studying place
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October 2011TRANSCRIPT
Harvard referencing
http://www.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/studyskills/develop_learner/research_skills/referencing.html
Follow the Faculty link to introductory guide to Harvard on UWE website.
Harvard
Introducing Harvard Referencing
Principles
and or &
• ‘and’ to be used between authors.
• ‘&’ can be used where it appears as such in the published title.
ed. and eds. • Always in lower case and without brackets.
Principles
Brackets • Round brackets for:
– Date of publication
• Square brackets for: – Accessed dates – Identifying specific format such as [online]
Principles
Capitalisation • Capitalisation of the first letter of each major
word in books and journals titles.
Example of a book title:
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care: Assimilating Research, Experience and Expertise.
Principles
Capitalisation cont.• Capitalisation of the first letter of the title of a
chapter/article (as well as any proper nouns).
Example of a chapter/article title:
Television food advertising to children: a global perspective.
Principles
Multi-volumes • The volume title will appear in italics.
Multiple authors • If more than three authors, use the surname
and initials of the first author and add ‘et al.’ in the in-text citation, but list all authors in the bibliography.
Principles
Date formats• No need to give the same year twice, where
the day and month is given separately.
Example of a TV Programme:
The Thick of It (2009), Series 3, Episode 8 [TV]. BBC Two, 12 December.
Principles
Page numbers • Where a single page is being quoted or
referred to, a single ‘p.’ is used.
• Where multiple pages are being quoted or referred to, ‘pp.’ should be used.
URL ‘available from’ or ‘available at’ • Use ‘Available from’
Principles
Direct quotation• There is no need to provide a page reference
in the in-text citation unless you are including a direct quotation.
Principles
Punctuation • There will be a full stop at the end of each
reference.
• No full stop at the end of a URL.
• No full stop after the year of publication.
• No colon for the accessed date, i.e. [Accessed 11 December 2010].
Principles
• UWE Research Repository – When referencing the repository at UWE it
should be described as the ‘UWE Research Repository’, as on the website, rather than, ‘UWE Repository’.
Book
Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title. Edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher.
Pearson, A., Field, J., Ford, D. and Jordon, Z. (2007) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care: Assimilating Research, Experience and Expertise. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
More than 3 authors.
Use of ‘and’
Capitalisation of the book title
Edition noted
Electronic Book
Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title [online].Edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher. [Accessed: DD Month YYYY].
Pearson, A., Field, J., Ford, D. and Jordon, Z. (2007) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care: Assimilating Research, Experience and Expertise [online] 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing [Accessed 07 September 2011].
Add [online] after the title.
Add [Accessed] and the date at the end
Use 2 digits and full month and year for
the date format
No need to give a URL.
Journal article
Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title of the article. Journal Title. Volume no. (Part no.), page numbers.
Edge, I. and Murphy, V. (1976) New uses of technology in dentistry. British Dental Journal. 8 (3), pp. 450-600.
Use of ‘and’
Capitalisation of the Journal title
NO capitalisation of the article title
Use of ‘pp.’ for a range of pages
Electronic Journal article
Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title of the article. Journal Title [online] . Volume no. (Part no.), page numbers. [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
Edge, I. and Murphy, V. (1976) New uses of technology in dentistry. British Dental Journal [online]. 8 (3), pp. 450-600. [Accessed 21 July 2011].
Add [online] after the journal title
Add the Accessed date
No need to give a URL
Newspaper article
Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title of the article. Title of Newspaper. DD Month of publication, page number of the article (if given).
Weaver, M. (2010) The Chilean miners: who’s who at the surface. The Guardian. 14 October, p. 5.
Capitalisation of the Newspaper title
NO capitalisation of the article title, except proper
nouns
Use of ‘p.’ for a single page
Official Publications
Country. Name of Committee, Department or Royal Commission (Year of publication) Title. Place of publication: Publisher. (Paper number).
Great Britain. Department of Health (2011) Healthy lives, healthy people: update and way forward. London: The Stationery Office (Cm 8134).
