SOURCES OF LAWBy:De Leon, Dequina, DizonDelos Santos, Ramiscal, Redillas2 !ima!y Sou!ces o" La#Statutes o! statuto!y la# $u!is%!udence o! case la#S&A&U&ESORS&A&U&OR' LAWStatutes o! Statuto!y La#&(e #!itten enactment o" t(e #ill o" t(e le)islati*e +!anc( o" t(e )o*e!nment !ende!ed aut(entic +y ce!tain %!esc!i+ed "o!ms o! solemnities a!e mo!e also -no#n as enactment o" con)!ess.Statutes o! Statuto!y La#/ene!ally t(ey consist o" t#o ty%es:t(e Constitutionle)islati*e enactments. 0ncludes constitutions, t!eaties, statutes %!o%e! o! le)islati*e enactments, munici%al c(a!te!s, munici%al le)islation, cou!t !ules, administ!ati*e !ules and o!de!s, le)islati*e !ules and %!esidential issuance.E1AC&2E1&A!t 30 Sec 24:1o +ill %assed +y eit(e! 5ouse s(all +ecome a la# unless it (as %assed t(!ee !eadin)s on se%a!ate days, %!inted co%ies t(e!eo" in its 6nal "o!m (a*e +een dist!i+uted to its 2em+e!s t(!ee days +e"o!e its %assa)e, e7ce%t #(en t(e !esident ce!ti6es to t(e necessity o" its immediate enactment to meet a %u+lic calamity o! eme!)ency. U%on t(e last !eadin) o" a +ill, no amendment t(e!eto s(all +e allo#ed, and t(e *ote t(e!eon s(all +e ta-en immediately t(e!ea"te!, and t(e yeas and nays ente!ed in t(e $ou!nal.A!t 30 Sec 28:9:; E*e!y +ill %assed +y t(e Con)!ess s(all, +e"o!e it +ecomes a la#, +e %!esented to t(e !esident. 0" (e a%%!o*es t(e same, (e s(all si)n it< ot(e!#ise, (e s(all *eto it and !etu!n t(e same #it( (is o+=ections to t(e 5ouse #(e!e it o!i)inated, #(ic( s(all ente! t(e o+=ections at la!)e in its $ou!nal and %!oceed to !econside! it. 0", a"te! suc( !econside!ation, t#o>t(i!ds o" all 2em+e!s o" suc( 5ouse s(all a)!ee to %ass t(e +ill, it s(all +e sent, to)et(e! #it( t(e o+=ections, to t(e ot(e! 5ouse +y #(ic( it s(all li-e#ise +e !econside!ed, and i" a%%!o*ed +y t#o>t(i!ds o" all t(e 2em+e!s o" t(at 5ouse, it +ecomes a la#. 0n all suc( cases, t(e *otes o" eac( 5ouse s(all +e dete!mined +y yeas o! nays, and t(e names o" t(e 2em+e!s *otin) "o! o! a)ainst s(all +e ente!ed in its $ou!nal. &(e !esident s(all communicate (is *eto o" any +ill to t(e 5ouse #(e!e it o!i)inated #it(in t(i!ty days a"te! t(e date o" !ecei%t t(e!eo"< ot(e!#ise, it s(all +ecome a la# as i" (e (ad si)ned it.A!t 30 Sec 2892; &(e !esident s(all (a*e t(e %o#e! to *eto any %a!ticula! item o! items in an a%%!o%!iation, !e*enue o! ta!i? +ill, +ut t(e *eto s(all not a?ect t(e item o! items to #(ic( (e does not o+=ect.Research of Statute lawStatute la#s a!e t(e !ules and !e)ulations %!omul)ated +y com%etent aut(o!ities< enactments o" le)islati*e +odies 9national o! local; o! t(ey may +e !ules and !e)ulations o" administ!ati*e 9de%a!tments o! +u!eau; o! =udicial a)encies. Resea!c( o" statuto!y la# does not end #it( consultin) t(e la# itsel". At times it e7tends to t(e intent o" eac( %!o*ision o! e*en t(e #o!ds used in t(e la#.Constitution&(edi?e!entConstitutionso"t(e(ili%%inesa!e %!o*ided in some (isto!y +oo-s suc( as /!e)o!ioF.