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Standard Summary Project Fiche

Project no: TR 06 03 02

Basic Information

1.1 CRIS Number (Year 1): 1.2 Title: Control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Turkey 1.3 Sector: Agriculture 1.4 Location: Turkey 1.5 Duration: 3 years

2. Objectives

2.1 Overall Objective(s): The overall objective of the project is to eradicate FMD in Turkey to ensure a high level of animal health status like in the EU.

2.2 Project purpose: Control of FMD in Turkey by mass vaccination policy in accordance with other EU control measures such as animal identification, movement and market controls.

2.3 Accession Partnership (AP) and NPAA priority

2.3.1 2005 ACCESSION PARTNERSHIP Short Term Priorities - Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy – Further align the system of animal identification and registration for bovines with EU

requirements and start action in view of the identification of sheep and goats and registration of their movements.

– Adopt a strategy to eradicate the main animal diseases. – Prepare a program for modernising food-processing establishments to meet EU hygiene

and public health standards. – Implement residues and zoonosis control programmes.

Medium Term Priorities - Food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary – Align the veterinary, food safety, and phytosanitary legislation. – Build up the necessary administrative capacity to implement the veterinary, phytosanitary

and food legislation. – Establish animal identification and registration system for sheep and goats in line with the

EU requirements. – Upgrade agri-food processing establishments so that they are in a position to respect EU

food safety standards and legislation. Modernise dairy farms. – Implement food safety control systems – Set up a system of collections of cadavers and treatment of animal by-products.

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– Implement eradication plans for the main diseases – Align the system of plant variety registration with EU requirements.

2.3.2 NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE ACQUIS (Official Gazette Dated 24 July 2003 No. 25178 bis) PRIORITY 7.2 Alignment to the Veterinary Acquis

Priority Description

The harmonization process in the veterinary field is based on the Veterinary Project carried out under the 2002 Financial Cooperation Program. In the Veterinary Project, veterinary legislation, animal health, disease surveillance, control and eradication, veterinary information systems, veterinary border inspection posts, veterinary public health and animal welfare were identified as priority areas. Meanwhile, the Veterinary Framework Law, which is a prerequisite of the Twinning project, is being prepared through the technical assistance provided by the Administrative Cooperation Program. The Veterinary Framework Law will establish the legal basis, for the transposition of main EU regulations, directives and decisions into the Turkish legal system.

In the field of animal health, technical facilities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will be improved to carry out the monitoring of the OIE list A and B diseases. In addition, national control and eradication programs will be prepared, and the facilities and diagnosis infrastructure of the veterinary laboratories will be improved. For the Blue tongue disease an action plan will be prepared, which will set the basis for the other diseases in the list A of the OIE.

A Veterinary Information System supporting the system on identification and registration of bovine animals, control of animal movements and disease control programmes and containing notification systems such as ANIMO, ADNS and SHIFT will be established. As a result, a network will be set up that will enable information exchange between the central and local organizations of MARA and border inspection posts, laboratories, slaughterhouses and major markets.

2.3.3 2005 REGULAR REPORT {COM (2005) 561 final} 9 November 2005, SEC (2005) 1426

Chapter 12 (page 80):

Efforts have been observed concerning animal diseases control measures. For foot and mouth disease (FMD) a vaccination campaign has been implemented, new actions need to be organised in the context of a global strategy for the control of this crucial disease. In addition vaccination campaigns have been implemented against brucellosis, sheep and goat plague, anthrax, sheep and goat pox, bluetongue, Newcastle disease and rabies. Furthermore, an animal disease strategy for controlling the World Organisation for Animal Diseases (OIE) List-A diseases, has been prepared. Efficient implementation is however linked to the implementation of veterinary control systems.

2.4 Contribution to National Development Plan Not applicable.

2.5 Cross Border Impact As being non-CBC project, it has no direct cross border impact. In the end of the project the number of FMD cases among the bovine and ovine animals will be decreased, which will also minimise the possibility of spreading of the disease to neighbouring countries and subsequently to Europe.

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3. Description

3.1 Background and justification: FMD is the most important Office International des Epizooties (OIE: World Organization for Animal Health) List A disease due to its effect on trade. In the past, the disease has ravaged European livestock, but has been gradually brought under control. However FMD remained and is still endemic in Anatolia which appears to be potential source of sporadic outbreaks in the Balkans and threat to Europe.

FMD has serious economic effects for Turkey and also constitutes a persistent danger of infection to the entirely susceptible livestock population of the European Union. Turkey has been trying to control FMD by general vaccination policy since 1967, despite the national efforts of Turkey and the technical and financial assistance provided by international organisations, the attempts made to control FMD in Turkey over many years have met with only limited success due to the fact that the vaccination coverage was not enough to control the disease totally (Annex 7). Notable freedom has been achieved for significant periods in the geographically isolated region of Thrace, but elsewhere throughout the Anatolian peninsula the disease remains endemic and new types and strains of virus continue to gain access, principally from the East (Annex 7).

Republic of Turkey is aligning the system of the control of animal contagious diseases with the systems valid at present in the EU member states. At the same time Turkey is in the process of aligning of the national legislation on the FMD with the provisions of the EU Veterinary Acquis. The movement toward Turkish membership of the European Union gives increased emphasis to the need for more effective control of the disease in the region.

Existing Turkish legislation which covers the provisions on FMD, the Law No: 3285 on Animal Health and Control is not line with the relevant EU legislation. To align with Council Directive 2003/85/EC on Community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease, a draft FMD Regulation has been prepared and will be enacted after Veterinary Framework Law has entered into force, which will be sent to the Parliament for adoption in early 2006.

A Working Group Meeting on Animal Diseases between the Commission services and Turkish officials took place in Ankara, Turkey on 15th-16th March 2005 and the agreed conclusions of the meeting are given in Annex 8. A pre-accession programme on FMD for 2006 and a pre- accession programme on PPR for 2007 covering the actions to be proposed by the MARA have been defined as priorities. The Working Group has agreed on a three years action for FMD and decided to regionalize Turkey as Thrace and Anatolia in order to achieve the objectives defined. The actions decided comprise vaccination, sero surveillance, control measures and cleaning and disinfection.

3.2 Sectoral rationale

Necessary political commitment was already declared in the National Programme with the provision of all the resources essential to implement fully the existing strategies which are prerequisites in order to achieve the medium term objective of control and to move towards the longer term objective of eradication. Therefore timely support from the EU will be extremely valuable in the expeditious achievement of these objectives.

This project will help controlling the disease in the Anatolia region of Turkey and eradicating the disease in the Thrace region. After the implementation of this project a follow up project for the eradication of the disease countrywide should be implemented on the basis of the programme prepared by the implemented project Support to the Alignment of Turkey to the

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EU Veterinary Acquis and this project. An ADNS and TRACES system will be established by that time and the follow up project will also support data access to the system.

The aim of vaccination and surveillance programme in Thrace region

The aim of the Republic of Turkey is to achieve the status of being FMD free with vaccination in Thrace by 2010. To attain this goal, the present programme will first establish regionalization of Turkey as Thrace and Anatolia in order to maintain the free status of Thrace and to prevent animal movement from Anatolia. Second, vaccination of sheep and goat at a level of 100 % once a year will be targeted which was not considered previously. Identification and registration system for bovine animals will be operational by the start of the first vaccination campaign. The same rule will apply for ovine and caprine animals in Thrace. However, ovine and caprine animals in Anatolia, simultaneous action of identification is envisaged to be done during vaccination.

The aim of vaccination and surveillance programme in Anatolia

In Anatolia, Republic of Turkey’s aim is to ensure 100 % vaccination of ruminant population. Identification and registration system for bovine will also be operational.

