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National Product and Its Fluctuation

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NATIONAL INCOMENational Income Accounting and Determination

NATIONAL INCOME APPROACH1. Production Approach = value added approach.

Y = P1Q1 + P2Q2 + ...+ PnQn. 2. Income Approach.

Y = Yw + Yr + Yi + Yp)3. Expenditure Approach.

Y = C + I + G + (X-M)Warning:1. Price2. Underground Economy.3. Intermediate Product (value Added System).

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e1. PN RIILPN YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA

KONSTAN2. PN NOMINAL YG YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA

BERLAKU/HARGA PASAR

PDB riil t= (PDB nominalt/IH)t x 100

Menghit pertumb ekonomi: (PDB t – PDB t-1)/ PDB) x 100

UNDERGROUND ECONOMYDO IT YOUR SELF PRODUCTION, BARTER

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT (VALUE ADDED SYSTEM) YG DIHIT ADL NILAI DARI FINAL PRODUCT

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e1. PDB KONSTAN 2006-20102. PDB HARGA BERLAKU 2006-20103. IHK 2006-20104. MENCARI KONSEP2 PENDAPATAN

NASIONAL DAN KETERKAITANNYA1. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP}2. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)3. NET NATIONAL PRODUCT (NNP)4. NATIONAL INCOME (NI)5. PERSONAL INCOME (PI)6. PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME

(DI)

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PiQi

PnQnQPQPY

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....2*21*1

OUTPUT

2009 2010

P Q PiQi P Q

JERUK 10 15 150 15 20 300 200

APEL 15 5 75 20 10 200 120

TOTAL 225 500

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FAKTOR PRODUKSI:1.FP TENAGA KERJAUPAH/GAJI (WAGE/w)2.FP TANAHSEWA (RENT/r)3.FP MODAL/KAPITALBUNGA/INTEREST/i4.FP KEWIRAUSAHAANLABA/PROFIT ()

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4 SEKTOR DALAM PEREKONOMIAN:1.SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA (HOUSEHOLD SECTOR)PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI (C).2.SEKTOR BISNIS/SWASTA (BUSINESS SECTOR) PENGELUARAN INVESTASI (I).3.SEKTOR PEMERINTAH (GOVERNMENT SECTOR)PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH (G)4.SEKTOR LUAR NEGERI (FOREIGN SECTOR)NET EXPORT (X-M)

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e NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION1. Aggregate 2. Decision makerssectors. -Household Sector. -Business Sector. -Government Sector. -Foreign Sector.3. Every dollar spent by someone becomes revenue to anothers. 4. The flow of Monetary spending.

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EKSPANSIUPPER TURNING POINTKRISISRESESI/DEPRESILOWER TURNING POINTRECOVERY/REVIVAL

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NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATIONAgreggate Expenditure -Household SectorCONSUMPTION (C) -Business SectorINVESMENT (I) -Government SectorGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR GOODS AND SERVICES (G) -Foreign SectorNET EXPORT (X-M)

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CONSUMPTION (C)C = f (Y)C = Co + cY

Y = PendapatanC = Tingkat KonsumsiCo = Autonomos Consumptionc = Kecenderungan konsumsi (mpc = marginal propensity to consume)mpc= C/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan konsumsi akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1.

NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION

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NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION

Co Y

C

C = Co + cYC

Y

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NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION

CONSUMPTION AND SAVING

Y = C + SS = Y – CS = Y – (Co – cY)S = Y – Co – cY S = -Co + (1- c)YS = -Co + sY.

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NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION

CONSUMPTION AND SAVINGY = PendapatanS = Tingkat Tabungan-Co = So = Autonomos Saving1-c = s = Kecenderungan menabung (mps = marginal propensity to save)mpc= S/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan tabungan akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1.

MPC + MPS = 1

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C = 50 + 0.75YI = 50Y KESEIMBANGAN?POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE)Y = C + IY = 50 + 0.75Y + 50Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50(1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400

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C = 50 + 0.75YI = 50Y KESEIMBANGAN?POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE)Y = C + IY = 50 + 0.75Y + 50Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50(1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400

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PEND SUNTIKAN DAN BOCORANY = C +IY= C + SC+I = C+SI=SC = 50 + 0.75YS=-50+0.25YI = S50 = -50+0.25Y0.25Y=100 Y= 100/0.25=400

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C = 50 + 0.75YI = 50G = 100Tx=50+0.2YTr=20dG=50 (tidak dibiayai dg pajak)dG=50 (yg dibiayai dg pajak lumpsum)

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DUA SEKTORY = C + I

TIGA SEKTORY = C + I + G EMPAT SEKTORY = C + I + G + (X – M)

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CAMPUR TANGAN PEM1. PAJAKLUMPSUM:BESARNYA DITENTUKAN, MIS :50PROPORSIONAL: PEM MENENTUKAN TARIF PAJAK•PJK PROGRESIF: TARIF NAIK SERING DG KENAIKAN PEND•PJK REGRESIF:TARIF PAJAK MENURUN SEIRINMG KENAIKAN PEND.•PJK PROPORSIONAL: TARIF PAJAK SAMA UTK SEMUA TK PEND.2. TRANSFER PAYMENT (Tr)PENGALIHAN DAYA BELI DR PEM KPD MASY, CONTOH: BLT, BEASISWA