@aideAsPhilippineConstitutionalHistory and Constitutions of Modern Nations 9:B8C; and FoundersofFreedom;TheHistoryofThree Constitution +y a se*en>man Boa!d. &(e(ili%%inele)alsystem!eco)nizest(e"ollo#in) Constitutions: 2alolos :BDE :B8D !o*isional o! F!eedom :BF8 Constitutions.Constitution&e7t o" t(e Malolos Constitution is a*aila+le in some (isto!y +oo-s suc( as: /!e)o!io F. @aideAs Philippine Constitutional History and Constitutions of Modern Nations, %. :84 9:B8C;. Fo! t(e !est o" t(e a+o*e mentioned Constitutions, t(e te7ts a!e a*aila+le in published Philippine constitutional law books. Full text o" t(ese Constitutions is a*aila+le at t(e Supreme Court E-Library.ConCon Proceedings&(e Constitutional Con*ention %!oceedin)s %!o*ide "o! t(e intent and +ac-)!ound o" eac( %!o*ision o" t(e Constitution. Sou!ces "o! t(e :BDG>:BDE Constitutional Con*ention a!e: :C *olumes o" t(e Constitutional Con*ention Reco!d +y t(e 5ouse o" Re%!esentati*es 9:B44;Sal*ado! Lau!elAs se*en *olumes +oo- entitled Proceedings of the Constitutional Conention 9:B44;< 4 *olumes o" t(e Philippine Constitution! "rigins! Making! Meaning and #pplication +y t(e (ili%%ine La#ye!s Association #it( $ose A!ue)o as one o" its edito!s 9:B8C; and $ou!nal o" t(e Constitutional con*ention o" t(e (ili%%ines +y 3icente F!ancisco.ConCon Proceedings !oceedin)s o" t(e :B8D Constitutional Con*ention #e!e ne*e! %u+lis(ed. A com%lete com%ilation is a*aila+le at the Filipiniana Reading Room o" t(e 1ational Li+!a!y o" t(e (ili%%ines. $ou!nals 9D *olumes; and Reco!ds 9E *olumes; o" t(e Constitutional Con*ention o" :BF4 #e!e %u+lis(ed +y t(e Constitutional Commission. Constitution Commenta!ies o! inte!%!etations on t(e constitution, decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t and ot(e! cou!ts, te7t+oo-s o! t!eaties, %e!iodical a!ticles o" t(e di?e!ent Constitution a!e a*aila+le. !reaties and other "nternational #greementsA t!eaty is an a)!eement o! a cont!act +et#een t#o 9+ilate!al; o! mo!e 9multilate!al; nations o! so*e!ei)ns, ente!ed into +y a)ents a%%ointed 9)ene!ally t(e Sec!eta!y o" Fo!ei)n A?ai!s o! am+assado!s; "o! t(e %u!%ose and duly sanctioned +y su%!eme %o#e!s o" t(e !es%ecti*e count!ies. !reaties and other "nternational #greements&!eaties t(at do not (a*e le)islati*e sanctions a!e e7ecuti*e a)!eements #(ic( may o! may not (a*e le)islati*e aut(o!ization, and #(ic( (a*e limited e7ecution +y constitutional !est!ictions.!reaties and other "nternational #greements0n t(e (ili%%ines, a t!eaty o! inte!national a)!eement s(all not +e *alid and e?ecti*e unless concu!!ed in +y at least t#o>t(i!ds o" all