static and dynamic analysis of a multi- storied building · in this project a multi-storied...

K RAMYA K , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 193 - 207 , OCT - DEC 2014.

193 – 207

International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering

Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MULTI-

STORIED BUILDING

K RAMYA KRISHNA 1*, CH SURENDRA REDDY 2*

1. II.M.Tech , Dept of CIVIL ENGG, JOGAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

SCIENCES , PALAKOL , AP .

2. Asst .Prof, Dept of CIVIL ENGG, JOGAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

SCIENCES, PALAKOL, AP.

ABSTRACT:

Multi-storied buildings are supposed to be of engineered construction in the sense

that they might have been analyzed and designed to meet the provisions of the relevant

codes of practice and building bye-laws; the construction might have been supervised by

trained persons. In such cases, even if earthquake forces have not been considered

precisely, the structures would have adequate in-built strength and ductility to withstand

some level of earthquake intensity. In this project a multi-storied building of three storey

that is G+3 building is designed for the maximum lateral forces with the help of equivalent

static analysis which is mentioned in IS: 1893-2002, part 1.

The major steps involved in construction of a structure apart from analysis and

design are site selection, survey of the site, orientation of the building. Selection of site

plays a major role in any construction. The factors effecting site selection are topography,

nature of soil, position of ground water table, facilities, neighborhood, vegetation, shape

of the site. Surveying includes preliminary survey and quadratic survey. Levelling of the

site is also done in surveying. Orientation of a building is the proper placement of the

building and its component rooms with respect to the weathering elements. Three

parameters which govern the orientation of the building are temperature, wind and

humidity.

. Moment Resisting Frames rely on the ability of the frame itself to act as a

partially or fully rigid jointed frame while resisting the lateral loads. Due to their flexibility,

moment resisting frames can be used for medium rise buildings having up to ten stories.

Ordinary moment resisting frames doesn't meet special detailing requirements for ductile

detailing.



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

1 . SOFTWARE:

Structural Analysis Program

usually known as SAP is a very powerful

and practical tool for structural design.

SAP2000 Version 14.0.0 follows in the

same tradition featuring a very

sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user

interface powered by an unmatched

analysis engine and design tools for

engineers. SAP2000 is a full-featured

program that can be used for the simplest

problems and it can also be used for or

most complex projects.SAP has many

features comprising of non-linear and

pushover analysis, dynamic analysis,

bridge modelling and design. Apart from

this SAP2000 Version 14.0.0 has many

other features.

From its 3D object based

graphical modelling environment to the

wide variety of analysis and design

options. SAP2000 represents the most

sophisticated and user friendly release all

other computer programs. Creation and

modification of the model, execution of

the analysis, checking and optimization of

the design and production of the output

are all done under a single interface. A

single structural model can be used for a

wide variety of different types of analysis

and design. SAP2000 can be used for all

of our analysis and design tasks. In SAP

2000, Complex Models can be generated

and meshed with powerful Templates

built into the interface which is the major

advantage of this package. Bridge

Designers can use SAP2000 Bridge

Templates for generating Bridge Models,

Automated Bridge Live Load Analysis and

Design, Bridge Base Isolation, Bridge

Construction Sequence Analysis, Large

Deformation Cable Supported Bridge

Analysis and Pushover Analysis. From a

simple small 2D static frame analysis to a

large complex 3D nonlinear dynamic

analysis, SAP2000 is the answer to all

structural analysis and design needs.

Advantages of SAP:

1. It allows easier global integration.

2. It provides real time information.

3. It reduces the possibility of

redundancy errors.

4. It provides a good knowledge like an

expert about building and

implementation of a system.

Disadvantages:



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

1. To implement and use SAP can

be very expensive.

2. CODE BOOKS

Code books play a major role in the

analysis and design of any structure. A

building has to perform many functions

satisfactorily. Amongst these functions

are the utility of the building for the

intended use and occupancy, structural

safety, fire safety and compliance with

hygienic, sanitation, ventilation and

daylight standards. The design of the

building is dependent upon the minimum

requirements prescribed for each of the

above functions. The minimum

requirements pertaining to the structural

safety of the buildings are being covered

in different codes. Code books are

referred to reduce the hazards to life and

property caused by unsafe structures, but

also eliminates the wastage caused by

assuming unnecessarily heavy loadings

without proper assessment.

