Status of Operational GNSS Augmentations in United States

Pamela GomezFederal Aviation Administration (FAA)

WAAS GCCS Team Lead

GNSS In U.S.

• U.S. Has Approved Use of Global Positioning System (GPS) For Aircraft Navigation For Over A Decade

• FAA Working With Other U.S. Federal Government Agencies To Insure Modernization of GPS Improves Aviation Capabilities

• FAA Has Commissioned the FAA’s GNSS Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) – Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

• FAA Is Continuing Development Of the GNSS Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

– Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)• FAA Has Committed To A “Performance Based National Airspace System”

– Fully utilize the capabilities of all equipment aboard the aircraft– Implement Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

GNSS SBAS (WAAS – In USA)

• Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight– Enroute, Arrival, and Departure:

• Provides 100% Availability Of GNSS For Even The Most Critical RNP or RNAV Operations

• Provides Coverage At All Altitudes From 100,000 Feet To The Surface• Provides Navigation Services To Users That Are Not Currently Served

– Approach:• Enhances Safety By Providing Vertical Guidance To Every Runway End In

The Coverage Area• No Ground Hardware Required At Airport• Allows IFR Operations To All Qualified Airports

SBAS: WAAS Background

• August 2000: FAA Makes WAAS Available For Non IFR Aviation Use– Signal Available At Surface For All Users

• July 2003: Initial Operating Capability (IOC) For All Aircraft Instrument Flight Rule Use

– 100% Coverage CONUS & Alaska From 100,000 Ft. To Surface– Horizontal Accuracy 1.5M– Vertical Accuracy 3M– Better Than 99.999% Availability Of System– 95% Availability In CONUS Of Instrument Approaches With Vertical Guidance

• Enhances safety• 250 foot Decision Height / ¾ Mile Visibility minimums• No ground hardware required• Instrument approach procedure required for each runway end

WAAS Architecture

Area Navigation Availability

Current LPV Approach Availability

WAAS Development Schedule

• Development Will Continue In Two Segments– LPV Segment– GLS Segment

• Improvements To Ground Components To Complete “LPV Segment”– Software Efficiency Improvements, Integrity Monitor Improvements, And Additional

Ground Reference Stations Will Be Brought Online Incrementally– End State Performance Will Result In Greater Availability Of Approach With Vertical

Guidance (LPV – 250ft Minimums)• 99% Continental United States• 95% In Most Of Alaska

• Addition of GEO Satellites To Provide At Least Two In View To All Users Over All CONUS And Alaska

• Improvements To Ground Components To Complete “GLS Segment”– Requires GPS Modernization – L5 Frequency

• WAAS 200’ Minimums (First WAAS Precision Approach)– Requires Hardware And Software Modifications

2003-2008

2007

2008 -2013

Development Activities: LPV

• Hardware– 13 Additional Wide Area Reference Stations To Improve Availability And Coverage

• 4 Alaska • 5 Mexico• 4 Canada • Equipment Upgrade Using Commercial Off The Shelf Hardware When Feasible

• Communications– Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications Network

• Software– More Efficient Integrity Monitor Algorithms– Enhanced O&M Efficiency

• Prime Contractor - Raytheon

Predicted LPV Availability2008 Full LPV Capability

North America• USA, Canada, and Mexico Are Working Through The North

American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT) Regional Cooperation Meeting On Civil Aviation Safety, Security, Capacity, And Efficiency To Cooperate On The Implementation of GNSS In The North American Region

• Canada And Mexico Will Host Additional Reference Stations To WAAS System– 5 Mexico– 4 Canada

• Provides WAAS Coverage In Canada And Mexico• Improves Availability For U.S.

