statistical table 20: prevalence of antibodies against...

Statistical Table 20: Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis B virus among injecting drug users in the EU (sample sizes in brackets)

HBV - antibodies Country, region/ city

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Belgium, French Community

23.5 (115)

23.8 (240)

20.0 (195)

15.7 (127)

SR Drug treatment centres; self-reported test results; > 80% missing data.

1

Belgium, Flemish Community

17.9 (106)

20.0 (55)

12.7 (157)

15.0 (133)

7.1 (113)

DT AHBs. Drug treatment centres; screening, serum.

2

Belgium, Flemish Community

20.5 (73)

24.1 (54)

23.9 (155)

21.9 (123)

15.7 (89)

DT AHBc. Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

2

Belgium, Flemish Community - Antwerp

62.4 (250)

SP Anti-HBs: Drug treatment centres, low threshold services; screening serum.

8



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Belgium, Flemish Community -Antwerp

43.0 (249)

SP AHBc: Drug treatment centres, low threshold services, screening serum.

8

Belgium, French Community - Charleroi

16.0 (232)

35.7 (238)

SP All markers; general practitioners; screening serum.

10



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Denmark, Funen

68 (357)

SP AHBc or HBsAg: prison, drug treatment centres.

1

Denmark, Copenhagen

64 (247)

SP Drug treatment centres; serum.

2



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Germany, 36 (181)

45 (171)

52 (140)

DT AHBc. Inpatient treatment

4

Germany, 35 (181)

42 (171)

63 (140)

DT AHBs. Inpatient treatment

4

Germany, Hamburg

59.6 (6202)

Prisons; screening serum. markers?

18



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Greece, 10.2 (637)

DT/SR Drug treatment centres, self-reported test results.

1

Greece, National

58.0 (255)

52.3 (130)

DT Prison; screening serum. Markers?

10

Greece, Athens

8.6 (35)

DT/SR Prisons; self-reported test results.

1

Greece, Athens and Patras

67.2 (365)

SP Prisons; screening serum.

12



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Spain, National excl. Galicia

59.1 (970)

DT Survey drug treatment centres; HBs Ag or aHBc positive.

3



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

France, 17.5 (775)

SR Needle exchanges; self-reported test results.

3

France, Bordeaux Cayenne Dijon Fort-de France Lille Lyon Marseille Paris Renne La Reunion Toulouse

19.3 (301)

SR Needle exchanges, low threshold services; self-reported test results.

4

France, Toulouse

35.8 (212)

SR Drug treatment centers, low threshold service, prisons, arrests, GPs; self-reported test results. 45.9% unknown status.

14



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

France, Lille

42 (88)

SR Drug treatment centers, low threshold service, prisons, arrests, GPs; self-reported test results. 56.7% unknown status.

14



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Ireland, 18.5 (509)

SP AHBc. Prison inmates; screening saliva; ever-IDUs

4

Ireland, National

17.9 (173)

SP AHBc. Prison entrants; screening saliva; ever-IDUs

2

Ireland, Eastern Regional Health Authority

13.6 (316)

DT Survey GPs: methadone clients, laboratory reports or clinical notes; 13.6% (78/571) non-IDUs, 45% (255/571) missing HBV status.

5



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Ireland, Dublin

28.1 (64)

DT aHBc; Five drug treatment centres: methadone clients, laboratory reports or clinical notes; serum; may include non-IDUs.

6



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, 43.8 (69092)

43.6 (68062)

45.3 (64629)

44.7 (63552)

44.5 (61873)

43.5 (66068)

DT Drug treatment centres; screening serum; 5-10% non-IDUs.

1

Italy, Sardegna Sicilia Calabria Campania Lazio Marche Toscana Emilia Romagna Liguria Friuli Piemonte Puglia

44.7 (6320)

DT HbsAg or antiHBc or antiHBs. Drug treatment centres; sample study in 12 regions; data are for 1998-2000; screening serum.

3

Italy, Piemonte

50.9 (7101)

52.5 (6201)

51.6 (6236)

48.0 (5941)

57.1 (5291)

53.3 (6179)


1

Italy, Valle d’ Aosta

29.8 (94)

43.6 (163)

62.2 (127)

39.3 (135)

18.3 (71)

26.3 (57)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Lombardia

53.6 (14706)

54.0 (13276)

54.0 (13361)

51.9 (13432)

51.5 (12485)

51.2 (12708)


1

Italy, Trentino

14.9 (538)

39.9 (424)

59.7 (496)

56.6 (601)

65.2 (735)

56.7 (480)


1

Italy, Trento

7.4 (421)

4.6 (539)

7.9 (418)

8.1 (434)

