State of the Program: NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry

Paula BontempiNASA Headquarters

Ocean Color Research Team Meeting1 May 2008

SMD Organization

Chief Scientist (Paul Hertz)DCS for ES (Randy Friedl, moving)

DCS for SS (vacant)

Management &Policy DivisionDir. (R. Maizel)

Deputy (Vacant)

HeliophysicsDivision

Dir. (R. Fisher)Deputy (V. Elsbernd-Act)

AstrophysicsDivision

Dir. (J. Morse)Deputy (R. Howard)

Planetary ScienceDivision

Dir. (J. Green)Dep. (J. Adams)

Associate Administrator (AA) (Ed Weiler, Act)Deputy AA (Chuck Gay)

Deputy AA for Programs(Mike Luther)

Senior Advisor for R & A (Yvonne Pendleton, ?)

Earth ScienceDivision

Dir. (M. Freilich)Deputy (B. Cramer)

Dep - Programs (vacant)

Budget (C. Tupper)

Policy & Administration (G. Williams- Act) Applied Science

(T. Fryberger)

Research (J. Kaye)

Flight (S. Volz)

Mars Program(D. McCuistion)

Draft: March 3, 2008

Senior Advisor for Science Process & Ethics

(no)

Executive Officer(Jens Feeley)

Chief Engineer (K. Ledbetter)

Safety & Mission Assurance(P. Martin)

Special Asst for NEOs and Exploration (Dan Durda)

AAA for Strategy, Policy & International(Marc Allen)

Blue dashed boxes denote individuals who report to other organizations, but support SMD

Senior Advisor(Colleen Hartman, sabbatical)

Earth Science Division

Research Flight Programs Applied Sciences

Michael Freilich, Director

Bryant Cramer, Deputy Director

Vacant, Deputy Director for Programs

Jack Kaye, Associate Director

Lucia Tsaoussi, Deputy Associate Director

Steve Volz, Associate Director

Steve Neeck, Deputy Associate Director (Act.)

Teresa Fryberger, Associate Director

(Vacant), Deputy Associate Director

Nov. 29, 2007 pm

Earth Science Technology Office

(@ GSFC)

George Komar, Associate Director

Amy Walton, Deputy

1 CS Mgmt Analyst, 2 Program Support, 1 Secretary

15 CS Program Scientists, 5 IPA PS, 2 Detailee PS In, 1 Detailee PS Out, 1 Secretary, 1 Einstein Fellow

7 CS Program Executives, 1 IPA PE, 3 Detailee PE In

4 CS Program Officers 9 CS Technologists (badged to GSFC) 1 Secretary

New Measurements

6

Missions in Formulation and Implementation

OSTM6/2008

OCO12/2008

GLORY6/2009

NPP6/2010

AQUARIUS5/2010

LDCM7/2011

GPM6/2013, 11/2014

SMAP2012

ICESat-II2015

SOLAS?

7

Earth Science New Initiative

NEW vs. PREVIOUS (hatched) MISSION PROFILE

Advance Plan:Earth’s Living Ocean: The Unseen World

NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program

Team from April 2005: Michael Behrenfeld, Heidi Dierssen, Paul DiGiacomo, Steve Lohrenz, Chuck McClain, Frank Muller-Karger, Dave Siegel, (Paula Coble)May 2006-October 2006: Posted for Public Comment

Reviewers: Tony Freeman, Norm Nelson, Jim YoderMarch 2007: Briefed to NRC OSBApril 2007: Negotiations with NRC for review (OSB and SSB)September 2007: Comments incorporatedApril 2008: Briefed to NRC SSBApril 2008: Letter drafted for NASA SMAC review

Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program planning document identifies a global ocean mission with enhanced spectral resolution from the UV to SWIR as the top priority future mission.

Measurements will contribute greatly toward achieving all four ocean-related science objectives identified in the NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems roadmap (circled in red, right)

Future Science – A Blank SlateFuture Science – A Blank Slate

1. How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate and environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?

2. How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over time?

3. How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?

4. How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us,

and can we mitigate their effects?