3.3 Results 1. Thrace region is recognized as officially FMD free by OIE.

2. The disease is taken under control in Anatolia with a high level of immunization of the main susceptible species.

Benchmark: Thrace has been free from FMD 2002 despite not being officially recognized by OIE. Anatolia is still in endemic situation and detailed FMD situation is given in Annex 7. Currently vaccination coverage is approximately 50 % for bovine and less than 10 % for sheep and goats (Annex 7). Control of FMD among bovine sheep and goats in Turkey, acquire OIE recognized free status with vaccination in Thrace, ensure a level of more than 90 % vaccination for bovine, sheep and goats in Anatolia, and adopting EU control measures on FMD in Turkey.

Indicators of achievement:

- At the end of the project in 2010, OIE recognized free status with vaccination in Thrace will be acquired,

- Level of more than 90 % vaccination for bovine, sheep and goats in Anatolia will be realized.

- Council Directive 2003/85/EC on Community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease and FMD contingency plan will be fully operational by the end of project.

3.4 Activities (including Means)

The actions will comprise vaccination, sero surveillance, control measures and cleaning and disinfection. Activities will be carried out through supply of laboratory equipment,

3.4.1. Supply of vaccines- Vaccination campaigns:

A FMD vaccination campaign for bovine and ovine animals will be carried out under the control of the official veterinarians for 3 years to control the disease. These campaigns will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and implemented by the Provincial Authorities. Their administration to bovine and ovine animals will be carried out by the veterinarians working for the 81 province directorates or municipalities and private veterinarians. The administration cost of the vaccines is not included in project budget. The

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vaccines procured will be delivered to province directorates by the contractor following the instructions of the Central Competent Authority. The number of doses which will be delivered to the provincial directorates will be decided by the Central Competent Authority on the basis of the total number of animals in each province. The delivery of the vaccines to the provincial directorates will be carried out under cold chain before the implementation of each vaccination campaign. The storage of the vaccines under cold chain will be the responsibility of the provincial directorates throughout the vaccination campaign. The excessive doses will be stored and reported to the Central Competent Authority at the end of each vaccination campaign.

Supply of vaccines to obtain result no. 1 - vaccination campaign in Thrace: Procurement and transportation of 3 million doses of bivalent FMD vaccines for bovine animals and 2.7 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for ovine animals.

a) The approach for bovine animals: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines will be carried out. 450 000 doses of bivalent vaccines for each campaign will be procured without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of occurrence of a new strain.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: Each year one campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats will be carried out. 850 000 doses of bivalent vaccines for sheep and goats will be procured for each campaign without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of occurrence of a new strain.

Supply of vaccines to obtain result no. 2 - vaccination campaign in Anatolia: Procurement and transportation of 40 million doses of bivalent FMD vaccines and 13 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for bovine animals and 55 million doses of bivalent vaccines and 35 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for ovine animals.

a) The approach for bovine animals: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines will be carried out. 6.6 million doses of bivalent vaccines (A and O) and 2.1 million doses of trivalent vaccines (A, O and Asia 1) for each campaign are foreseen, without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: Each year one campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats will be carried out. 17 million doses of bivalent vaccines and 11 million doses of trivalent vaccines are foreseen for each campaign without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain.

Supply of vaccination equipment to obtain result no. 1, 2 - vaccination campaign in Thrace and Anatolia: In each year of the project, 1.000.000 pieces of needles and 340.000 pieces injectors for bovine, 900.000 pieces of needles for sheep and goat vaccination in Thrace region will be procured. Moreover 17.000.000 pieces of needles and 6.000.000 pieces injectors for bovine, 30.000.000 pieces of needles for sheep and goat vaccination in Anatolia will be procured in each year of the project. Means/Inputs

3 supply contracts for each year (each contract will be divided into 3 lots for vaccines and vaccination equipment)

3.4.2. Supply of equipment – Sero-surveillance and control measures:

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Procurement of sampling and testing kits and reagents for sero-surveillance as regards FMD to identify the level of immunization. The sero-surveillance studies will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and samples will be collected by the official veterinarians working for the provincial directorates or municipalities and the tests will be carried out by the FMD Institute. To increase the efficiency of the vaccination campaign control measures will be taken

Supply of equipment to obtain result no. 1 – sero-surveillance in Thrace: a) The approach for bovine animals: Evaluation of the survey design for the detection of

virus circulation has already been made by the EUFMD (sample size). 9600 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for virus circulation will be carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical parameters are the same as for the bovines. The total number of samples shall be 9600, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

Control measures which will be taken by the Competent Authority:

Only slaughter of animals (bovines, sheep and goats) directed to slaughterhouses will be authorized for movement from Anatolia into Thrace. This movement will be regulated in accordance with paragraph 1 to 5 of the article 2.2.10.8 of the OIE Animal Health Code (Annex 6). By derogation, during sacrifice festival (Kurban Bayramı), movements to designated collection centres and designated slaughter places will be authorized. This derogation will be applied only for a limited period of time strictly necessary for the purpose of this event.

Supply of equipment to obtain result no. 2 – sero-surveillance in Anatolia: a) The approach for bovine animals: Evaluation of the survey design for the detection of

virus circulation has already been made by the EU FMD (sample size). 30 000 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for virus circulation; carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical parameters the same as bovines. The total number of samples shall be 30.000 collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

Means/Inputs

1 supply contract

3.4.3. Supply of material – Cleansing and Disinfection:

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Procurement of cleansing and disinfection material to be used by the provincial directorates for 3 years. Cleaning and disinfection following FMD outbreaks and animal markets and slaughterhouses will be ensured to increase the efficiency of vaccination campaign and control measures. Also cleaning and disinfection of the site and vehicles shall be ensured at all places where animals are collected and slaughtered.

Means/Inputs

1 supply contract

3.5 Linked Activities: 2002 Matra/PSO Training Project- The activities of the project started in January 2002 and within the scope of the project the personnel responsible for the I&R working for the 81 provincial directorates and district directorates, slaughterhouses, animal markets and animal bourses were trained. Turkish legislation in alignment with EU legislation has been adopted and since then 11.890.127 bovine animals and 2.240.576 holdings have been recorded in the database. Project Number -TR 0203.05 -“Support to the Alignment of Turkey to the EU Veterinary Acquis”: The objective of the project is to support the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in aligning to the relevant EC standards of veterinary legislation and activities in the fields of animal health, veterinary public health and animal welfare. The project includes:

• Animal Health Component, • Inspection System, Veterinary Information System, Disease Surveillance, Control

and Eradication • Veterinary Public Health Component • Animal Welfare Component

Within the scope of above-mentioned project the Contingency Plan for FMD has been prepared and the draft FMD regulation has been prepared to be published after the entry into force of the Veterinary Framework Law.

A pilot project “Management of FMD surveillance and control measures” has been proposed to Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations to be financed from the Trust Fund and the duration of the project is designed as 24 months covering the period between 1/2006 and 12/2007. The project is covering epidemiologically significant Provinces in eastern Anatolia, especially where risk of FMD entry and onward spread namely Ardahan, Kars, Van; Kars, Agri, Igdir, Hakkari and Sirnak, Erzurum (because of onward spread). The purpose of the project is to establish into operation FMD management and monitoring systems that meet requirements for GoT FMD eradication strategy (and which address stakeholders participation issues in FMD control). The outputs of the project will be

- Functional FMD surveillance and outbreak investigation unit with operational capacity for monitoring reporting rates, epizootic spread and delivery and impact of vaccination and other control measures

- Delivery procedures and modalities identified that enable campaigns to overcome vaccine delivery constraints and meet campaign targets;

- Regional and provincial consultative procedures in place to enable stakeholders to participate in solving problems associated with FMD eradication strategy

- Communications capacity in place and operational to address requirements for disease reporting and uptake /compliance with control measures;

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3.6 Lessons learned: Many studies directly related to this Phare project were carried out within the scope of above-mention project, TR 0203.05. First, releasing a strategy paper describing how to control important animal diseases and areas in which reforms have to be implemented was the most important among them. These areas identified as policy, administration, animal ID and movement control, market and trade control, compensation schemes, vaccination policies. Second, development of a FMD contingency plan was crucial milestone in terms of being first against an animal disease in Turkey. During the preparation, members of working group gained many experiences and identified the potential gaps for the implementation. Although it is still under some revisions, it will be operational by the end of this Phare and have application potential for the control of exogenous FMD types and subtypes during this Phare. Third, the analyses of economical losses due to FMD, financial appraisal and long term benefits of FMD eradication was also studied in TR 0203.05 (Annex 4). Through a training program, overall picture of the FMD diagnosis laboratory operated under EU FMD legislations were understood in terms of its biosecurity conditions, quality systems, GLP, some routine laboratory tests and other laboratory tests. Finally, the draft FMD regulation has been prepared to be published after the entry into force of the Veterinary Framework Law.

