Study flow diagramBB=blockers; HTN=hypertension; RCT=randomized controlled trial

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Clinical trials comparing ß-blockers with placebo or diuretics

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Blood pressure response: ß-blockers versus placebo or diuretics

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Clinical trials comparing ß-blockers with nondiuretic antihypertensive agents

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Blood pressure response: ß-blockers versus nondiuretic antihypertensive agents

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Effect of ß-blockers on the risk for new-onset DM when compared to nondiuretic antihypertensive agents (CCBs, ACE inhibitors [ACEi], and ARBs)

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Effect of different ß-blocker types on the risk for new-onset DM compared with other agents

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

Meta-regression analysis

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

RR for new-onset DM (NODM) as a function of systolic blood pressure (SBP) difference between

ß-blockers and nondiuretic antihypertensive agents

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

RR for new-onset DM as a function of baseline fasting blood glucose levels

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

RR for new-onset DM as a function of baseline BMI

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

RR for new-onset DM as a function of length of follow-up

Bangalore S. et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:1254-62

ß-blockers for primary hypertension: pathogenesis for increased risk. BP=blood pressure SM=smooth muscle