The code books referred for this project

are:

● IS 456:2000 (reinforced concrete for

general building construction)

● IS 875, part 1, 1987(dead loads for

building and structures)

● IS 875, part 2, 1987(imposed loads for

buildings and structures)

● IS 875, part 3, 1987(wind loads for


● IS 875, part 4, 1987(design loads for


● IS 875, part 5(special loads and

combinations for buildings and

structures)

● SP 16 (design aids for IS 456)

● SP24 (explanatory handbook for IS

456)

● SP34 (handbook on reinforcement and

detailing)

● IS 1893, part 1(A seismic Design Of

Multi-storied Reinforced Concrete

buildings)

● Proposed Draft Provisions and

Commentary on Indian seismic Code IS

1893, part 1, 2002

● Review of Geotechnical Provisions in

Indian Seismic Code IS 1893, part 1:

2002

● Explanatory Examples on Indian

Seismic Code IS 1893, part 1

3. DETAILS OF THE STRUCTURE

Prior to the planning of a residential

building, it is essential for the planner to

consider the following:

1. Size, shape and location of the plot



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

2. Specific requirements of the occupants

3. Fund resources available

4. Locally available materials for

construction.

5. Meteorological conditions of the area

The units which are must for a

residential building are the bedroom,

kitchen, dining hall, w.c and bath and a

stair if more than one storey is needed.

In addition to these, other units like guest

room, drawing room, store room,

verandah etc. All the rooms in a structure

are having a main function to provide

proper ventilation for all the units. The

orientation of the rooms, doors and

windows are placed such that there is

proper ventilation in the building. The

rooms should be comfortable and

spacious. The rooms should get adequate

natural light and breeze. Especially in

kitchen, much illumination provides

safety, clarity, cheerfulness and prevents

fatigue. Hence natural and artificial

illumination is must for any building.

3.1 ELEVATION:

Elevation is a graphical representation, to

some scale, of the features on, near or

below the surface of the earth is projected

on a vertical plane which is represented

by plane of the paper on which elevation

is drawn. Simply, elevation is the front

view of the structure.

Figure 1.1 Elevation of the structure

3.2 PLAN AND ELEVATION OF THE

STRUCTURE:

A plan is a graphical

representation, to some scale, of the

features on, near or below the surface of

the earth is projected on a horizontal

plane which is represented by plane of

the paper on which plan is drawn. Simply,

a plan is the top view of the structure.



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

Figure Plan of the structure

4. GRAVITY LOAD ANALYSIS:

A shear force diagram can be

constructed from the loading diagram of

the beam. In order to draw this, first the

reactions must be determined always.

Then the vertical components of forces

and reactions are successively summed

from the left end of the beam to preserve

the mathematical sign conventions

adopted. The shear at a section is simply

equal to the sum of all the vertical forces

to the left of the section.

When the successive

summation process is used, the shear

force diagram should end up with the

previously calculated shear (reaction at

right end of the beam. No shear force acts

through the beam just beyond the last

vertical force or reaction. If the shear

force diagram closes in this fashion, then

it gives an important check on

mathematical calculations.

The bending moment diagram is

obtained by proceeding continuously

along the length of beam from the left

hand end and summing up the areas of

shear force diagrams giving due regard to

sign. The process of obtaining the

moment diagram from the shear force

diagram by summation is exactly the

same as that for drawing shear force

diagram from load diagram.

GRAVITY LOADS FROM SAP

Figure Bending moment diagram for

gravity loads from SAP.

W

N

E

S



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

GRAVITY LOADS FROM SAP

Figure: Shear force diagram for

gravity loads from SAP.

The complete details of the

residential building have been explained

in this chapter. Location of beams and

columns, grid line marking are clearly

explained. Only gravity loads are taken

into consideration and analysis is done

manually and using a package SAP2000.