4. Institutional Framework The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (General Directorate of Protection and Control) will be the Turkish co-ordinator of the project. The direct beneficiaries involved in this project are two institutions within the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:

- Animal Health Office (under GDPC-MARA):

The Animal Health Section is responsible for the co-ordination and implementation of the legislation governing veterinary medicine, food safety and animal protection, as well as state supervision and enforcement. This includes the inspection of live animals, producers and processors of food as well as of wholesale services and transport. The Animal Health Section is also the competent authority in the field of animal health and responsible for FMD control in Turkey. Elaboration and general coordination of implementation FMD eradication programme is responsibility of the central authority of the Animal Health Section. The 81 provincial veterinary office directorate, responsible for animal health in local level, coordinate implementation of programme. Veterinary officials (81) working for Animal Health Section take samples and send them to Foot and Mouth Disease Institute (SAP Institute).

- Foot and Mouth Disease Institute (SAP Institute)

Department of diagnosis is responsible for testing FMD suspected field samples, antibody to structural proteins of FMDV to measure protective immune response and antibody to non-structural proteins of FMDV to figure out disease prevalence, analysing of serological data and antigenic and phylogenetic characterization of field isolates. SAP Institute registers samples, makes necessary examinations and reports results to field units and Animal Health Section of MARA. Analysing of the results and communication with international reference laboratories are also responsibilities of the SAP Institute.

A steering committee will be established within the project and will meet and monitor the project implementation. The committee will be composed of MARA-GDPC, SAP Institute, MARA EU Coordination Department, European Commission Delegation in Ankara, Central Finance and Contacts Unit and NGO representatives. The committee will meet on quarterly basis and will be chaired by GDPC. A task force will be established and will attend the

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meetings of steering committee and will follow the project implementation. The task force is composed of Team Leader, 2 Expert of Animal Health Department, FMD Expert and FMD Epidemiologist.

Within the project vaccines will be procured and administered to control General Directorate of Protection and control (GDPC) and FMD in Turkey. The inactivated vaccines will be delivered to 81 province directorates by the contractor and they will be administered to animals by the veterinarians working for province, district directorates and municipalities. To monitor the progress in controlling the disease, task force will follow sero-surveillance results and make recommendations.

5. Detailed Budget

Pre-

Accession Instrument support

Co-financing

Total Cost

€

National Public Funds (*)

Other Sources (**)

Total Co-financing of Project

Year 2006 - Investment support jointly co funded

3 Supply Contracts – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

48.525.750 16.175.250 - 16.175.250 64.701.000

Supply Contract – Sero-surveillance Equipment

327.600 109.200 - 109.200 436.800

Supply Contract – Cleaning and Disinfection Material

225.000 75.000 - 75.000 300.000

Investment support – sub-total

49.078.350 16.359.450 - 16.359.450 65.437.800

Year 2006 Institution Building support

- - - - -

IB support - - - - -

Total project 2006 49.078.350 16.359.450 - 16.359.450 65.437.800

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1. All investment sub-projects supported by the pre-accession fund must

receive co-financing from national public funds. Minimum requirement for co-financing from national public funds is 25% of the combined PHARE and national contributions to the overall investment support.

2. Many Institution building projects will also have a degree of co-financing – this should be quantified and included wherever possible.

3. Expenditure related to equipment (regulatory infrastructure or ESC- related) and to Technical Assistance supporting investment (e.g. pre feasibility study / supervision of works / technical specifications) should be considered as Investment support in the project fiche.

4. All co-financing must be provided on a joint basis. Parallel co-financing will, in a principle, not be accepted. Exceptions to this rule have to be agreed with the Commission in advance.

5. All co-financing should be clearly quantified, also the degree of certainty of such co financing (i .e. for National Public Funds: is it already earmarked in local or national budget, for FIs Loans, private funds: are they already approved/ under appraisal, etc..).

6. Where parallel co financing is accepted and justified per exception to the normal rule it should be provided in monetary form. If this is not possible there should be clear criteria set out for the valuation of any non-monetary contributions (that should be quantified in the table)

7. If twinning is involved, clearly state the expected budget of the twinning covenant

8. The financial engineering of the project should be closely monitored against actual delivery during implementation and against the objectives that were set in the project fiche so that corrective actions may be taken where required.

6. Implementation Arrangements

6.1 Implementing Agency

The CFCU will be the implementing agency and will be responsible for all procedural aspects of the tendering process, contracting matters and financial management, including payment of project activities. The Director of the CFCU will act as PAO of the project. His contacts are:

Mr. Muhsin Altun Programme Authorising Officer Central Finance and Contracts Unit Tel: + 90 312 472 37 00 Fax: + 90 312 472 37 44 e-mail: muhsin.altun@cfcu.gov.tr

The details of the beneficiary of the project are as follows: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs General Directorate of Protection and Control Dr. Durali KOÇAK Acting General Director Tel: 00.90.312.425 77 89 - 425 51 96 e-mail: duralik@kkgm.gov.tr

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6.2 Twinning Not applicable.

6.3 Non-standard aspects Practical Guide to Contract Procedures Financed from the EC General Budget in the context of External Actions will be strictly followed.

6.4 Contracts There will be 5 supply contracts. 3 supply contracts for each year (each contract will be divided into 3 lots for vaccines and vaccination equipment). The values of the 3 contracts are given at point 5.

7. Implementation Schedule

ToR’s/Technical Specifications

Start of Tendering/ Call for proposals

Start of Project Activities

Project Completion

Supply Contract 2007– Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

June 2006 September 2006 March 2007 June 2007

Supply Contract 2008 – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

June 2007 September 2007 March 2008 June 2008

Supply Contract 2009 – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

June 2008 September 2008 March 2009 June 2009

Supply Contract – Sero-surveillance Equipment

September 2006 January 2007 June 2007 August 2007

Supply Contract – Cleaning and Disinfection Material

September 2006 January 2007 June 2007 August 2007

8. Equal Opportunity

MARA is an equal opportunity employer. Selection of staff and other personnel to work on the projects will be based on objective assessments of qualification and experience, without regard to gender.

9. Environment Environmental issues can be considered in the widest sense – with the control of FMD the effect on the environment will be achieved through the better fulfilment of requirements by the relevant institutions.

10. Rates of return Benefit/cost analysis of FMD control and eradication have been completed by GDPC and SAP Institute and summarized in below table. The calculations are made with the assumption of three phases (see Annex 4):

1. Stable endemic phase (SEP) from 1996 to 2003,

2. Eradication phase (EP) from 2006 to 2013 and

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3. Free phase (FP) from 2014 to 2021

The calculation of the costs in the different phases is made on the basis of the assumptions as given in Annex 4. The eradication phase assumes a vaccination of the entire FMD susceptible livestock population (cattle, sheep and goat) for three years followed by strategic vaccinations (only cattle and risk areas) for 5 years.

Table 1: Costs of the phases:

PHASES COST DUE TO FMD (€)

STABIL ENDEMIC PHASE (1996-2003) (SEP) 112,832,785

ERADICATION PHASE (2006-2013) (EP) 230,434,830

FREE PHASE (2014-2021) (FP) 20,679,956

The Benefit/Cost relation is for SEP/EP: 0, 49 and for SEP/FP: 5.45. Moreover benefit from free international trade of animal and animal products in FP is not added to this ratio. Other uncalculated benefit could be the reduced risk of FMD spread for European countries.