mem+e!s o" t(e Senate 9Constitution, A!ticle 300, section 2:;. &(ose #it(out t(e concu!!ence o" t(e Senate a!e conside!ed as E7ecuti*e A)!eements.!reaties and other "nternational #greements&(e !esident o" t(e (ili%%ines may ente! into inte!national t!eaties o! a)!eements as t(e national #el"a!e and inte!est may !equi!e, and may cont!act and )ua!antee "o!ei)n loans on +e(al" o" t(e Re%u+lic, su+=ect to suc( limitations as may +e %!o*ided +y la#. Du!in) t(e time o" !es. 2a!cos, t(e!e #as t(e so>called &!i%oli A)!eement.!reaties and other "nternational #greements &(e !esident o" t(e (ili%%ines may ente! into inte!national t!eaties o! a)!eements as t(e national #el"a!e and inte!est may !equi!e, and may cont!act and )ua!antee "o!ei)n loans on +e(al" o" t(e Re%u+lic, su+=ect to suc( limitations as may +e %!o*ided +y la#. Du!in) t(e time o" !es. 2a!cos, t(e!e #as t(e so>called &!i%oli A)!eement.!reaties and other "nternational #greements!he o$cial text of treaties is %u+lis(ed in t(e: "$cial %a&ette 'epartment of Foreign #(airs Treaty )eries *'F#T)+ ,nited Nations Treaty )eries *,NT)+ o! t(e Uni*e!sity o" t(e (ili%%ines La# Cente!As Philippine Treaty )eries *PT)+. &o locate t(e latest treaties, t(e!e a!e t#o %ossi+le sou!ces: De%a!tment o" Fo!ei)n A?ai!s and t(e Senate o" t(e (ili%%ines. !reaties and other "nternational #greements!#%E &'!E(( &(e!e is no com%lete !e%osito!y o" all t!eaties ente!ed into +y t(e (ili%%ines. &(e!e is a selecti*e %u+lication o" t!eaties in t(e "$cial %a&ette. &(e DFA&S #as last %u+lis(ed in t(e :B8Cs #(ile t(e &SAs last *olume, *ol. F contains t!eaties ente!ed into until :BF:. Wit( t(e U1 &!eaty Se!ies, it is a*aila+le only in U1 de%osito!y li+!a!ies in t(e count!y and its United 1ation 0n"o!mation Cente! in 2a-ati.!reaties and other "nternational #greementsFor tax treaties Eusta)uio 'rdo*o (as %u+lis(ed a se!ies on t(e (ili%%ine ta7 t!eaties Ot(e! sou!ces o" im%o!tant t!eaties a!e a%%ended in +oo-s on t(e su+=ect o! la# =ou!nals suc( as t(e Ame!ican $ou!nal o" 0nte!national La# o! t(e (ili%%ine 'ea!+oo- o" 0nte!national La#.!reaties and other "nternational #greements &o locate t(ese t!eaties, t(e Fo!ei)n Se!*ice 0nstitute %u+lis(ed t(e Philippine !reaties "ndex +,-./-,-012 and 3& 4ultilateral !reaties De%osited #it( t(e Sec!eta!y /ene!al. Elect!onically, ma=o! la# li+!a!ies use t(e: &!eaties and 0nte!national A)!eements Resea!c(e!s A!c(i*es 9&0ARA; WES&LAW LEH0S ot(e! online sou!ces and t(e 0nte!net.Statutes Proper Statutes a!e enactments o" t(e di?e!ent le)islati*e +odies since :BCC +!o-en do#n as "ollo#s:G,28E AC&S > Enactments "!om ,-55-,-678DD Common#ealt( Acts > Enactments "!om ,-67-,-.72,CDG !esidential Dec!ees > Enactments "!om ,-81-,-07FFG Batas am+ansa. > Enactments "!om ,-8--,-07B,GB2 Re%u+lic