Timeline

MissionThemes

Immediate(1 – 5 Years)

Long-Term(10 - 25 Years)

Near-Term(5 - 10 Years)

Global Separation ofIn-waterConstituents& AdvancedAtmosphericcorrection

High Spatial& TemporalResolutionCoastal

PlantPhysiology& Functional Composition

Mixed LayerDepth

Advanced radiometer & scattering lidar

• 5nm resolution from UV through visible

• Ozone & extended NIR atmosphere bands

• Atmosphere & subsurface particle scattering profiles

Ec

os

yste

ms

Bio

geo

ch

em

istr

y

Hab

itats

Hazard

s

Radiometry, aerosols, and physiology lidar

• Global radiometry system

• Aerosol height & species

• Midnight/noon obs of variable stimulated fluorescence

Ocean radiance and atmosphere aerosols• Advanced radiometer

• Scattering lidar for aerosol speciation

• Polarimeter for global aerosol coverage

•500 m passive resolution

Coastal carbon – GEO

Support analysis of current satellite data

Landsat DCM partnership

Development of suborbital sensor systems

Support analysis of global passive data

• Assess functional groups using hyperspectral data

• Estimate algal carbon & chlorophyll to characterize physiology

Support analysis of global & GEO data

Variable fluorescence lidar constellation•Map physiological provinces at different times of day

• Dawn/dusk variable fluorescence lidar

• Noon/midnight lidar

Synthesis/analysis of observational forecast fields & on orbit remote sensing

Mixed layer model development

Prototype mixed layer sensor development

• field testing of novel approaches for remote detection of mixed layer depth & light availability

Mixed layer depth mission •Space-borne proof-of-concept mission for global mixed layer depth mapping

How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate or environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over time?How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?

How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us, and can we mitigate their effects?

Top Priority Science Question Color Code

Improved management of ecosystem goods and services

Information based policy on greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading

Mapping and assessment of coastal habitats for future development plans and tourism

National security and improved forecasting of natural and human-induced hazards

Example of Benefits to Society

Constellation of imaging spectrometers

• High temporal res

• LEO, MEO or GEO

• Include SAR

Continued deployment of suborbital systems

High-res coastal imager• 20 bands from UV - NIR

• 10 m res – 100 km swath

GEO carbon mission

Deployment of suborbital systems

Bold Green Text Represents Satellite MissionsBold Blue Text Represents Development Activities leading to Missions

Cross-hatch indicates secondary contribution to Mission Theme

GEO partnership

New Measurements

If ACE were to move to the top of the Tier II list of missions,

Launch Readiness Date (earliest) would be 2020.

Venture Class…

Science Questions translate to Observations

Systematic Measurements

NASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice Missions

99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15NPOESS OPS

TOPEX/P.JASONOSTM

AQUARIUS

Directed

Competed

QuikSCAT

GRACE

Beyond OSTM (2008) and Aquarius (2010), there are no approved NASA oceanographic satellite missions

TodayPrimary MissionApproved Extended MissionConditionally Approved Extended Mission

ICESAT

SeaWiFSCommercial

AQUA/MODISTERRA/MODIS

NPP

NASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice MissionsNASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice Missions

99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15NPOESS OPS

Directed

Competed

Beyond OSTM (2008) and Aquarius (2010), there are no approved NASA oceanographic satellite missions

TodayPrimary MissionApproved Extended MissionConditionally Approved Extended Mission

SeaWiFSCommercial

AQUA/MODIS

NPP

Safehold as of 1.3.2008

VIIRS ?

VIIRS Level 1 Requirements

Limits in NASA's role imposed by the Level-1 requirements (2003):

2.1.2.1 The SDS shall be designed with the assumption that the operational IPO IDPS generated NPP EDRs do not require reprocessing or re-computation in order to support climate research needs. Consequently, the SDS will not be designed to routinely generate climate data products which require long-term archival in ADS.

2.1.2.3 In developing the SDS, the Project shall assume that EDRs produced by the IDPS are climate quality and put in place the capability to test that hypothesis in order to contribute to improving the quality of future EDRs. The SDS shall provide suggested algorithm improvements to the IDPS.

Note:

1) The assumption underlying these requirements is demonstrably false, since no satellite sensor has ever produced research-quality data without reprocessing;

2) NASA NPP Project (SDS) funding will not support generation of better products (than the EDRs);

Calls in to question future systematic obs of ocean biological and biogeochemical properties

List not in priority order:1- VisNIR IFA Optical Crosstalk*2- VisNIR ROIC Static Electronic Crosstalk3- VisNIR Dynamic Crosstalk4- LWIR/SMWIR Static Crosstalk and/or

Ghosting5- Gain Switch Noise and Linearity6- Stray Light Contamination7- Reflective Bands Uniformity8- Emissive Bands Calibration9- Relative Spectral Response (RSR)

Measurements – characterization data receipt in a timely fashion

10- End-to-End Calibration (SD-SAS-SDSM)

11- Sensor Stability (Temperature, SC voltage, EMI/EMC)

12- Response Versus Scan (RVS) Angle13- Characterization of Polarization Sensitivity14- Ambient to T/V to On-orbit Spatial

Performance

VIIRS Science Issues

Delay in delivery of VIIRS FU-1 and launch for NPP (eight months)

Need an assessment of the impact the IFA replacement would have on the

new baseline; real technical risk associated with the replacement

procedure; FU-1 ability to meet the Ocean Color (and potentially

aerosol) requirements is severely compromised.