11. Investment criteria (applicable to all investments)

11.1 Catalytic effect Phare support is essential for further eradication of FMD in accordance to the programme prepared by the project TR 0203.05. As explained in Annex 4, the eradication of the diseases constitutes a substantial economic and financial burden to Turkey and if it is not eradicated the disease will continue to threaten neighbouring countries which are free of disease, namely Greece and Bulgaria and all over Europe.

11.2 Co-financing The project is financed jointly by EU and the Turkish Government. The Turkish Government will provide 25 % of co-financing of the investment support. 75 % of the total investment will be financed from EU budget.

11.3 Additionality

This project is not a substitute for grant funding from private sector sources.

11.4 Project readiness and size The beneficiary will complete implementation documents needed namely technical specifications for supply contracts and meet all the conditionalities described in section 12.

11.5 Sustainability The project has a long-term sustainability since the proper animal health status in the country with respect to the FMD will enable proper animal health protection after the accession of Turkey to the EU. The competent authority will gain experience regarding the further eradication efforts of FMD and other animal diseases with the implementation of this project. The experience gained will enable the implementation of control measures and FMD contingency plan. The utilization of national resources to control diseases will be explored for future eradication of animal diseases.

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11.6 Compliance with state aids provisions Project complies with the state aid provisions

12. Conditionality and sequencing Before launching the Vaccination Campaign Supply Contract, MARA should provide adequate preparation (cold storage) of the provincial directorates that are going to receive the vaccines.

Before 2006 sacrifice festival, control measures for Thrace and Anatolia will be operational.

Before 2006 sacrifice festival, designated slaughter places and collection centres will be established in Thrace by MARA.

Before spring 2007 the minimum rules for the identification and registration of sheep and goats will be in place.

The project will be run for 3 consecutive years, 2007, 2008 and 2009. While 2006 is a preparative year, 2010 will be an evaluation year.

ANNEXES TO PROJECT FICHE 1. Logframe in standard format

2. Detailed implementation chart

3. Contracting and disbursement schedule , by quarter, for full duration of project

4. The Executive Summaries of Economic and Financial Appraisal of FMD Eradication: Calculation of Costs

5. Reference list of relevant laws and regulations

6. Reference list of relevant strategic plans and studies (may include institution sector strategies, development plans, business development plans, etc)

7. Detailed Information Regarding the Disease Situation and Implemented Control Eradication Programmes

8. Agreed Conclusions of the Working Group Meeting on Animal Diseases

Annex 1- Logical Framework Contracting period expires November 2009

Disbursement period expires November 2009 LOGFRAME PLANNING MATRIX for

CONTROL OF FMD IN TURKEY Total budget: 65.437.800 EUR

PHARE Contribution: 49.078.350 EUR

Overall Objective Objectively Verifiable Indicators Sources of Verification

The overall objective of the project is to eradicate FMD in Turkey to ensure a high level of animal health status like in the EU.

The rate of gradual decrease in FMD prevalence between years 2008-2011 in Anatolia and OIE recognized FMD free statue with vaccination in Thrace in 2010.

Commission Regular Reports in 2006 onwards

OIE certificate for Thrace FMD free status with vaccination

OIE monthly records in year

MARA Documentation

Project Purpose Objectively verifiable indicators Sources of Verification Assumptions

Control of FMD in Turkey by mass vaccination policy in accordance with other EU control measures such as animal identification, movement and market controls.

At the end of the project in 2010, OIE recognized free status with vaccination in Thrace will be acquired,

Level of more than 90 % vaccination for bovine, sheep and goats in Anatolia will be realized.

FMD Council directive 2003/85/EC and FMD contingency plan will be

Records of GDPC Communiqués

published Project monitoring

reports

Commitment towards Turkish accession to EU continues

Enforced control measures are properly implemented

Public awareness concerning FMD increased

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fully operational by the end of project.

Gradual decrease in the prevalence of FMD between years 2005-2008

Protective antibody levels in animals due to vaccination

The control measures enforced within the project life time

Results Objectively verifiable indicators

Sources of Verification Assumptions

1. Thrace region is recognized as officially FMD free by OIE.

2. The disease is taken under control in Anatolia with a high level of immunization of the main susceptible species.

OIE certification for Thrace

declaring free of FMD with vaccination

Gradual decrease in the number of FMD outbreaks

Number of NSP (+) animals Number of vaccinated

animals Number of protected animals

- Monitoring Committee Reports

- Information on GDPC web page

- Regular Project reports - Reports of FMD task

force - Documentation of

MARA - Laboratory analysis

reports

Commitment towards Turkish accession to EU continues

Enforced control measures are properly implemented

Public awareness concerning FMD increased

Veterinary Framework Law in force.

Activities Means Assumptions

The actions will comprise vaccination, sero surveillance, control measures and cleaning and disinfection. Activities will be carried out through supply of laboratory equipment,

3.4.1. Supply of vaccines- Vaccination campaigns:

A FMD vaccination campaign for bovine and ovine

3 supply contracts for each year (each contract will be divided into 3 lots for vaccines and

64.701.000 €

sheep and goat identification and registration system is operational

storage facilities for vaccines are available

Before 2006 sacrifice festival, control measures for

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animals will be carried out under the control of the official veterinarians for 3 years to control the disease. These campaigns will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and implemented by the Provincial Authorities. Their administration to bovine and ovine animals will be carried out by the veterinarians working for the 81 province directorates or municipalities. The administration cost of the vaccines is not included in project budget. The vaccines procured will be delivered to province directorates by the contractor following the instructions of the Central Competent Authority. The number of doses which will be delivered to the province directorates will be decided by the Central Competent Authority on the basis of animal numbers in each province. The delivery of the vaccines to the province directorates will be carried out under cold chain before the implementation of each vaccination campaign. The storage of the vaccines under cold chain will be the responsibility of the province directorates throughout the vaccination campaign. The excessive doses will be sent back to the Central Competent Authority at the end of each vaccination campaign.

Supply of vaccines to obtain result no. 1 - vaccination campaign in Thrace: Procurement and transportation of 3 million doses of bivalent FMD vaccines for bovine animals and 2.7 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for ovine animals.

a) The approach for bovine animals: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines will be carried out. 450 000 doses of bivalent vaccines for each campaign will be procured without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of

vaccination equipment)

Thrace and Anatolia will be operational.

slaughter places designated and collection centres established in Thrace by MARA.

17

occurrence of a new strain. b) The approach for sheep and goats: Each year one

campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats will be carried out. 850 000 doses of bivalent vaccines for sheep and goats will be procured for each campaign without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of occurrence of a new strain.

Supply of vaccines to obtain result no. 2 - vaccination campaign in Anatolia:

Procurement and transportation of 40 million doses of bivalent FMD vaccines and 13 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for bovine animals and 55 million doses of bivalent vaccines and 35 million doses of trivalent FMD vaccines for ovine animals.

a) The approach for bovine animals: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines will be carried out. 6.6 million doses of bivalent vaccines (A and O) and 2.1 million doses of trivalent vaccines (A, O and Asia 1) for each campaign are foreseen, without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: Each year one campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats will be carried out. 17 million doses of bivalent vaccines and 11 million doses of trivalent vaccines are foreseen for each campaign without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain.