Manual analysis comprises of load

distribution of slabs on to beams and

calculation of bending moment and shear

force values by any approximate method.

The steps for analysis by SAP are also

explained in this chapter. The lateral load

analysis is carried out in further chapters

and compared with that of gravity load

analysis.

5. EQUIVALENT STATIC

ANALYSIS:

The objective of seismic analysis is

to access the force and deformation

demands and capacities on the structural

system and its individual components.

ESA can be used to estimate the

displacement demands for structures

where a more sophisticated dynamic

analysis will not be provide additional

insight into behaviour.

When loads are applied to a body,

the body deforms and the effect of loads

is transmitted throughout the body. The

external loads induce internal forces and

reactions to render the body into a state

of equilibrium. For analysing such bodies’

static analysis is used.

ESA determines the displacement,

and forces in a structure or components

caused by the loads that do not induce

significant inertia and damping effects.

ESA can be used to calculate the

structural response of bodies spinning

with constant velocities or travelling with



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

constant accelerations since the

generated loads do not change with time.

Steady loading and response conditions

are assumed in ESA. That is the loads and

the structures response are assumed to

vary slowly with respect to time.

Earthquakes are occasional forces

on structures that may occur rarely

during the lifetime of buildings. It is also

likely that a structure may not be

subjected to severe earthquake forces

during its design lifetime. Even if

earthquake forces have not been

considered precisely, the structures

would have adequate in-built strength

and ductility to withstand some level of

earthquake intensity. The main factors

that should be taken into consideration in

constructing a building with earthquake

forces are as follows:

Zone factor (Z): The varying geology at

different locations in the country implies

that the likelihood of damaging

earthquakes taking place at different

locations is different. Based on the levels

of intensities sustained during damaging

past earthquakes, the 1970 version of

zone map subdivided India into five zones

- I, II, III, IV and V. The Indian Standards

provided the first seismic zone map in

1964, which was later revised in 1967,

again in 1970 and again in 2002. Now it

has only four seismic zones - II, III, IV

and V. The zone factors for different

zones.

Table: Zone factors

Zone II III IV V

Zone factor(Z) 0.1 0.16 0.24 0.36

Soil type: Soils are of different types

namely, soft, medium and hard soils.

Recorded earthquake motions show that

the response spectrum shape varies with

the soil profile at the site. The variation in

ground motion characteristics for

different sites is accounted for by

providing different shapes of response

spectrum for each of the sites.

Importance factor (I): Seismic design

philosophy assumes that a structure may

undergo some damage during severe

shaking. However, critical and important

facilities must respond better in a

earthquake than an ordinary structure.

Importance factor is used to obtain the

design seismic force depending on the

functional use of the structure,

characterized by hazardous

consequences of the risk resulting from



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

its failure. Here, the risk is associated

with hazardous consequences of the

failure of the structure, its post-

earthquake functional need, historic

value and economic importance.

Response reduction factor (R): The

structure is allowed to be damaged in

severe shaking. Hence, structure is

designed for seismic force much less than

what is expected under strong shaking if

the structure were to remain linearly

elastic. A building is expected to undergo

damage in case of strong shaking and

therefore should be detailed for ductility.

Response reduction factor is the factor by

which elastic responses of the structure,

such as base shear and element forces,

generated under the action of earthquake

shaking as specified in IS1893:2002 are

reduced to obtain the design values of the

responses.

6. CALCULATION OF FRAME

LOAD FOR EACH STOREY:

For the calculation of frame loads,

stiffness of each and every frame is

required. In this project the stiffness

values are directly taken from the

software SAP which is used in the design

of the structure.

The stiffness, k, of a body is a measure

of the resistance offered by an elastic

body to deformation. The stiffness is

defined as

k = P/δ

where P is the force applied on the body

and

δ is the displacement produced by the

force along the same degree of freedom

When a graph is plotted between load

applied in X-direction and displacement in

Y-direction, stiffness obtained is linear as

shown in the graph below.

