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Status of Coastal Aquaculture in Thailand Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

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Status of Coastal Aquaculture in Thailand

Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau

Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Thailand is the top ten countries for fishery production

- Export fish and fishery products

- Kitchen of the world

- Existence

Fishery and aquaculture production during 2000-2010 Quantity: 1,000 tonnes

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

2,773.7

1,546.8

201.5

249.0

467.0 862.8 271.0

432.4

0.0

500.0

1,000.0

1,500.0

2,000.0

2,500.0

3,000.0

Marine capture

Inland Capture

Coastalaquaculture

Freshwateraquaculture

Quantity and value of exported fishery products during 2001-2010

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

1,398,997.6

2,058,353.7 6,363.4

7,896.7

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Value (Million USD)

Quantity (Tonnes)

Quantity Value

Value of fishery products by main importing countries during 2001-2010

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

Value: Million USD

2,209.3 2,385.2

353.5

398.4

1,803.8

1,631.5

561.9

1,165.7

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

USA

ASEAN10

Japan

EU27

Key success for Thailand aquaculture development

• Suitable location • Diversity of species cultured • Several knowledge based on coastal aquaculture

• Appropriate cultured practices • Competence of farmers in breeding, nursing, culturing

and technology adaption • Competence of government and private sector in

aquaculture management to meet international standard

Thailand is bounded by the Gulf of Thailand on the east coast the Andaman Sea on the western coast Total coastline 2,815 km Eastern coastline 544 km South-eastern coastline 1,334 km South-western coastline 937 km

Coastal area 32,866.88 km2

(3,286,690 ha) 23 provinces along coastline

Coast of Thailand

Coastal aquaculture

Major commercial species: Shrimp - white shrimp - black tiger shrimp Fish - sea bass - grouper

Other commercial species: Fish - milkfish, cobia Mollusc - mussel, blood cockle, oyster Crab - mud crab - blue swimming crab

Coastal aquaculture production in 2010

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

2002 : Expansion of white shrimp industry (Penaeus vannamei)

2006 until present : 97% of shrimp production is white shrimp

1972 : First breeding success of Penaeus monodon by Phuket Coastal Aquaculture Station, DOF

1985 : Marine shrimp culture grown steadily

Marine shrimp culture

Shrimp production during 2000-2010

Quantity: 1,000 tonnes

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

304.59

2.41 5.21

551.99

309.80

554.40

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

Black tiger shrimpWhite shrimpTotal

Sea bass culture (Lates calcarifer)

• 1973: First success breeding of sea bass at National Coastal Aquaculture Institute (NICA), DOF

• Easy to breed, hatch and nurse • Easy to culture, can grow in various environment • Earthen pond and cage culture

Sea bass production during 2000-2010

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

Quantity: tonnes

7,752 8,004

11,032

12,230

13,588 14,219

15,524

12,366 12,814

14,818

16,480

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Epinephelus coioides , Epinephelus malabaricus, Cromileptes altivalis, E Epinephelus lanceolatus Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Plectropomus leopardus

• Difficult to breed, low survival rate • Easy to culture and mostly culture in cages • Good taste, good price for live fish

Grouper culture

Leopard grouper

Plectropomus leopardus (Bloch)

Giant grouper

Epinephelus lanceolatus

Potential commercially high value groupers

Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

Grouper production during 2000-2010

Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries

Quantity: tonnes

1,332 1,443

1,170

2,338

3,574

2,582

3,036 2,981 3,105

2,996

3933

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Other commercial marine finfish

Cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus)

Milkfish Chanos chanos

Spotted scat Scatophagus argus

Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis

Short-bodied mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma

Other commercial species • Mollusc : Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) Oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) Mussel (Perna viridis) Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata)

Other commercial species

• Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus

• Mud crab Scylla olivacea Scylla paramamosain

Direction of Aquaculture Development

Balance and Sustainability

International agreement

Food security

Food safety

Economic growth

Environmental sustainability

Aquaculture carrying capacity can be used to guide future aquaculture management and policy formulation

in Thailand

Aquaculture carrying capacity • Fish cage culture • Mollusc culture in coastal area

Environmental sustainability

THANK YOU