18

Supply of vaccination equipment to obtain result no. 1, 2 - vaccination campaign in Thrace and Anatolia: In each year of the project, 60.000 pieces of needles and 18.000 pieces injectors for bovine, 54.000 pieces of needles for sheep and goat vaccination in Thrace region will be procured. Moreover 1.055.000 pieces of needles and 200.000 pieces injectors for bovine, 1.710.000 pieces of needles for sheep and goat vaccination in Anatolia will be procured in each year of the project. 3.4.2. Supply of equipment – Sero-surveillance and control measures:

Procurement of sampling and testing kits and reagents for sero-surveillance as regards FMD to identify the level of immunization. The sero-surveillance studies will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and samples will be collected by the official veterinarians working for the provincial directorates or municipalities and the tests will be carried out by the FMD Institute. To increase the efficiency of the vaccination campaign control measures will be taken

Supply of equipment to obtain result no. 1 – sero-surveillance in Thrace: a) The approach for bovine animals: Evaluation of the

survey design for the detection of virus circulation has already been made by the EUFMD (sample size). 9600 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to

1 supply contract

436.800 €

19

non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for virus circulation will be carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical parameters are the same as for the bovines. The total number of samples shall be 9600, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

Control measures which will be taken by the Competent Authority:

Only slaughter of animals (bovines, sheep and goats) directed to slaughterhouses will be authorized for movement from Anatolia into Thrace. This movement will be regulated in accordance with paragraph 1 to 5 of the article 2.2.10.8 of the OIE Animal Health Code (Annex 6). By derogation, during sacrifice festival (Kurban Bayramı), movements to designated collection centres and designated slaughter places will be authorized. This derogation will be applied only for a limited period of time strictly necessary for the purpose of this event.

Supply of equipment to obtain result no. 2 – sero-surveillance in Anatolia:

a) The approach for bovine animals: Evaluation of the

20

survey design for the detection of virus circulation has already been made by the EU FMD (sample size). 30 000 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

b) The approach for sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for virus circulation; carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical parameters the same as bovines. The total number of samples shall be 30.000 collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines. Each serum will be tested for antibodies to non-structural proteins of FMDV to get disease prevalence and also tested for structural proteins of FMDV to figure out protective immunity levels in vaccinated animals.

Control measures which will be taken by the Competent Authority:

The illegal movement of animals from neighbouring countries is the major issue. In order to combat illegal cross border movements of animals, a Memorandum between the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Finance and the Mara has been adopted in 2004. If more than 10 % of susceptible animals in a province are not compliance with Turkish rules, safeguard measures are adopted and applied. The expedition of susceptible animals from the provinces concerned will be

21

temporarily prohibited until the situation is corrected.

3.4.3. Supply of material – Cleansing and Disinfection:

Procurement of cleansing and disinfection material to be used by the provincial directorates for 3 years. Cleaning and disinfection following FMD outbreaks and animal markets and slaughterhouses will be ensured to increase the efficiency of vaccination campaign and control measures. Also cleaning and disinfection of the site and vehicles shall be ensured at all places where animals are collected and slaughtered.

1 supply contract

300.000 €

Pre-conditions: Before launching the

Vaccination Campaign Supply Contract, MARA should provide adequate preparation (cold storage) of the provincial directorates that are going to receive the vaccines.

Before spring 2007 the minimum rules for the identification and registration of sheep and goats will be in place.

22

Annex 2 – Implementation Schedule

2007 2008 2009 Components J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Supply Contract 2007 – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment) *

T C I I I

Supply Contract 2008 – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment) *

P T T T T C C I I I

Supply Contract 2009 – Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment) *

P T T T T C C I I I

Supply Contract – Sero-surveillance Equipment**

T T T T C I I I

Supply Contract – Cleaning and Disinfection

T T T T C I I I

23

Material**

P – Preparation * Preparations will start June 2006, tendering will start in September 2006 T – Tendering ** Preparations will start September 2006 C – Contracting I – Implementation

24

Annex 3 – Contracting and Disbursement Schedule (quarterly-in euro) Date (at end of each project quarter)

31-Mar-07 30-Jun-07

30-Sep-07 31-Dec-07

31-Mar-08 30-Jun-08 30-Sep-08

31-Dec-08

31-Mar-09

30-Jun-09 30-Sep-09

Contracted 48.525.750 49.078.350

49.078.350 49.078.350

49.078.350 49.078.350 49.078.350

49.078.350

49.078.350

49.078.350 49.078.350

Supply Contract 2007– 2009 Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

48.525.750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Supply Contract – Sero-surveillance Equipment 0 327.600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Supply Contract – Cleaning and Disinfection Material 0 225.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

49.078.350 0

Disbursed 6,000,000 16.335.000

16.552.600 16.552.600

16.552.600 31.552.600 31.552.600

31.552.600

31.552.600

17.525.750 49.078.350

Supply Contract 2007– 2009 Vaccination Campaign (vaccine + equipment)

6,000,000 10,000,000 0 0 0 15.000.000 0 0 0 0 0

Supply Contract – Sero-surveillance Equipment 0 200,000 127,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Supply Contract – Cleaning and Disinfection Material 0 135,000 90,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25

Annex 4 – THE EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL APPRAISAL OF FMD ERADICATION: Calculation of costs

PHASES COST DUE TO FMD (€) STABIL ENDEMIC PHASE (1996-2003) (SEP)

112,832,785

ERADICATION PHASE (2006-2013) (EP)

230,434,830

FREE PHASE (2014-2021) (FP) 20,679,956 BENEFIT/COST SEP/EP 0.489651606 SEP/FP 5.456142466

YEARS STABIL ENDEMIC PHASE (1996-2003) (€)

ERADICATION PHASE (2006-2013)(€)

FREE PHASE (2014-2021)(€)

1 15,491,842 59,649,117 4,339,978

2 14,806,544 59,221,683 4,339,978

3 11,892,886 58,736,818 2,000,000

4 14,336,668 22,025,806 2,000,000

5 12,394,405 13,182,892 2,000,000

6 14,820,301 7,877,144 2,000,000

7 13,673,256 5,401,392

26

2,000,000

8 15,416,884 4,339,978 2,000,000

Colour codes Current situation according to OIE data

100 % Vaccination of whole ruminant population twice a year plus compensation of infected animals in outbreaks

10 % Vaccination of whole ruminant population and compensation of infected and susceptible 10 % Vaccination of whole ruminant population and assume no disease Assume no vaccination and disease

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Phase 1. 1-COST DUE TO CURRENT CONTROL POLICY BASED ON STRATEGIC VACCINATION AND STABIL ENDEMIC SITUATION (1996-2003) (SEP) Assumptions; 1. All FMD data submitted to OIE (1996-2003) by Turkish government are reliable. Regarding

non-notified outbreaks, I estimated the cost of one outbreak so that if someone has any idea how many non-notified outbreaks are then we multiply to figure out the real situation.

2. 50 % of all cattle are dairy cows in an outbreak. 3. Average milk yield of Turkish cow is 1700 kg/year. 4. Average quarantine time in FMD outbreak is 2 months. 5. Milk price is 0,24 E (producers price) 6. All the milk in outbreak area is destroyed. 7. Average production lost of an infected cattle is 160 E and for sheep 15 E. According to below

study, you may get it from Mustafa Tufan. Detailed Investigations, Using Farmer Interviews, to assess the Losses caused by FMD Outbreaks in Turkey. Adibes, M., Taylor, N., Tufan, M., et al. SAP Enstitusu, Eskisehir Yolu. 7 Km. Ankara, Turkey. Pages 1- 37. June 1998. (A study carried out between 1995-97 and supported by the Turkish-German (GTZ) Technical Co-operation Project).

8. All dead animals are destroyed. 9. Average price of a cattle is 1000 E and for sheep 100 E. 10. Costs of medical treatments applied to infected animals for cattle 15 E, for sheep 3 E 11. Vaccination costs are part of costs due to FMD 12. Cost of vaccination is 1 E (including vaccine itself and other things) for cattle and 0, 5 E for

sheep. 13. Costs due to combat activity for an outbreak (disinfectants, travel, personnel, etc., except

vaccinations) is 2 million Euros. (according to Zafer Zöğ’s thesis, The epidemiology and economics of FMD control in Turkey, University of Reading)

Unknown Yearly cost of international trade restrictions due to FMD. (exportation of milk and milk products, meat and meat products, leather, poultry products, etc.)

