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Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Page 1: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems

Page 2: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of

• nutrients• sediments• organic matter (dissolved and particulate)

Page 3: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Productivity within a Watershed

• Wetland very productive• Terrestrial systems moderately productive• Aquatic systems least productive

Page 4: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Zones of a Lake

Page 5: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and
Page 6: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Zones of a Reservoir

Page 7: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Zonation of Littoral Vegetation

Page 8: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Aufwuchs

Page 9: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Categories of Aufwuchs

• Epiphytic • Epipelic

• Episammic

• Epilithic

Page 10: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Phytoplankton

Page 11: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Zooplankton

Page 12: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Benthos

Page 13: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Nekton

Page 14: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Trophic Structure

Primary Producers

Primary Consumers

Secondary Consumers (carnivores)

Decomposers

Page 15: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Food Web

Page 16: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

River Continuum

Page 17: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Productivity

Rate at which energy enters one trophic level from a lower trophic level.

Page 18: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Efficiency

Energy transfers not very efficient because of dissipation through metabolism, etc. Also, mechanisms of energy transfer not inherently efficient. For example photosynthesis is less than 1% efficient in water.

Page 19: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Diversity

Complexity of a community

Page 20: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Relative Sizes

Page 21: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Biomass

Ways to determine:• Volume and number• Weight –fresh and dry• Oxidize living matter to CO2• Total ATP• For primary producers, extract chlorophylls

Page 22: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Production

• New organic mass per unit of time

• Σ [new organic biomass - respiration -excretion - secretion – injury – death – grazing]

Page 23: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and

Energy Flow in an Ecosystem

Page 24: Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems. Relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous sources of nutrients sediments organic matter (dissolved and