Figure 2.3

Graph for stiffness calculation

The figure 2.3 is taken from a journal

with title "Seismic Strengthening of RC

Frame buildings: The Formal

Quantitative Approach" by C. V. R.

Murty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_field_(mechanics)



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

When a load of 1kN is applied on the top

storey of the frame in lateral direction at

one end, the frame tends to possess a

displacement or deformation at the other

end for the applied load as shown in the

figure below. Then the load per

displacement value gives the stiffness of

that frame which is calculated below. The

displacement of the frame 1 is shown in

figure below.

7. DESCRIPTION:

Torsion is the twisting of an object due to

an applied torque. When the centre of

mass and centre of stiffness of a structure

doesn't coincide, it results in some

eccentricity in one or both directions. This

eccentricity further results in torsion

forces. As per IS 1893:2002 Part1, the

formula for calculating torsion is given by

T = 2

idiii R/xexFxRKi

Where, T = torsion force;

Ki = stiffness of each frame in

both X and Y directions;

Ri = radius of gyration from the

centre of stiffness;

Fi = load on each frame in both X

and Y directions

For calculating the values of torsion for

each frame, firstly centre of mass and

centre of stiffness are to be calculated.

Then eccentricities in both X and Y

directions are calculated as done in 3.3.

7.1 ANALYSIS OF A FRAME:

Building frames are most common

structural form which is in practice.

Usually the building frames are designed

such that the beam column joints are

rigid. Analysis of frames is carried out by

considering planar frame in two

perpendicular directions separately for

both vertical and horizontal loads and

finally superimposing moments

approximately. In this case of building

frames, the beam column joints are

monolithic and can resist bending

moment, shear force and axial force. The

methods available for analysing vertical

loads on frames are

1. Slope deflection method

2. Stiffness method

3. Substitute frame method

In this chapter, we are doing analysis

only for lateral loads. A building frame

may be subjected to wind and earthquake

loads during its life time. Thus, the



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

building frames must be designed to

withstand lateral loads. Analysis of

frames for lateral loads can be done using

different methods mentioned below.

1. Moment Distribution Method

2. Cantilever Method

3. Portal Frame Method

The above mentioned methods are

approximate methods. In this project we

are using portal frame method to analyse

the lateral loads of a frame.

8. LIMIT STATE METHOD:

Working stress method gives satisfactory

performance of the structure at working

loads; it is unrealistic at ultimate state of

collapse. Similarly, the ultimate load

method provides realistic assessment of

safety but doesn't guarantee the

satisfactory serviceability requirements

at service loads. An ideal method is the

one which takes into account not only the

ultimate strength of the structure but also

the serviceability and durability

requirements. The newly emerging limit

state method of design is oriented

towards the simultaneous satisfaction of

all these requirements. In this method, a

structure is designed against safety of

collapse and checked for its serviceability

at working loads, thus rendering the

structure fit for its intended use, thus

limit state method includes consideration

of a structure at both the working and the

ultimate load levels with a view to satisfy

the requirements of safety and

serviceability.

8.1 Types of limit state:

Limit state is a state of impending failure

beyond which a structure tends to

perform its intended function

satisfactorily, in terms of safety and

serviceability. The acceptable limit for the

safety and serviceability requirements

before failure occurs is called a limit state.

Two categories of limit state are

considered in the design.

i. Limit state of collapse

ii. Limit state of serviceability

9 . DESIGN OF STRUCTURE:

The design of structure is done according

to limit state method for compression

members, beams, slabs and footings.

9.1 DESIGN OF SLAB

A Reinforced Concrete Slab is the

one of the most important component in

a building. It is a structural element of

modern buildings. Slabs are supported

on Columns and Beams. RCC Slabs

http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-design-of-rcc-columns/

http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/guide-to-doubly-reinforced-rcc-beam-design/



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

whose thickness ranges from 10 to 50

centimetres are most often used for the

construction of floors and ceilings. Thin

concrete slabs are also used for exterior

paving purpose. In many domestic and

industrial buildings a thick concrete slab,

supported on foundations or directly on

the sub soil, is used to construct the

ground floor of a building. In high rises

buildings and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-

cast concrete slabs are slung between the

steel frames to form the floors and

ceilings on each level.