Phase 2 2-COST DUE TO ERADICATION ACTIVITIES (2006-2013) (EP)

a. COST DUE TO OF 100 %GENERAL VACCINATION + SLAUGHTER OF CASES b. COST DUE TO OF SUPPRESIVE&STRATEGIC VACCINATION + SLAUGHTER OF

ALL SUSCEPTIBLES c. COST DUE TO STRATEGIC VACCINATION

Assumptions: 1. Numbers of animals and outbreaks in 2006 is calculated as an average of 1996-2003. 2. Starting 2006, numbers of affected animals and outbreaks is gradually decreased in every year

as a result of eradication studies (10%, 15%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, %80). 3. Costs due to combat activity for an outbreak (disinfectants, travel, personnel, etc., except

vaccinations) is 2 million Euros. (according to Zafer Zöğ’s thesis, The epidemiology and economics of FMD control in Turkey, University of Reading)

4. For compensation, average price of a cattle is 1000 E and for sheep 100 E. 5. In 2006-2008, only infected animals and death animals are slaughtered and compensated. 6. In 2008-2013, all infected and susceptible animals in the outbreak are slaughtered and

compensated. 7. In 2006-2008, 100 % general vaccination including sheep and goats are applied. 8. In 2008-2012, suppressive vaccinations along with strategic vaccination are applied.

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9. Efficiency of vaccine is 100% 10. In 2013, only strategic vaccination is applied.

Phase 3 3-COST DURING FREE PHASE (2014-2021) (FP)

Assumptions: 1. In 2014, 2015, only strategic vaccination is applied. 2. In 2015, FMD free status with vaccination is gained. 3. In 2017, FMD free status without vaccination is gained. 4. Cost due to surveillance of FMD is 2 million Euros a year.

Unknowns Potential income from international trade after gaining FMD free status and abolishment of restrictions (Exportation of milk and milk products, meat and meat products, leather, poultry products, etc.) BENEFIT/COST of SEP/FP is 5.45

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Annex - 5 List of relevant EU/OIE Legislation

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2003/85/EC of 29 September 2003 on Community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease

Terrestrial Animal Health Code of FMD Article 2.2.10.8 Transfer of FMD susceptible animals from an infected zone to a free zone within a country.

List of relevant TR Legislation

Animal Health and Surveillance Law No: 3285 published at the Official Gazette No: 19109 on 16.05.1986

Annex - 6 Reference list of relevant strategic plans and studies The strategy for the control of the disease is given in the proposal itself and the strategy for the eradication of FMD developed by the project “Support to the Alignment of Turkey to the EU Veterinary Acquis”( TR 0203.05) is taken from the “Animal disease control in Turkey - an outline of fields of reforms and strategy paper” and summarized below: 7. Implementation strategy and timeline Strategy: For implementation of animal disease control and eradication programs the following terms are assumed to be valid: • The implementation of eradication programs must be ranked. according to the administrative

and financial capacities

• Priority for eradication shall have zoonotic, multi species diseases such as Brucellosis, Tuberculosis and Foot and mouth disease

• The control and eradication program for TB and BR shall start as a herd free program in selected provinces (pilot) and be extended gradually.

• The control and eradication program for TB and BR shall start first.

• The control and eradication program for TB and BR is laid out as a min. 20 years program

• FMD eradication program shall start as a mass vaccination program (vaccination of all cattle and sheep) as proposed, if the conditions as described in chapter 4 and 5 are prepared.

• The eradication program for FMD is laid out as a min. 10 year program (5 year mass vaccination, 5 years outbreak and strategic vaccination). It is aspired to join after 10 years the EU non vaccination policy.

• All eradication programs shall be scientifically accompanied and regularly evaluated

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TIMELINE for implementation of FMD and TB/BR eradication programs 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010- 2016

Detailed specification of TB and BR eradication program

Detailed Preparation of administration

Funding, Compensation schemes

Selection of pilot provinces

Design of scientific escort

Start BR / TB eradication program yearly extension

Non vaccination policy (2018)

Start mass vaccination strategic vaccination

Detailed preparation of FMD eradication program

Farm registration and animal ID

Preparation of administrative preconditions

Amelioration of notification system

Upgrading of vaccine production

Funds

scientific escort and evaluation

scientific escort and evaluation

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ANNEX - 7 Detailed Information Regarding the Disease Situation and Implemented Control Eradication Programmes FMD is a highly contagious viral vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Although seldom lethal in adult animals, it causes serious production losses and is a major constraint to international trade in livestock and livestock products. Severe mortality may occur in young stock, particularly lambs and piglets.

Recent situation in Turkey Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is economically the most important disease causing significant losses in Turkey. FMD continued to be endemic in Turkey where 44 outbreaks have been reported in 2003. 2 FMDV serotypes (O, A) and 2 subtypes of A (A96 and A99) have been detected in Turkey during 2003, but no FMD case reported in Thrace since April 2002. Detailed situation is summarized below tables. Significance and prevalence of the disease:

FMD is endemic in Turkey. Outbreaks may happen at any time at any location. The notified outbreaks and locations of outbreaks are shown in Picture 1.

2001 88 outbreaks in 29 provinces 2002 48 outbreaks in 21 provinces 2003 51 outbreaks in 23 provinces 2004 75 outbreaks in 30 provinces

Beside the notified outbreaks, FMD outbreaks happen, which do not get notified. According to reports FMD outbreaks do not get notified, because the imposition of measures is impossible, because of insufficient transport or equipment for official veterinarians to investigate is available, because of fast solution with vaccination of surrounding, because of no heavy disease impact (rest immunity still prevalent because of “stabile” endemic FMD situation).

The latter may as well explain the low number of animals involved in reported FMD outbreaks. The table below shows the animals involved in notified FMD outbreaks from 2001 to 2003.

Table 1: Number of animals involved in FMD outbreaks (source: GDPC)

2001 2002 2003 2004 Susceptible Bovine 52347 14083 10711 14792 Susceptible Ovine 11465 1100 8007 6004 Infected Bovine 1900 1065 816 2136 Infected Ovine 445 183 155 3978 Died bovine 26 83 27 8 Died ovine 63 0 18 16 Destroyed bovine 0 0 0 0 Destroyed ovine 0 0 0 0

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OFFICIAL CONTROL PROGRAMME AGAINST FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE FOR YEAR 2005 1.1.1. Provincial directorates will operate according to rules, defined in 108th article of Animal

Health and Surveillance Law No 3285, to prevent Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak and its spread out in their regions.

1.1.2. Type of virus will be written in disease start and finish reports, cordon and quarantine measures about the disease will be carried out actively.

1.1.3. Epidemiologic studies will be considered important, filiations point will be defined by making source researchers, surveillance and active field studies.

1.1.4. To reveal the damage that Foot and Mouth Disease cause for country’s economy and to make it possible more realistic plans to be done for following years, all cases will be denounced. Pathological materials (tongue, lip, palatium, nasal mucosa; mammaliar epithelium and in later cases interdigital epithelium) that were taken according to rules must be sent to Foot and Mouth Disease Directorship as soon as possible to identify the serotype from these sources, for early warning, early diagnosis and to take the measures at the right time.

1.1.5. In the sources that disease starts Animal Health and Officer Law will be fully performed and if it is needed neighbourhood vaccination will be made when it is possible slaughtering of the sick animals will be encouraged.

1.1.6. In Kars, Ardahan, Iğdır, Van, Hakkari and Şırnak provinces an intensive observation will be obtained by periodically disease scanning, to identify the possible Foot and Mouth Diseases that can enter Turkey and to make measures possible to be taken before.

1.1.7. In vaccination of young animals, the programme that informed on the prospectus of Foot and Mouth Disease vaccine will be fit. For this, first vaccination will be performed on cattles that completed their 4. months, second vaccination will be performed at 1 month after first vaccination and vaccinations after this will be performed at 1 time per 6 months. Cattles that will be transported are vaccinated again if they completed their 4 months and they can be transported at 14th. day after the vaccine performed.