Acts > Enactments "!om ,-./-,-819 ,-08- :uly 1558Statutes Proper; Legislatimil- Su+stitutes and Su%%lements 1ational 0nte!nal Re*enue Code Omni+us Election Code (ili%%ine En*i!onment Code Re*ised Administ!ati*e Code Re*ised enal Code Sanitation Code State Auditin) Code &a!i? and Customs Code Wate! Code'rdinances By Autonomous Re)ion &(e le)islati*e assem+lies enact o!dinances to )o*e!n t(e !e)ion and may c!eate administ!ati*e a)encies to o%e!ate in t(e !e)ions. By Local /o*e!nment Units Basic local )o*e!nment units a!e %!o*inces, cities, munici%alities and +a!an)ays Eac( o" t(ese units (a*e la#ma-in) %o#e!s to %ass #(at is commonly called Jo!dinancesK 'rdinancesOIcial!e%osito!ieso"t(eo!dinanceo" t(eCityo"2anila#e!et(e'$cial =a>etteandt(e?ureauofPrinting Publication,Ley'rganicay 'rdenan>asReto>date codi6cation o" all !ules t(us %u+lis(ed and !emainin) in e?ect to)et(e! #it( a com%lete inde7 and a%%!o%!iate ta+les. E*e!y !ule esta+lis(in) an o?ense o! de6nin) an act #(ic( %u!suant to la# is %unis(a+le as a c!ime o! su+=ect to a %enalty s(all in all cases +e %u+lis(ed in "ull te7t. E7ce%tions to t(e M6lin) !equi!ementM a!e Con)!ess, $udicia!y, Constitutional Commission, milita!y esta+lis(ments in all matte!s !elati*e to A!med Fo!ces %e!sonnel, t(e Boa!d o" a!dons and a!ole and state uni*e!sities and colle)es.Administ!ati*e Rules and !e)ulations Uni*e!sity o" t(e (ili%%ines La# Cente!As OIce o" 1ational Administ!ati*e Re)iste! is not only tas-ed to %u+lis( t(is qua!te!ly !e)iste! +ut must -ee% an u%>to>date codi6cation o" all !ules t(us %u+lis(ed and !emainin) in e?ect to)et(e! #it( a com%lete inde7 and a%%!o%!iate ta+les. E*e!y !ule esta+lis(in) an o?ense o! de6nin) an act #(ic( %u!suant to la# is %unis(a+le as a c!ime o! su+=ect to a %enalty s(all in all cases +e %u+lis(ed in "ull te7t. E7ce%tions to t(e M6lin) !equi!ementM a!e Con)!ess, $udicia!y, Constitutional Commission, milita!y esta+lis(ments in all matte!s !elati*e to A!med Fo!ces %e!sonnel, t(e Boa!d o" a!dons and a!ole and state uni*e!sities and colle)es.Administ!ati*e Rules and !e)ulations As %!e*iously stated, t(e!e a!e no u%>to>date o! com%lete Statutes 6nde!s. &(ose %u+lis(ed a!e listed in t(e Bi+lio)!a%(y. As %!e*iously stated, to "acilitate le)al !esea!c(, one (as to )o online to *i!tual li+!a!ies suc( as t(e Su%!eme Cou!t E>Li+!a!y, C(an Ro+les 3i!tual La# Li+!a!y, A!ellano La# FoundationAs &(e 0 La#%(il !o=ect, and CD Asia &ec(nolo)ies o! t(e di?e!ent data+ases in CD RO2 suc( as t(ose o" CD Asia &ec(nolo)ies Asia 0nc., 0e1library0 # Century and 2 3ears of )upreme Court 'ecisions and i1-aw 4nstant C'.CASE LAWCase Law/!eatclasso"oIciallite!a!y mani"estationso"la#madeu%o" casesdecided+ycou!tsand+y %e!sonso!