5.8 (433)

4.8 (440)

38.7 (315)

35.2 (179)

47 (328)

47.6 (353)

50.5 (368)


1

Italy, Bolzano

66.5 (275)

52.1 (117)

52.3 (132)

56.7 (104)

39.6 (91)

60.2 (98)

43.1 (109)

73.5 (317)

68.1 (273)

81.4 (382)

76.8 (112)


1

Italy, Veneto

49.2 (5677)

49.9 (4844)

47.7 (4462)

49.8 (4376)

40.1 (3564)

36.3 (4452)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Friuli

54.3 (1640)

56.7 (1524)

59.6 (1297)

62.9 (1319)

25.1 (1484)

24.6 (1575)


1

Italy, Friuli

9.4 (202)


3

Italy, Liguria

47.3 (821)

37.3 (1303)

22.8 (1143)

30.7 (1416)

23.6 (1379)

32.5 (2755)


1

Italy, Liguria

32.6 (174)


3



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Emilia Romagna

47.5 (6121)

50.0 (5995)

62.0 (3775)

61.5 (3809)

68.4 (3479)

70.0 (3494)


1

Italy, Emilia Romagna

67.0 (336)


3

Italy, Toscana

32.3 (3170)

43.6 (4116)

45.9 (3737)

43.1 (3815)

40.9 (4586)

47.3 (3697)


1

Italy, Toscana

39.0 (490)


3



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Umbria

25.2 (1088)

27.7 (1282)

19.1 (1128)

23.1 (645)

20.7 (900)

19.2 (1263)


1

Italy, Marche

33.7 (1738)

25.8 (1761)

24.8 (1682)

28.7 (1595)

28.3 (1620

26.7 (1236)


1

Italy, Marche

29.7 (269)


3

Italy, Lazio

25.0 (2925)

40.6 (4150)

43.3 (4039)

41.1 (4104)

41.6 (3859)

41.2 (3716)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Lazio

52.9 (920)


3

Italy, Abruzzo

32.2 (2042)

27.4 (1604)

33.6 (1450)

32.1 (1297)

25.9 (1679)

32.4 (1986)

DT

Drug treatment centres; screening serum; 5-10% non-IDUs.

1

Italy, Molise

32.9 (322)

28.6 (308)

38.1 (181)

33.5 (182)

57.6 (177)

49.5 (93)


1

Italy, Campania

44.4 (6408)

35.7 (6921)

34.5 (6066)

34.1 (7809)

34.6 (6444)

36.1 (8376)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Campania

37.9 (422)


3

Italy, Puglia

37.3 (5824)

36.2 (6667)

42.0 (7141)

43.7 (5787)

41.3 (6373)

43.4 (5670)


1

Italy, Basilicata

33.8 (609)

39.2 (329)

39.2 (451)

26.3 (376)

25.5 (192)

28.7 (275)


1

Italy, Calabria

48.9 (1835)

30.6 (1499)

33.8 (2201)

36.6 (1515)

34.5 (1482)

37.4 (1681)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Calabria

24.0 (263)


3

Italy, Sicilia

29.0 (4071)

25.5 (3622)

33.1 (3106)

28.7 (3456)

39.1 (4263)

27.7 (4500)


1

Italy, Sicilia

24.4 (614)


3

Italy, Sardegna

41.2 (2362)

49.8 (2073)

49.2 (2550)

59.6 (1942)

72.8 (1810)

69.8 (1875)


1



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Italy, Sardegna

49.6 (683)


3



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Luxembourg,

24.1 (253)

30.1 (249)

28.8 (257)

24.9 (337)

SR Drug treatment, low threshold, hospitals and police. Self-reported test results.

1, 3



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Netherlands, Limburg Heerlen/ Maastricht

62.8 (288)

67.5 (206)

SP AHBc: Drug treatment centres, needle exchanges, low threshold services and methadona post; screening serum.

6, 11

Netherlands, The Hague

35.2 (199)

SP AHBc: Drug treatment centres, needle exchanges, low threshold services; screening serum.

9

Netherlands, Rotterdam

60.7 (336)

SP AHBc: Drug treatment centers, methadone post and street; screening saliva.

17



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Austria, Vienna

54.4 (103)

52.8 (72)

42.9 (56)

36.9 (65)

47.4 (57)

38.2 (68)

DT All markers: low threshold services; screening serum.

3

Austria, Lower Austria

64.7 (68)

45 (66)

DT All markers: drug treatment centres; screening serum.

4

Austria, Vorarlberg

50 (10)

24 (33)

22 (27)

22 (41)

48 (29)

25 (32)

48 (27)

DT All markers: drug treatment centres; screening serum.