1.1.8. Intensive vaccination will be performed in campaign for providing enough protection against to Foot and Mouth Disease at country level. The vaccine that contains at least 3 types including O1 Manisa + A Aydın 98 (homologue with A Iran 96) + Asia 1 serotypes will be used in Artvin, Ardahan, Kars, Erzurum, Iğdır, Ağrı, Muş, Bitlis, Van, Batman, Siirt, Şırnak, Hakkari, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kilis and Diyarbakır cities. Bivalane vaccine that includes O1 Manisa + A Aydın 98 (homologue with A Iran 96) serotypes will be used in other areas. Vaccines will be demanded according to animal population that determined on the programme for every campaign period.

1.1.9. All cattle in all cities will be vaccinated 2 times in a year (spring and autumn period).

1.1.10. The strategic vaccination will be performed on cattles in Trabzon, Rize, Artvin, Giresun, Ordu, Bartın cities, shore districts of Kastamonu that are named Abana, Bozkurt, Cide, Çatalzeytin, Doğanyurt, İnebolu, the cities where contamination risk is more and animal transportation is intensive in autumn campaign period.

1.1.11. Active surveillance will be performed, animal transportation will be controlled completely and quarantine implementation will be performed carefully, in cities where strategic vaccination was performed. In spite of these measures if the disease has seen, Foot and

33

Mouth Disease vaccine will have been performed on animals that are unvaccinated and their vaccination date passed over 4 months.

1.1.12. Campaign vaccinations will be started with taking the Media’s attention to provide public support which needed, and will be finished as soon as possible.

1.1.13. FMD vaccines which will be applied in and out of the campaign period, through the projected program, will be required from Directory of FMD Institute without giving information to General Directory.

1.1.14. In the condition of giving information early about the vaccination application areas, the FMD vaccines of the firms that have import permission and product and trade permission from Ministry can be used.

1.1.15. The vaccines for vaccination campaign from FMD Institute will not be sent back.

1.1.16. After the spring FMD vaccination campaign, there will be made sero-survey studies in all over the country to determine the immunity rate of the animals.

1.1.17. There will be made assessment meetings after the vaccination campaign.

1.1.18. In the Thrace Region, going through vaccinated exemption from Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is aimed, along with the campaign styled intensive vaccination in this region against FMD, slaughtering method will be applied to infected animals at the focus points. The slaughtering method will be applied to animals which are identified according to “ The Regulation On The Identification, Registration and Tracing of the Bovine Type Animals “ authority, applied FMD vaccine and transported in order to law. According to 134th article, (g) item of Animal Health and Officer Law (HSZKY) numbered 3285, in the Thrace Region, whole of the appreciated value of the animals, that show the obvious symptoms of the disease and that will be killed or slaughtered after the existence and the type of the disease is diagnosed by the laboratories, the three fourth of the appreciated value of the animals that does not show the obvious symptoms of the disease but have been slaughtered after the disease’s diagnosis in the laboratories, will be paid. The situations which were defined at the 42nd item of Animal Health and Officer Law No 3285 will not be compensated. So, there must be kept attention to animal transports to Thrace, the duration of immunity after the vaccination will be waited, animal movements out of permission must be blocked, there must be kept care of controlling the animal trading areas and animal markets. According to 108th article of Animal Health and Officer Law No 3285; animals that killed or dead suffered from the FMD will be buried 2 m. depth holes by pouring quick lime over them. If it is not possible, bodies will be cremated.

1.1.19. Keeping the controls close at the border regions that animals and animal products movements happens, undoubtly following closely the focuses and taking the measures, will be provided.

1.1.20. Appearing seems at the field will be followed closely, where else required changing the strains will be done.

1.1.21. Autumn period of the small ruminant FMD vaccination campaign, apply at February, March, and April.

1.1.22. The medicines that necessary to use against the shocks that happens during the FMD vaccination has to be with the vaccination team/crew as ready to use.

1.1.23. Vaccines that bought from the private firms have to be the same as projected at the regions agenda /programme

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1.1.24. It’s determined that animals, vaccinated by the self employed veterinary surgeon and transferred, keep the FMD at the places that have been sent.

For this reason, unless transported animals vaccinations, done by self –employed veterinary surgeon, especially from the cities where animal transportation is intensive such as, Ağrı, Ardahan, Çorum, Erzurum, Kars, Tokat, Van; Directorate of Province and Districts shall issue domestic Veterinary Transport reports for animal transports and shall choose one from each 10 trucks responsed to 10% of the transported animals and take blood from all animals in the truck. Blood samples shall be sent to Directorate of FMD Institute under appropriate conditions by Directorate of Province and Districts.

Trade name, type (Bivalan-Trivalan), date of applications to animals, expiration date and serial number of vaccinations, applied to transported animals under permission, shall be reported to the Institute with blood serums.

Table 2: FMD vaccination coverage in 1996–2003.

Year Species Ruminant population

Vaccine coverage (%)

2003 bov/bf 9.105.735 58,7 o/c 28.588.087 8,1 2002 bov 9.925.000 52,4 o/c 32.196.000 5,5 2001 bov 10.686.000 31,9 o/c 33.994.000 3,3 2000 bov 10.907.000 38,8 o/c 35.693.000 0,3 1999 bov 11.219.000 35,2 ovi 38.030.000 4,7 1998 bov 11.207.000 37,1 ovi 37.492.000 8,2 1997 bov 11.379.000 34,9 ovi 38.614.000 7,4 1996 bov 12.121.000 33,0 ovi 42.023.000 6,9

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Table 3: Provincial ruminant population in Thrace and Anatolia according to 2004 data LARGE RUMINANTS SMALL RUMINANTS PROVINCE CATTLE CALF BUFFOLA TOTAL SHEEP GOAT TOTAL THRACE (including trivial parts of Anatolia regarding population) EDIRNE 98.174 28.777 201 127.152 158.014 28.174 186.188 ISTANBUL 46.484 18.041 6.402 70.927 54.450 8.025 62.475 KIRKLARELI 56906 20781 577 78264 128395 32423 160818 TEKIRDAG 74.273 32.031 243 106.547 100.065 44.869 144.934 CANAKKALE 100.744 33.843 200 134.787 392.050 173.950 566.000 THRACİA TOT 376.581 133.473 7.623 517.677 832.974 287.441 1.120.415 ANATOLIA ADANA 102.907 37.780 282 140.969 181.648 226.349 407.997 ADIYAMAN 37.709 17.660 55.369 171.667 131.903 303.570 AFYON 116.335 75.527 3.859 195.721 600.816 103.433 704.249 AGRI 139.147 62.260 1.743 203.150 845.390 55.012 900.402 AMASYA 85.790 20.737 3.393 109.920 99.389 13.258 112.647 ANKARA 142.659 51.924 571 195.154 465.810 91.630 557.440 ANTALYA 92.304 30.739 85 123.128 219.725 604.503 824.228 ARTVIN 50.018 16.601 12 66.631 69.272 10.180 79.452 AYDIN 125.596 67.855 50 193.501 119.645 59.426 179.071 BALIKESIR 150.951 66.605 1.440 218.996 486.030 140.494 626.524 BILECIK 21.430 9.830 15 31.275 42.260 24.028 66.288 BINGOL 150.951 66.605 1.440 218.996 486.030 140.494 626.524 BITLIS 41.274 11.793 3.620 56.687 579.000 160.321 739.321 BOLU 67.673 46.192 1.242 115.107 92.875 28.113 120.988 BURDUR 68.346 37.504 105.850 136.355 94.760 231.115 BURSA 86.047 31.761 1.333 119.141 188.250 51.667 239.917 CANKIRI 63.240 32.550 1.717 97.507 96.801 18.304 115.105 CORUM 94.779 46.561 3.898 145.238 138.767 29.215 167.982 DENIZLI 51.783 31.228 42 83.053 199.458 124.561 324.019 DIYARBAKIR 124.684 48.700 2.100 175.484 504.500 165.500 670.000 ELAZIG 59.843 27.923 237 88.003 172.950 27.826 200.776 ERZINCAN 59.566 25.475 1.758 86.799 284.577 37.819 322.396 ERZURUM 327.839 134.359 2.460 464.658 636.708 90.424 727.132 ESKISEHIR 64.670 36.500 320 101.490 416.672 74.318 490.990 GAZIANTEP 27.545 11.397 122 39.064 318.915 132.416 451.331 GIRESUN 67.310 23.630 2.820 93.760 122.850 10.915 133.765 GUMUSHANE 67.000 13.500 210 80.710 63.000 8.100 71.100 HAKKARI 41.277 12.187 268 53.732 365.458 115.513 480.971 HATAY 40.373 24.962 250 65.585 84.777 69.168 153.945 ISPARTA 40.216 20.062 60.278 153.720 142.116 295.836 MERSİN 52.763 15.150 67.913 206.335 416.007 622.342 IZMIR 165.519 70.562 104 236.185 409.761 150.341 560.102 KARS 184.555 63.788 248.343 218.140 108.413 326.553 KASTAMONU 125.178 36.473 3.237 164.888 366.514 38.291 404.805 KAYSERI 95.508 92.808 3.738 192.054 402.464 35.900 438.364 KIRSEHIR 36.700 17.600 195 54.495 81.400 7.415 88.815 KOCAELI 34.017 17.388 2.357 53.762 36.750 13.080 49.830