+odies%e!"o!min) =udicial "unctions Comes "!om t(e =udicial aut(o!ities o" t(e State50L001E COUR&S$UD0C0AL RECEDE1&SAcase#(ic(esta+lis(edle)al %!inci%lestoace!tainseto""acts, comin) to a ce!tain conclusion, and #(ic(isto+e"ollo#ed"!omt(at %ointon#(ensimila!o!identical "acts a!e +e"o!e a cou!t.:3@"C"#L PRECE@E&!S(Albert v. CA)> 0t is t(e duty o" a =ud)e "!om an in"e!io! cou!t to a%%ly t(e la# as inte!%!eted +y t(e 5i)(est Cou!t o" t(e Land, and t(at any de*iation "!om a %!inci%le laid do#n +y t(e latte! #ould in*a!ia+ly cause, as a sequel, unnecessa!y incon*eniences, delays and e7%enses to t(e liti)antsS!#RE @EC"S"S 0tist(edoct!inet(at,#(encou!t (as once laid do#n a %!inci%le, and a%%lyittoall"utu!ecases,#(e!e "actsa!esu+stantiallyt(esame, !e)a!dlesso"#(et(e!t(e%a!ties and %!o%e!ties a!e t(e same. *-ambino.Commissionon5lections!'issenting"pinionof.ustice Puno+Sta!e Decisis Follo# %ast %!ecedents and do not distu!+ #(at (as +een settled.2atte!sal!eadydecidedont(e me!itscannot+e!eliti)ateda)ain and a)ain.6)tare decisis et non 7uieta moere8 9"ollo# %ast %!ecedents and do not distu!+ #(at (as +een settled.;RES :3@"C#!# Re"e!stot(e!ulet(ata6nal =ud)mento!dec!eeont(eme!its+y acou!to"com%etent=u!isdictionis conclusi*e o" t(e !i)(ts o" t(e %a!ties o! t(ei! %!i*ies in all late! suits on all %oints and matte!s dete!mined in t(e "o!me! suit. *-ambino . Commission on 5lections! 'issenting "pinion of .ustice Puno+CLASSES OF CASE LAWa. @ecisions Proper Cases decided +y !e)ula!ly o!)anized cou!ts o" =usticeE7am%le: Su%!eme Cou!tCou!t o" A%%ealsRe)ional &!ial Cou!ts 2unici%al &!ial Cou!ts +. Subordinate Case Cases decided +y t(ose e7e!cisin) quasi>=udicial "unctionsE7am%le:1LRCCSCParts of a @ecision:. Case 1ame2. Doc-et 1um+e!D. Cou!tG. DatesE. onente8. 1ame o" t(e CounselsF. O%inionB. Decision:C. Attestation and Ce!ti6cationL#A 'F !BE C#SE Law of the Case&(e!uleo"t(ela#o"t(ecase operates only in the particular case and only as a rule of policy and not as one of law.&(e!ulin)co*e!ed+yt(edoct!ineo" t(ela#o"t(ecaseisad(e!edtoint(e sin)lecase#(e!eita!ises,+utisnot ca!!ied into ot(e! cases as %!ecedent. *#yala Corporation . /osa 'iana /ealty and 'eelopment Corporation+CASE REOR&01/DEC0S0O1S ROER:DEC0S0O1S OF &5E SURE2E COUR&OFF0C0AL REOS0&OR0ES OF DEC0S0O1S OF &5E SURE2E COUR&OIcial Re%osito!ies o" Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!tAd*ance S(eets&(is is #(e!e t(e decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t #(en made 6nal, %u+lis(ed in mimeo)!a%(ed "o!m.2ade a*aila+le to t(e +enc(< at ea!liest date %ossi+le2uc( ea!lie! t(an %u+lication in t(e OIcial /azetteOIcial Re%osito!ies o" Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!tOIcial /azetteOIcial %u+lication o" t(e )o*e!nment %!inted +y Bu!eau o" !intin)Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t a!e %!inted