Canada

• Installing Four Reference Stations– Goose Bay– Gander– Iqaluit– Winnipeg

• Site Surveys Complete• First Two Sites Will Be Installed In August 2005, Second Two

Installed In August 2006• Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

Mexico

• Installing Five Reference Stations– Mexico City– Merida– Puerto Vallarta– La Paz– Tapachula

• Three Site Surveys Completed In August, The Remaining Two Next Summer

• First Three Sites Installed In August 2005, Second Two Installed In August 2006

• Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

WAAS – GLS Development

• Will Commence In 2008• In USA, GLS Capability Will Require Modernized GPS Constellation

– Addition Of Second Frequency, L5– Availability Of L5 For Operational Use By Aviation Expected By 2013– FAA Ground Upgrade Complete In 2013

• Hardware: – Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers To Receive L5

• Software:– Broadcast Of WAAS Message On L5

• Will Eliminate Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused By Ionospheric Storms• Full GLS Capability Throughout Coverage Area• System Will Be Capable Of Augmenting Other Satellite Navigation System

Constellations

INMARSAT 3AOR/W

54W

INMARSAT 3POR178E

Current GEO ServiceInmarsat III

• Main Problem Is Single Coverage Over the Majority of CONUS

INMARSAT III

• Current INMARSAT Lease Expires September 2006• Market Survey Released In May For Possible Lease Extension

To 2009/2010– Four Vendors Responded

• INMARSAT AOR-W Scheduled To Be Relocated From 54W To 98W In October 2005– High Risk To WAAS Users In CONUS– WAAS Team Performing Trade Study On Mitigation Options To Include

• Feasibility Study To Leave AOR In Place Until GCCS Becomes Operational• Data Link Only During 22-day Relocation

GEO Satellite Improvements

• Lockheed Martin Prime Contractor• Contract Definitization Expected To Be Complete February 2005• Contract Structured to Provide:

– Leased Payloads on Up to 3 Satellites– Ground Infrastructure to Support Signal in Space

• Goal is Two GEOs In View To All Users Over CONUS and Alaska by 2007

PanAmSat at 133W

• Ground Uplink Stations– Signal Generator Subsystem (SGS) Factory Acceptance

Tests Complete – Radio Frequency Unit (RFU) Installations Complete, Napa

CA and Littleton, CO– SGS/RFU Integration starting February 05

• PanAmSat Galaxy XV – Satellite Payload Integration to be complete May 2005– Delivered to Launch Site in June 2005– 90-day Launch Window

• GCCS Integration to be complete December 2005• WAAS Integration Activities• Operational 4th Qtr 2006

Telesat Anik F1R at 107W

• Telesat Canada Anik F1R – Satellite Payload Integration Complete– Satellite in Thermal Vacuum Testing– 90-day Launch Window July 2005 –

September 2005• Ground Uplink Stations

– Sites Selected• Brewster, WA• Woodbyne, MD

– Long Lead Items Procured • GCCS Integration to be complete April 2006• WAAS Integration • Operational 2nd Qtr 2007

GEO Transition

• Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska with AOR/W as hot spare

INMARSAT 3AOR/W

54W

INMARSAT 3POR178E

INMARSAT AOR/W98W

Telesat107W

PanAmSat133W

WAAS Avionics• Two Certified Receivers Currently Available

– Garmin & Chelton Systems (With Free Flight Systems WAAS Sensor)

• Garmin– CNX-80

• Field Upgradeable to Complete WAAS Functionalities

– GNS-480 (The Upgraded CNX-80)• Sales Forecast Of 2,000 Units This Year• Retail $11,995

– GNS-430/530• Currently 50,000 Units Sold, Expect 30%

To Buy The Upgrade• Approximately $1,500 for Upgrade, Available

October– GNS-1000

• Plan To Offer Upgrade In 2005

WAAS Avionics

• Rockwell-Collins In Development Of WAAS Capability In Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR)

• Free Flight Systems Upgrading Sensor In Shelton CAPSTONE Avionics To Provide Vertical Approach Capability

• Other Manufacturers Developing WAAS/SBAS Capable Avionics• WAAS Avionics Can Be Installed In All Aircraft (Avionics Not Yet

Available For All)• WAAS Integration Into Full Flight Management System (FMS)