1. Should NPP be delayed, unable to seek changes to VIIRS due to unreasonable risk in opening up the optics module in which the filter resides.

2. Implement changes to VIIRS on NPOESS C1 (1330) to ensure radiometric performance for ocean color, pre-flight test data sets available in a timely/transparent manner.

3. European Space Agency (ESA) - easier access to MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data for U.S., resolve calibration, sensor performance, technical issues. Same for ESA's Sentinel-3, for applications in coastal waters; narrow swath/long revisit time of MERIS, attributes for Sentinel-3, limit utility.

4. Indian Space Research Organization’s (ISRO) Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM-II) OceanSat-2 (Q3 2008). NOAA-NASA to ISRO 21 January. Design of OCM-II more potential for global climate research, details on sensor characterization and calibration

5. Ocean color free-flyer as single agency mission, multi-agency mission, commercial partnership/data-buy. Foreign data streams as supplements to a U.S. capability for climate-quality ocean color observations, but realistic concerning what can afford.

Recognize requirement for dedicated program for calibration/validation; algorithm development, evaluation; data processing, re-processing, distribution, archiving; support for research and operations

Ocean Color Community Letter & Response (NOAA) – December 2007

Systematic Measurements

NASA’s role in NPP Project ends Launch + 6 months

NASA’s Science Data System will only evaluate standard products for use as climate research products; can make

recommendations, but have no direct influence on program, no reprocessing, no data product(ion)

No lunar or vicarious calibration plan for NPP

No NASA NPP Science Team(no ROSES element or budget line)

No role for NASA in NPOESS

Climate Data Records v. Earth System Data Records

• Climate Data Record• A time series of measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change. (NRC, 2004)

The NRC further segmented satellite-based CDRs into:• fundamental CDRs (FCDRs), which are calibrated and quality-controlled sensor data that have

been improved over time, and• thematic CDRs (TCDRs), which are geophysical variables derived from the FCDRs, such as sea

surface temperature and cloud fraction.

• Earth System Data Record• Observations of a parameter of the Earth system optimized to meet requirements to address Earth science questions and to provide for applications.

• Low level and high level products are involved in ESDR’s• Higher level products depend on products such as reflectance and vegetation index.• Hierarchical organization is useful• Need to derive priority from the importance of the end use • Explicit attention to error, uncertainty, and precision is required in definition and production.• Issue of consistency between user sub-groups and ESDR’s – important for the modeling community• Need to consider what will be needed to create the retrospective data record

WHO DOES IT FOR SATELLITE DATA? – NOAA HAS THE FUNDS FY09

Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Focus Area Advance Planning (Management Operations Working Group)

Engage the broad NASA carbon cycle and ecosystems community to reevaluate NASA directions, goals, approaches, and priorities in carbon cycle and ecosystems research.

Responsive to and informing Agency strategic roadmapping considering the NRC Decadal Survey.

Focusing on key science questions for the CC&E focus area

Committee has had a recent meetings and is revising its charge, Co-Chairs selected by Focus Area Lead (Diane Wickland) are John Foley and Michael Behrenfeld (H. Sosik, D. Barber, J. Yoder, P. DiGiacomo, C. DelCastillo)

Vicarious Calibration/Validation Activities:Round Robins/Workshops

Redirection of Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Funds to support new instrumentation in sensor development, ocean color sensor calibration, and data

product validation: next generation research questions require equipment that does not exist (NOPP BAA in September 2007, closed December 2007, proposals

reviewed April 2008)

- Protocols- QA/QC Procedures for Data - Round robins

Ultimately, the international agencies are going to have to implement guidelines for quality assurance as well

• Ocean Optics Protocols – on-going activity• Uncertainties with methods

• IOP Instrument Uncertainties – Paula Bontempi/Stan Hooker/ PM Talk – Sept 2008• how PIs measure instrument performance and uncertainties• data processing• review existing protocols