9.2 DESIGN OF EXTERIOR BEAM

RCC beams are cast in cement

concrete reinforced with steel bars.

Beams take up compressive and add

rigidity to the structure. Beams generally

carry vertical gravitational forces but can

also be used to carry horizontal loads.

The loads carried by a beam are

transferred to columns, walls, or girders,

which then transfer the force to adjacent

structural compression members.

In Lightframe construction the joists rest

on the beam.

RCC beam construction is of two

types:

Singly reinforced beam

Doubly reinforced beam

Singly reinforced beam

A singly reinforced beam is a beam

provided with longitudinal reinforcement

in the tension zone only.

Doubly reinforced beam

Beams reinforced with

steel in compression and tension zones

are called doubly reinforced beams. This

type of beam will be found necessary

when due to head room consideration or

architectural consideration the depth of

the beam is restricted. The beam with its

limited depth, if reinforced on the tension

side only, may not have enough moment

of resistance, to resist the bending

moment. By increasing the quantity of

steel in the tension zone, the moment of

resistance cannot be increased

indefinitely. Usually, the moment of

resistance can be increased by not more

than 25% over the balanced moment of

resistance, by making the beam over-

reinforced on the tension side. Hence, in

order to further increase the moment of

resistance of a beam section of unlimited

dimensions, a doubly reinforced beam is

provided.

9.2 FOOTING:



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

Foundation is the base of any structure.

Without a firm foundation, the structure

cannot stand. That is the reason why we

have to be very cautious with the design

of foundations because our entire

structure rests on the foundation. The

strength of the foundation determines the

life of the structure. Design of foundation

depends on the type of soil, type of

structure and its load. On that basis, the

foundations are basically divided into

Shallow Foundations and Deep

Foundations.

Reinforced Concrete Footings

Footing comprises of the lower end of a

column, pillar or wall which is enlarged

with projecting courses so as to distribute

load. Footings shall be designed to

sustain the applied loads, moments and

forces and the induced reactions and to

ensure that any settlement which may

occur shall be as uniform as possible and

the safe bearing capacity of soil is not

exceeded. In sloped or stepped footings,

the effective cross-section in compression

shall be limited by the area above the

neutral plane, and the angle of slope or

depth and location of steps should be

such that the design requirements are

satisfied at every section

9.3 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Stairs consist of steps arranged in a

series for purpose of giving access to

different floors of a building. Since a stair

is often the only means of communication

between the various floors of a building,

the location of the stair requires good and

careful consideration. In a residential

house, the staircase may be provided

near the main entrance. In a public

building, the stairs must be from the main

entrance itself and located centrally, to

provide quick accessibility to the principal

apartments. All staircases should be

adequately lighted and properly

ventilated.

Various types of Staircases

Straight stairs

Dog-legged stairs

Open newel stair

Geometrical stair

RCC design of a Dog-legged staircase

In this type of staircase, the

succeeding flights rise in opposite

directions. The two flights in plan are not

separated by a well. A landing is provided

corresponding to the level at which the

direction of the flight changes.

Reinforcement Detailing:



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

18-8mmØbars@240mm c-c

24-

12mmØbars@175mm c-c

Figure

Reinforcement detailing of staircase

9. TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS

The modal analysis procedure to

determine the response of a structure to

earthquake induced motion, identical at

all support points of the structure is Time

History Analysis (THA). Response of the

structure can be calculated using

numerical methods (Central Difference

Method, Newmarks Method).

Finding the response of the Multi Degree

Of Freedom structure:

The equation of motion is

[ M ] [ Ü ] + [ C ] [U] +[ K ] [ U ] = -

[ M ] [ Üg ] [ 1 ] (1)

qi(t)+ 2𝛏i 𝛚i qi +𝛚i2 qi(t) = piÜg

(2)

By using numerical methods calculate the

response of the structure with any

number of storeys. By multiplying the

corresponding Eigen vectors we will get

the final response of the structure.

