S T R A N G E N E W

W O R L D S

R A V I K O P P R A P U ( N A S A G O D D A R D )

O C C U R R E N C E R A T E S O F H A B I T A B L E

Z O N E P L A N E T S

H A B I T A B L E Z O N E S

Kopparapu et al. (2013a, 2014)

Kane et al. (2014)

With some exceptions for certain types of planets, there has not

been an overarching way to classify planets beyond the HZ.

+

+

=?

• The orbital separation of

planets could affect the

chemical composition of the

atmosphere.

• As a planet moves further

from its star, progressively

less volatile chemicals

condense in the atmosphere

Courtesy: Eric Hebrard

Kopparapu + 2018

Kopparapu + 2018

W H Y A R E Y O U D O I N G I T ?

W H Y A R E Y O U D O I N G I T ?

In the search for exo-Earth candidates, we

will detect a multitude of brighter planets.

4m

= Earths in the HZ

= “Hot” plants

= “Warm” planets

= “Cold” planets

8m

= Earths in the HZ

= “Hot” plants

= “Warm” planets

= “Cold” planets

16m

= Earths in the HZ

= “Hot” plants

= “Warm” planets

= “Cold” planets

H A B E X

S Y N E R G Y ?

Solar system objects Exo”objects”

Instellation

(Incident flux)

Solar system objects Exo”objects”

Instellation

(Incident flux)

planets

S Y N E R G Y ?

Solar system objects Exo”objects”

Instellation

(Incident flux)

planets

?

S Y N E R G Y ?

Ancient Present

Earth

Venus

F I N E P R I N T & S U M M A R Y

• *Applicable only for Sun-like stars. Not applicable for FK & M.

• *SED affects include UV to IR variation + activity. Not recommended for older stars off mainsequence.

• *Kopparapu et al. are not responsible for changes in the mass-radius relationship due to incident fluxes.

• *Photochemical hazes could impact the boundaries, on top of cloud condensates. Don’t apply when hazy!

4m 8m

16m