• HPLC Quantitation in Coastal Waters – SeaHARRE-4 • Go beyond existing dynamic range of SH experiments (0.2-26.2 mg m-3)

• Common AOP Data Processing Interface• Automatic interface for submitting data in common format

• Vicarious Calibration Site Selection + alternatives – NOPP, DS studies• Revisit site selection since 1980’s, BOUSSOLE, BATS, HOT• Other approaches? – sync with ORION studies

** PIs funded via ROSES required to participate in workshops and meetings** •Workshops proposed by community members:

• P. Coble on CDOM – Chapman Conference Planned• Y. Gao on atmospheric deposition of iron to ocean – deferred until FY09?

Vicarious Calibration/Validation Activities:Round Robins/Workshops

ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements

http://nspires.nasaprs.com/- Solicitations- Open Solicitations - Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (20xx)- Click on link to read “Solicitation”- Look at Table 2 – program elements in order of Due Date

TABLE 2:  SOLICITED RESEARCH PROGRAMS (IN ORDER OF PROPOSAL DUE DATES) [1]

APPENDIX PROGRAM NOI/ Step-1 DUE DATE [2] PROPOSAL DUE DATEB.5 Heliophysics Guest Investigators 3/14/2008 5/9/2008

C.9 Jupiter Data Analysis 3/20/2008 5/15/2008A.16 Hurricane Science Research 3/14/2008 5/16/2008C.2 Cosmochemistry [3][4] 3/21/2008 5/16/2008C.4 Planetary Geology and Geophysics [3][4]3/21/2008 5/16/2008A.7 Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction N/A 5/23/2008E.3 Origins of Solar Systems [4] 4/9/2008 5/23/2008C.10 Cassini Data Analysis 4/4/2008 5/30/2008

C.22 Fellowships for Early Career Researchers (current fellows) N/A5/30/2008D.4 Astrophysics Theory and Fundamental Physics 4/4/2008 5/30/2008A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry 4/1/2008 6/2/2008A.25 New Investigator Program in Earth Science Not solicited this yearB.4 Heliophysics Theory Not solicited this year

ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements

A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry1. Scope of Program = Boiler plate2. Description of Solicited Research

2.x – Subtopics that are solicited (e.g. Fisheries)2.x.x – Detailed within each subtopic (e.g., Cod lifecycle)

3. Programmatic Requirements

Read these very carefully! They are your key to not having your proposal thrown in to the Non-Responsive bin and taken out of consideration for funding.

Not standard, but specific to a research program element.

4. Summary of Key Information- Table with summary of duration of awards (up to 4 yrs), funds available,

general information, due dates, where to find key information and get answers on formatting, submission, POC, etc

Amendments are announced via E-mail: do not respond to the announcement text, read the full amendment and note where the paragraph reads," more information on this program element can be found at http://xxx.xx.xx.”

ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements

A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry3. Programmatic Requirements

- All proposals that respond to the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program element must utilize remotely sensed (e.g., ocean color) observations. Research supported under all Subelements is required to address uncertainties and quantify errors.

- Coordinated or linked projects should be proposed separately. Individual efforts may be linked with other projects, and these linkages must clearly and explicitly be called out by all involved proposals and investigators. Investigators should make clear any special requirements, e.g., ship time (investigators should make arrangements directly with ship sponsors), aircraft support (see

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/research/AirSci/), or high-end computing requirements (see Section I(d) of the ROSES Summary of Solicitation).- Funding for these tasks will begin in Fiscal Year 2009. All data collected will be subject to the

standard NASA Earth Science data policy (http://science.hq.nasa.gov/research/daac/datapolicy.html).- Investigators selected will be required to attend the annual NASA Ocean Color Research Team

meeting or equivalent within the United States (e.g., PIs should budget a four day trip to the farthest coast once per year, unless specified otherwise).

- Beginning with ROSES 2008, it will be required to participate in Round Robin/workshop activities if you make measurement such as IOPs, AOPs, etc. To be discussed this PM.

ROSES/NOPP/ECOHAB Requirements

A.6 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry

Of the required sections: please make sure to take care.

Budget justifications must be clear

Quotes for research equipment must be included

Data Submission Policy – remember the one-year requirement; Giulietta Fargion is the OB&B Data Manager and will work with each PI to help submission to SeaBASS within one year of data collection, also the contact for submitting HPLC samples to HPL for analyses