Country
Committee, Department or
Commission
Number of the Paper
Web page
Author surname, Initials. / Organisation (Year of publication) Title of Internet Site. Available from: URL of the web page [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
Royal College of Nursing (2009) Learning and Education. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk /development/learning [Accessed 22 December 2010].
Organisation where an individual author
is not evident
‘Accessed’ with no colon
Available from: used
No full stop at end of URL
Television Programme
Title of Series (Year of first broadcast) Series number, Episode number, Episode title if applicable [TV]. Channel, DD Month of first broadcast.
Yes, Prime Minister (1986) Series 1, Episode 1, The Ministerial Broadcast [TV]. BBC Two, 16 January.
Year of first broadcast is more
relevant than a repeat date
No need to repeat the year
Information on the dates and
series/episode numbers can be
usually found on the internet
Interview on TV/Radio
Surname of person being interviewed, Initials. (Year of interview) Title of interview (if any). Interview with Interviewee’s name OR Interview by Interviewer’s name. Title of publication or broadcast, Channel, Date of broadcast DD Month.
Blair, T. (2007) The Tony Blair interview with Andrew Marr. Interview with Tony Blair. The Andrew Marr Show, BBC One, 05 September.
Year of broadcast given once
Use a zero to make the ‘day’ a two-digit
number
There may not be an official title for
the interview, but it should be included where there is one
Video Sharing (e.g. YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo etc)
Name of person/organisation posting the video. (Year of posting) Title of the video. Title of the internet web site [video]. DD Month of posting. Available from: URL of the web page [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
International News 24/7 (2010) France faces strikes and protests over pension reform. YouTube [video]. 07 September. Available from: http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=O_S6mldSB9k [Accessed 13 September 2010].
Year of posting given once
Use a zero to make the ‘day’ a two-digit
number
A link to the video and date of viewing
are important
Blogs
Author surname, Initials. (Year of posting) Title of the blog entry. Title of blog. DD Month of posted message. Available from: URL of the web page [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
Rogers, S. (2010) Local council spending over £500: full list of who has published what so far. Data Blog. 10 September. Available from: http://www.guardian .co.uk/news/datablog/2010/sep/10/local-council-spending-over-500-list [Accessed 13 September 2010].
Year of posting given once
Most blogs can be accessed by
anyone, so include the URL
They might be edited, so include the accessed date.
Capitalisation: first letter of the entry,
first letter of all words in the blog
name
Social Networking web site(e.g. Facebook, Twitter etc)
Author surname, Initials. (Year of posting) Title of the group/page. Title of Social Network Site [online]. DD Month of posting. Available from: URL of the web page [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
Smith, J. (2010) UWE Bristol. Facebook [online]. 13 June. Available from: http://www. facebook.com/#!/uwebristol [Accessed 22 December 2010].
Year of posting given once
Include the URL, even if the reader is
not ‘friends’ with the person/ organisation
Include the accessed date.
Image or illustration(accessed electronically)
Artist surname, Initials. (Date of creation) Title of the work [medium]. At: place where the work is housed: institution or collection that houses the work [online]. Available from: URL of the web page [Accessed DD Month YYYY].
Turner, J.M.W. (c.1925-30) Sunrise [Watercolour on paper]. At: London: Tate Britain [online]. Available from: http://www.tate.org.uk [Accessed 19 December 2010].
Note the location and Gallery where
an artwork is housed
On this example the medium [e.g.
watercolour] is noted as well as
where it was seen [online]
The date the artwork was created may not be exact. Include c. to
denote ‘circa’
Music or spoken word recordings
Composer surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title. Subsidiary Originator (e.g. performer, conductor). Place of
distribution: Distribution Company.
Bach, J.S. (1850) The Goldberg Variations. Hans Bischoff, conductor. Los Angeles: Alfred Publishing.
Note the role that the subsidiary
originator played.
Capitals for each of the main words in
the title.