unde! t(e section, JDecisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!tKOIcial Re%osito!ies o" Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t(ili%%ine Re%o!tsDecisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t "!om Au)ust F, :BC: a!e %u+lis(ed (e!e, %!inted +y t(e Bu!eau o" !intin), no# t(e /o*e!nment !intin) OIceDecisions a!e a!!an)ed acco!din) to t(e dates o" t(ei! %!omul)ationAs soon as t(e!e a!e a+out 8EC %a)es o" decisions %u+lis(ed in t(e O./., t(e Re%o!te! )at(e!s t(em and %u+lis(es t(em in t(e .R.OIcial Re%osito!ies o" Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t(ili%%ine Re%o!ts 9Re%!ints;&(e dest!uction o" li+!a!ies and !ese!*e co%ies o" t(e (ili%%ine Re%o!ts in t(e Bu!eau o" !intin) du!in) t(e #a!, necessitated t(e !e%!intin) o" t(ese !e%o!ts and t(e unde!ta-in) #as ent!usted +y t(e Su%!eme Cou!t to t(e La#ye!sN Coo%e!ati*e u+lis(in) Co., #(ic( +y %(oto>o?set %!ocess, !e%!inted t(e 6!st 8G *olumes o" t(e (ili%%ine Re%o!ts.5o#e*e!, t(e inde7>di)ested "ound in t(e o!i)inal *olumes a!e omitted in t(e !e%!inted set.OIcial Re%osito!ies o" Decisions o" t(e Su%!eme Cou!t$u!is%!udencia Fili%inaS%anis( edition o" t(e (ili%%ine Re%o!ts!inted +y t(e Bu!eau o" !intin)A!!an)ed in t(e same o!de! as t(e (ili%%ine Re%o!ts, eac( *olume containin) t(e same cases %u+lis(ed in t(e co!!es%ondin) *olume o" t(e (ili%%ine Re%o!tsu+lication #as discontinued du!in) t(e #a! to t(e %!esentLi-e t(e En)lis( edition, it contains t(e same %a!tsU1OFF0C0AL REOR&01/ OF SURE2E COUR& DEC0S0O1S(ili%%ine Decisions(ili%%ine Re%o!ts Annotated(ili%%ine Re%o!ts Annotated 9Cent!al;Su%!eme Cou!t Re%o!ts Annotated 9SCRA;Su%!eme Cou!t Decisions 9SCD;(ili%%ine La# and $u!is%!udence 950LA$UR;Su%!eme Cou!t Un%u+lis(ed DecisionsSu%!eme Cou!t Ad*ance DecisionsSu%!eme Cou!t E7ce!%ts 9SCEH;Summa!y o" Su%!eme Cou!t Rulin)sCitations: E7ce!%ts "!om Su%!eme Cou!t Decisions&itle 0nde7 to Su%!eme Cou!t Decisions :BGE>:B8FSu%!eme Cou!t Decisions &itle 0nde7 :BF2>:BFE&(e Sandi)an+ayan Re%o!te!&(e C// Re%o!te!DEC0S0O1S ROER:DEC0S0O1S OF &5E COUR& OF AEALSA%%ellate Cou!t Re%o!tsAd*ance S(eetsOIcial /azetteCou!t o" A%%eals Re%o!tsCou!t o" A%%eals Re%o!ts AnnotatedDecisions o" Sandi)an+ayanDecisions o" Cou!t o" &a7 A%%ealsDecisions o" Re)ional &!ial Cou!tsDecisions o" t(e 2et!o%olitan &!ial Cou!ts, 2unici%al &!ial Cou!ts, 2unici%al Ci!cuit &!ial Cou!tsSUBORD01A&E DEC0S0O1S&(e Senate Electo!al &!i+unal and t(e 5ouse o" Re%!esentati*es Electo!al &!i+unalAdminist!ati*e A)encies E7e!cisin) Ouasi>$udicial o#e!sA)encies #it( im%lied quasi>=udicial %o#e!sA)encies #it( e7%!ess quasi>=udicial %o#e!su+lications o" Administ!ati*e A)encies E7e!cisin) Ouasi>$udicial FunctionsCO2ELECCOACSC5LURB1LRC0nsu!ance CommisionDARABSECB0R0OCom%ute!ized Le)al Resea!c( Se!*ices