Generally, the first mode of

vibration is one of the primary interests.

The first mode usually has the largest

contribution to the structure’s motion.

Actually infinite numbers of modes are

existing within a building, but these are

less during an earthquake.

The significance of a mode is

indicated by mass participation. This

factor indicates the amount of the total

structural mass that is activated by a

single mode. If all modes of a structure

are considered, the cumulative mass

participation will be 100%. Structures



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

with 80% of the mass in the first mode

will be dominated by the mode shape

only.

Time History Analysis is done in

SAP to get the analysis values and

compare it with static analysis.

10. CONCLUSIONS

The complete details of the

residential building have been explained

in chapter 1. Location of beams and

columns, grid line marking are clearly

explained. Only gravity loads are taken

into consideration and analysis is done

manually and using a package SAP2000.

Manual analysis comprises of load

distribution of slabs on to beams and

calculation of bending moment and shear

force values by any approximate method.

The lateral load analysis is carried out and

compared with that of gravity load

analysis.

In addition to gravity loads,

lateral loads are calculated in this chapter

as per the procedure in IS: 1893-2002;

Equivalent Static Analysis (ESA). Many

factors, such as seismic weight of the

structure, zone factor, importance factor,

response reduction factor, have a great

influence on the structure. Hence all

these factors are taken into consideration

for the calculation of lateral loads. With

the above mentioned factors, the design

base shear is calculated. Later this base

shear is distributed to each floor and then

to each frame of the structure.

Lateral loads, torsion forces also

act on the structure if the structure is not

symmetric. The structure clearly is not

symmetric, that is the centre of mass and

centre of stiffness doesn't coincide. Hence

there is eccentricity in Y-direction.

Therefore torque is developed in the

structure. Due to this torque torsion

forces are developed. As the eccentricity

produced is minimum, the torsion forces

are also minimum. When analysis is done

for any building including torsion, the

bending moment values were almost

similar to that of bending moment values

obtained only for lateral loads. Hence

these torsion forces are negligible and the

design of frame section is done only for

lateral loads.

The last chapter deals with

dynamic analysis. Time History Analysis

is a type of dynamic analysis where

ground motion is required without

applying any lateral loads. Time History

Analysis has been done only in SAP2000



193 – 207


Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 – 6106 , OCT - DEC – 2014.

to check the analysis values with that

obtained from static analysis and to check

the response history that is acceleration,

velocity, and displacement etc of every

node in the structure. Response history

for different ground motions (Uttarkasi,

Chamoli, Bhuj) is done in this chapter.

11. BIBILIOGRAPHY

i) Illustrated Design of Reinforced

Concrete Buildings by Dr. S. R. Karve and

Dr. V. L. Shah

ii) Strength of Materials by S.

Ramamrutham.

iii) Design of Reinforced Concrete

Structures by A. K. Jain

iv) Structural Analysis by V. N. Vazirani,

M. M. Ratwani and S. K. Duggal

v) The code books referred for this

project are:

● IS 456:2000 (reinforced concrete for

general building construction)

● IS 875, part 1, 1987(dead loads for

building and structures)

● IS 875, part 2, 1987(imposed loads

for buildings and structures)

● IS 875, part 3, 1987(wind loads for


● IS 875, part 4, 1987(design loads for


● IS 875, part 5(special loads and

combinations for buildings and

structures)

● SP 16 (design aids for IS 456)

● SP24 (explanatory handbook for IS

456)

● SP34 (handbook on reinforcement and

detailing)

● IS 1893,part 1(Aseismic Design Of

Multi-storied Reinforced Concrete

buildings)

● Proposed Draft Provisions And

Commentary On Indian seismic Code IS

1893, part 1, 2002

● Review Of Geotechnical Provisions In

Indian Seismic Code IS 1893, part 1 :

2002

● Explanatory Examples On Indian

Seismic Code IS 1893, part 1

static and dynamic analysis of a multi- storied building · in this project a multi-storied...

Documents