Strength

• Resistance to failure

Strength

Types

1. Compressive strength

2. Tensile strength

3. Flexural strength

4. Shear strength

5. Torsional strength

6. Bond strength

StrengthCompressive strength

Ϭc = P/A

P= Load

A= Area of x-section

It is the resistance to failure, when the applied stress is normal / perpendicular to the area of X-section.

StrengthTensile strength

Ϭt = P/A

It is the resistance to failure, when the applied stress is normal / perpendicular to the area of X-section.

Strength

Shear strength

It is the resistance to failure, when the applied stress is parallel to the area of X-section.

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Strength

Flexural strength

Ϭ = My/ I

M= Applied moment

Y= Distance from NA

I= Moment of inertia

It is the resistance to failure, when the applied stress is a combination of tensile and compressive stress forming a couple.

StrengthTorsional strength

It is the resistance to failure, when the applied torque tries to twist the body producing torsional stresses.

Bond Strength

• Bond stress=U: Shear stress at steel concrete interface

• It is the resistance to failure, when the applied stress tries to pull the steel bar out of the concrete.

T=Abfs

U=change of bar force/surface area of bar

Steel bar

concrete

Bond Strength

Pull out test

Stiffness

Resistance to deformation

Depends upon

• Material

• Area of X-section, Moment of inertia

• Length

This property is dependent upon material behaviour and geometry of the

structural element

Stiffness

Types1. Bending/ Flexural stiffness

2. Axial Stiffness

Bending stiffness is used for beams etc

Axial stiffness for trusses or columns

Stiffness

Bending Stiffness

• Material• Moment of inertia• Length

= K EI/LK= depends upon support conditions

Stiffness

Axial Stiffness

• Material

• Area of X-section

• Length

K = EA/L

K= depends upon end conditions

Elasticity• Resistance to deformation

Ductility and brittleness• Deformation before failure

Hardness

• Resistance to penetration or wear