Capability Expected Within Three Years

Operational Implementation

• Existing Procedures:– 57 LPVs– 739 LNAV/VNAV– 3,670 LNAV/GPS

• Procedure Production– FY 05 Airport List Has Been Approved

• 214 Procedures Planned• 122 Are at Non-ILS Runways• 43 Provide Capability at Airports Where No Precision Approach Existed

– FY 06• 341 Procedures Planned• 258 Are at Non-ILS Runways• 210 Provide Capability at Airports Where No Precision Approach Existed

LNAV/VNAV 350’

LPV 250’

GLS 200’

3o

WAAS Schedule

Commissioning (July 2003)

Alaskan Site Installation Complete

PanAmSat Launch

Telesat Launch

C & V Complete

Software Performance Build

Mexican Site Installation

Canadian Site Installation

PanAmSat Operational

Telesat Operational

TCS Complete

Initial WRS Sites Operational

JRC Decision on GLS Development

Software O&M Enhancements Complete

Full Integration

9/05

Item2005 2006 2007 2008

9/05

9/05

10/05

5/06

8/06

8/06

10/06

10/06

12/06

4/07

12/07

12/08

9/07

Potential WAAS Civil Applications

• Agriculture• Aviation• Maritime• Highway• Railroad• Precision Timing• Mining/Geology• Surveying• Banking• Remote Sensing

• Power• Telecommunications• Law Enforcement• Emergency • Disaster Response• Weather • Construction• Recreation• Environmental Mgmt• Mapping/Geodesy

Current WAAS/SBAS Civil Applications

• Agricultural• Marine• Outdoor Recreation• Surveying• Emergency• Millions of Civil Users Today

GBAS/LAAS Status

• FY04 LAAS Was Directed to Research & Development Status– Continuing Integrity Analysis for Category 1 LAAS

• LAAS Integrity Panel (LIP) to Resolve All Remaining Key Integrity Risks to Low/Medium

• Develop Integrated Prototype to Validate Integrity Requirements

• FAA Continues to Support Development of LAAS Technology However Budget Constraints Prevent Funding Development Activity At This Time

• Customer Support– Air Carrier/Cargo & Manufacturer Support Continues

Operational Implementation

• LAAS Criteria for Straight in Approaches Developed • LAAS Capabilities to Support Terminal Area Procedures (TAP)

Demonstrated by WJHTC• Implementation Activities Using LAAS Prototypes Being

Investigated• Rockwell Collins LAAS Capable Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR)

available• Boeing 737 GLS Certification Flights Completed• AIRBUS GLS Certification Planned for 2005

International Activities

• Continue Support for RTCA/ICAO Requirements Process For GBAS CAT II/III– Support Harmonization Between RTCA and EUROCAE

• Continue Support of International GBAS Initiatives– Brazil Testing and Data Collection– Air Services Australia GBAS/GRAS Development Activities– Coordination with European GBAS Working Group, International Service

Providers and Aircraft Manufacturers• Eurocontrol Member States, Boeing, and Airbus

Summary: SBAS/WAAS

• Benefits All Classes Of Aviation Users • Commissioned For IFR Use On July 10, 2003• Signal Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight• WAAS Enhances RNP And Performance Based NAS• Enhances Safety And Efficiency Of NAS• Aviation Receivers Available Today, More Coming To Market Over Next Three

Years• Will Be Improved Incrementally To Bring Added Capability Online As Soon As

It Is Ready• Demonstrates FAA Commitment To Improving Services For All Aviation Users

http://gps.faa.gov

Regional Cooperation

New Sites

Latest GPS/SBAS Receivers For Non-Aviation Use

Garmin StreetPilot 2620Automotive

Lowrance LCX-104C Marine Receiver

John Deere StarFire iTCAgriculture

Garmin QuestAutomotive/Marine/Adventure

Trimble R8

Magellan Road MateAutomotive

Current and Future LPV Approaches

Charting with LPV minimum line

LPV Minimum Line

WAAS ChannelNumber

WAAS Approach ID

W=WAAS24=Runway 24

A=1st WAAS ApproachTo Rwy 24

Temperature RestrictionDoes Not Apply to WAAS

Equipment