direct Hydraulic Piloted Hydraulic

Sequence Hydraulic

Electro/Hydraulic

Multiplex

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5. Heave compensation Active system

1. Actively controlled winch Pros: Neither additional deck nor additional

equipment, unlimited Cons: Large power, fatigue damage



2. Tensioner system Pros: Passive system readily adaptable, lower inertia Cons: Additional space, fatigue damage on sheaves



3. Boom control Pros: Minimal damage to the cable, passive system

adaptable Cons: High inertia and high power required,

complex


5. Heave compensation Passive system

No energy input, an additional spring damper

Increase tension

Piston down

Tether length increase


Conclusion All in all, in terms of oil industry, the technologies

have been developed in many field over the past two decades. Therefore, nowadays, it is normal to extract oil and gas from deep-sea which is sometimes 2000m under sea level.

According to some commentator, it might be possible to reach to resorvior which is located 4000m under sea level


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