2



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Portugal, National

28.5 (988)

DT Drug treatment centers; markersn.a.; IDU status unknown prevalence may be too low.

16

Portugal, Lisbon

64.3 (252)

DT AHBc: Study low-threshold services 1998/99, IDU status unknown prevalence may be too low; screening serum.

4

Portugal, Lisbon Xabregas

65.0 (417)

DT Drug treatment centers; markersn.a.; IDU status unknown prevalence may be too low.

18

Portugal, Lisbon Taipas

41.20 (34)

DT AHBs. Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

7



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Portugal, Lisbon Taipas

6.3 (32)


7

Portugal, Lisbon-Taipas

61.2 (307)

DT Drug treatment center; markers n.a.; IDU status unknown prevalence may be too low.

18

Portugal, 39.2 (227)

44.3 (106)

DT AHBs: Drug treatment centres; includes data from public health laboratoryand pregnant IDUs; screening serum.

2

Portugal, Coimbra

40.9 (227)

49.0 (106)

DT AHBc: Drug treatment centres; includes data from public health laboratoryand pregnant IDUs; screening serum.

2



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Portugal, Évora

50.0 (28)

DT AHBs: Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

6

Portugal, Évora

62.5 (32)

DT AHBc: Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

6

Portugal, Santarém

51.5 (66)

DT AHBs: Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

7

Portugal, Santarém

53.7 (67)

DT AHBc: Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

7

Portugal, Sintra

84.20 (19)


7



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Portugal, Sintra

56.30 (16)

DT AHBs. Drug treatment centres; screening serum.

7

Portugal, Setúbal

41.9 (358)

DT Drug treatment center; markers n.a.; IDU status unknown prevalence may be too low. Data 1997-1999.

17



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

Sweden, 57.6 (184)

SP Study in nine Prisons; screening saliva.

5

Sweden, Stockholm

75.0 (913)

?? Setting? Markers?

2



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

UK, England and Wales

34.7 (3289)

33.7 (3407)

29.1 (3421)

22.1 (2842)

22.4 (3424)

18.4 (2669)

22.4 (3363)

19.9 (3730)

21.1 (3423)

21.3 (2936)

SP AHBc: Drug treatment centres, needle exchanges, low threshold services and primary care and outreach; screening saliva.

1

UK, England and Wales excl. London

33.7 (2804)

33.3 (2703)

28.5 (2808)

22.1 (2249)

22.8 (2693)

17.9 (2126)

20.3 (2709)

18.4 (2940)

20.1 (2864)

20.9 (2448)


1

UK, England and Wales excl. London

13.8 (509)

SP AHBc: Community surveys, prisons, current IDUs, screening saliva.

3

UK, England

19.9 (805)

SP AHBc: Prisons, ever IDUs, screening saliva.

4



1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DT/SP /SR**

Setting/ comments

Reference*

UK, London

40.4 (485)

35.2 (704)

32.0 (613)

22.1 (593)

21.6 (731)

20.6 (543)

30.7 (654)

25.6 (790)

25.9 (559)

23.1 (515)


1

UK, London

32.8 (244)

SP AHBc: Community surveys, prisons, current IDUs, screening saliva.

3

UK, London

18.5 (200)

SP AHBc: Community survey, female current IDUs; screening, saliva.

7

UK, 3.2 (46)

2.0 (29)

2.9 (41)

1.5 (22)

1.5 (22)

1.5 (22)

1.6 (24)

DT IDUs undergoing a named HIV test; Laboratory reports of first positive HIV-antibody test.

9

Notes

1. Sample size is the number of positive plus negative tests (total valid tests). Prevalence is number positive divided by total valid tests, excluding missing values. Prevalence from sample size under 50 is not reliable. 2. Self-reported test results for HBV may be unreliable. 3. Saliva tests for hepatitis B antibodies underestimate prevalence. If test sensitivity is known then figures can be adjusted upwards by dividing prevalence by test sensitivity. Figures have not been adjusted. 4. Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. 5. Data sources with no information on injecting status were excluded as far as possible, as such prevalence can severely underestimate prevalence among injectors in the same source. Some such sources were however included if samples were large or they provided trends over time, in which case it is indicated that injecting status is unknown and prevalence among injectors may be underestimated. * See Box 6 OL: Data sources – prevalence (http://annualreport.emcdda.eu.int) for details of the sources. **DT=diagnostic testing; SP=specific prevalence study; SR=prevalence study based on self-reported test results

http://annualreport.emcdda.eu.int

http://annualreport.emcdda.eu.int/en/inserts/olbox06-en.html

statistical table 20: prevalence of antibodies against...

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