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STRATIFICATION AND EQUALITY OF

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

EQUALITY OF EDU

OPPORTUNITY

All people having

an equal chance ofachieving a high-

socioeconomicstatus in society,regardless of sex,race or class

1. Inequalities are

justified only if theyprovide advantage to

unprivileged insociety or if they

benefit all.

2. Each person isentitled to what

she or he hasjustly earned.

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Equal accessor individualfreedom

The statesright to impose

equality vsindividuals

right to choosehis or her own

school.

Conflicts ofvalues inAmerican

society

Concept of equality of educational opportunity is varied in meaning

from equal school resources to equal outputs.

Coleman (1990) concludes that equal treatment of students alone

cant produce equal outcome.

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Did private school produce higher

achievement students than public

school?

Private

Controllingfamily

background

Smaller class,limited academiccurriculum, fewer

choice more

studentsinvolvement

Provide more disciplined,

orderly and safeenvironment, conducive

school climate, more

homework and betterattendance

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Catholicschools

American

ideal ofcommon

school

(+) effects on

verbal andmath

achievement

Dont trackstudents

Inner city :

High achievement,less social problems,

take more advancecourse and receive

more values trainingand parental

involvement

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conclusion : different level of performances between privateand public schools are due to differences between students

and parents, not because ofteachers and schools theyattend.

Characteristics of effective schools :

1. High standard and achievement expectations

2. Committed staff

3. High self-concept in students

4. Effectiveleadership

5. Rewards

6. Flexiblegrouping

Remember that factors that affect school performances not because of

characteristic of schools but characteristics of students

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The controversial issue of choice

Allowing parents to choose schools.

Definition

Provides parents with public schoolchoices without require them to move

Presumes variety in characteristics ofschools: different themes, curricula,variation.

Giving families a voucher for each students

Allow them to select from among schools

increase accountability and gives parentsand students sense of ownership.

Choice plan in urban areas