FTUI KI-KE

DTM

124.04.2012

CHILLER PLANT

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

2

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

3

CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER

RECIPROCATING CHILLER

SCREW CHILLER

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

4A typical three-stage, water-cooled centrifugal chiller

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

5

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

6

Penentuan Kinerja Electric Chiller

1. Metoda dan prosedur untuk menentukan kinerja electyric chiller mengacu pada

rekomendasi ASHRAE Guideline 22-2008 Instrumentation for Monitoring Central

Chilled-Water Plant Efficiency.

2. Effisiensi chilled water-plant tergantung pada unjuk kerja tiap komponen peralatan

yaitu chiller, chilled water pump, condenser water pump dan cooling tower.

3. Pekerjaan yang dilakukan hanya terbatas pada penentuan kinerja electric

chiller dan tidak mecakup penentuan kinerja chiller plant keseluruhan.

4. Pengukuran lapangan mencakup variabel :

a. Flow measurements : Chilled water flowrate, kg/s

b. Temperature measurements : Cooler Inlet and outlet chilled water temperature, oC

and ambient temperature TDB and TWB

c. Electrical power : power input to Compressor, kW

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

7

5. Perhitungan Kinerja :

a. kW/ton rating = Measured compressor power, kW

Net refrigeration Capacity (TR)

b. COP =

6. Peralatan ukur :

a. Portable Ultrasonic Flowmeter, 10,000 mg/ltr, 0.3 32 m/s, up to 100 oC

b. Handheld digital temperature, Thermocouple K type

c. Sling thermometer (TDB and TWB)

d. Power quality analyzer, 220 1000 Volt, 3 phase

e. Clamp on tester, 1 phase

7. Pengambilan data

a. Pengukuran temperatur dan laju alir volumetrik dimulai setelah kondisi steady

state tercapai, kurang lebih satu jam setelah chiller dioperasikan.

b. Pengambilan data dilakukan setiap satu jam mulai dari kondisi steady state sampai

chiller off pada sore hari, selama lima hari kerja.

8. Perhitungan Kinerja

Mengacu pada ASHRAE Guideline 22-2008 Instrumentation for Monitoring Central

Chilled-Water Plant Efficiency, Chapter 7. Calculations.

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

8

Optimizing the Design and Control of

Chilled Water Plants

Steve Taylor

The PG&E Pacific Energy Center

March 7, 2012

Taylor Engineering LLC

Alameda, CA

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

9

Optimizing Energy Usage

Chillers Type, efficiency, size, VSD

Cooling Towers Fan type, efficiency, approach, range, speed control, flow

turndown

Chilled Water Pumps Arrangement, flow rate (delta-T), pressure drop, VSD

Condenser Water Pumps Flow rate (delta-T), pressure drop

Air Handling Units Coil sizing, air-side pressure drop, water-side pressure drop

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

10

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

11

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

12

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

13

Optimizing CHW Plant Design

Ideal: Design a plant with lowest life cycle costs (first cost

plus lifelong operating costs) accounting for all the

complexities and interaction among plant components

Practical: Design plant subsystems to be near-life cycle cost

optimum using techniques that are simple and practical

enough to be used without a significant increase in design

time

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

14

Chilled Water Distribution Systems

Water Distribution System Classes

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

15

Constant Flow

Single Chiller, Single Coil, No Control Valve

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

16

Constant FlowTwo Chillers, Single Coil, No Control Valve

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

17

Constant FlowSingle Chiller, Multiple Coils

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

18

Variable FlowSingle Chiller, Multiple Coils

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

19

Constant FlowMultiple Parallel Chillers, Multiple Coils

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

20

Variable Flow

Vary Flow Through Coil Circuit

Two-way valves

Variable speed coil pump

Configurations

Primary-secondary

Primary-secondary variations

Primary-on

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

21

Variable Flow Chilled Water Systems

Old Paradigm

Controls respond to changes in CHW temperature

Variable flow causes low temperature trips, locks out

chiller, requires manual reset (may even freeze)

Hence: Maintain constant flow through chillers

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

22

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

23

Primary/Secondary

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

24

Variable FlowPrimary/Secondary, Multiple Chillers and Coils

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

25

Variable FlowPrimary/Secondary, Series Flow, Multiple Chillers

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

26

Variable FlowPrimary/Distributed Secondary

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

27

Variable Flow Chilled Water Systems

New Paradigm

Modern controls are robust and very responsive to both

flow and temperature variations

Variable flow OK within range and rate-of-change

specd by chiller manufacturer

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

28

Variable FlowPrimary-only, Multiple Chillers

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

29

Variable FlowPrimary, Bypass Valve

FTUI KI-KE

DTM

30

Primary CHW Pump Options