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KONYA 161.010 143.905 220 305.135 1.342.535 156.680 1.499.215 KUTAHYA 82.914 43.195 991 127.100 285.231 131.544 416.775 MALATYA 64.100 31.075 95.175 208.215 35.183 243.398 MANISA 81.792 26.952 108.744 407.701 148.762 556.463 K.MARAS 58.445 39.550 41 98.036 418.378 166.028 584.406 MARDIN 40.180 11.791 51.971 335.378 185.933 521.311 MUGLA 75.703 39.533 115.236 80.457 112.118 192.575 MUS 83.064 33.885 8.052 125.001 1.334.536 333.634 1.668.170 NEVSEHIR 32.630 9.389 42.019 79.821 3.149 82.970 NIGDE 38.640 12.482 55 51.177 308.685 37.513 346.198 ORDU 98.118 54.230 975 153.323 74.959 1.375 76.334 RIZE 25.135 8.365 33.500 6.876 4.104 10.980 SAKARYA 94.741 23.811 512 119.064 31.754 9.218 40.972 SAMSUN 204.159 77.688 17.924 299.771 218.112 12.420 230.532 SIIRT 9.590 1.550 11.140 245.500 75.100 320.600 SINOP 69.303 21.000 1.403 91.706 164.650 18.822 183.472 SIVAS 194.588 107.784 5.422 307.794 363.567 24.751 388.318 TOKAT 164.991 59.749 8.112 232.852 192.690 18.754 211.444 TRABZON 92.608 34.755 294 127.657 93.349 5.372 98.721 TUNCELI 20.706 6.427 27.133 211.051 49.923 260.974 S.URFA 95.648 17.247 450 113.345 1.257.053 102.300 1.359.353 USAK 54.776 10.054 64.830 189.994 72.711 262.705 VAN 64.850 20.850 878 86.578 1.528.000 89.500 1.617.500 YOZGAT 102.803 50.090 2.300 155.193 241.170 10.372 251.542 ZONGULDAK 56.141 20.642 1.007 77.790 11.007 8.486 19.493 AKSARAY 47.610 24.010 801 72.421 314.100 11.350 325.450 BAYBURT 43.970 18.711 706 63.387 96.511 2.567 99.078 KARAMAN 11.559 4.893 16.452 354.254 95.120 449.374 KIRIKKALE 21.558 10.375 88 32.021 69.561 10.641 80.202 BATMAN 9.323 6.216 15.539 100.950 47.950 148.900 SIRNAK 22.849 7.295 30.144 119.935 141.088 261.023 BARTIN 67.742 3.273 2.642 73.657 6.674 2.445 9.119 ARDAHAN 176.504 73.500 80 250.084 42.444 3.161 45.605 IGDIR 23.825 13.390 690 37.905 450.556 44.364 494.920 YALOVA 4.880 2.270 7.150 7.420 2.250 9.670 KARABÜK 30.699 14.594 681 45.974 22.311 2.637 24.948 KILIS 2.940 1.115 4.055 79.330 61.025 140.355 OSMANIYE 36.751 27.983 169 64.903 66.305 43.910 110.215 DÜZCE 30.600 19.080 820 50.500 7.950 550 8.500 ANATOLIA TOT 5.900.947 2.586.880 100.231 8.588.058 21.433.649 6.034.023 27.467.672TURKEY TOTAL 6.277.528 2.720.353 107.854 9.105.735 22.266.623 6.321.464 28.588.087

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Table 4 Notified FMD outbreaks and locations FMD OUTBREAKS IN TURKEY, 2002

FMD OUTBREAKS IN TURKEY, 2003

FMD OUTBREAKS IN TURKEY, 2004

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ANNEX-8 AGREED CONCLUSIONS OF THE WORKING GROUP MEETING ON ANIMAL DISEASES 15- 16 March 2005, Ankara 1. In accordance with the mandate of the Agriculture Subcommittee meeting, relating to the control and eradication of livestock diseases of bovine, sheep, goat and horses, it was agreed to give priority to discussions on bovine, sheep and goats. Without prejudice on the reflection on the global strategy of Turkey, it was agreed to limit the discussion on actions to be proposed by the MARA for 2006 EC pre-accession programme. These do not exclude the reassessment of the situation after the completion of the project.

2. FMD and PPR have been defined as priorities. 3. The Working Group has agreed on a three years action.

a) For FMD the following aims have been identified: - To maintain the free status of the Thrace region. The target for the Thrace region is to

apply to OIE in order to be officially recognized as free region with vaccination. - To ensure a level of more than 90% vaccination for bovine, sheep and goats in Anatolia. b) For PPR the Working Group has reached only provisional conclusions which require supplementary analysis and discussion. It is recommended to carry out a feasibility study.

Finally it was concluded that only FMD measures will be included in the 2006 project. Turkish Authorities will present detailed information on the analysis of PPR. If necessary another Working Group meeting could be held. 4. FMD: A) Regionalization: as regards FMD it was agreed to regionalize Turkey as Thrace and Anatolia. B) Actions: The actions will comprise vaccination, sero surveillance, control measures and cleaning and disinfection. Thrace region: I. Vaccination c) Bovines: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines under the

control of the official veterinarian will be carried out. These campaigns will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and implemented by the Provincial Authority. 450 000 doses of bivalent vaccines for each campaign are foreseen, without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of occurrence of a new strain. For practical reasons the number of doses could be evaluated as 3 millions for 3 years.

d) Sheep and goats: Each year one campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats under the

control of the official veterinarian will be carried out. This campaign will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and is implemented by the Provincial Authority. 850 000 sheep doses of bivalent vaccines are foreseen, for each campaign without prejudice of the use of trivalent vaccines in case of occurrence of a new strain. For practical reasons the number of doses could be evaluated as 2.7 millions sheep doses for 3 years.

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II. Sero- surveillance a) Bovines: Evaluation of the survey design for the detection of virus circulation has already

been made by the EUFMD (sample size). 9600 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines.

b) Sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for

virus circulation will be carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical parameters are the same as for the bovines. The total number of samples shall be 9600, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines.

III. Control measures Only slaughter animals (bovines, sheep and goats) directed to slaughterhouses will be authorized for movement from Anatolia into Thrace. These movements will be regulated in accordance with paragraph 1 to 5 of the article 2.2.10.8 of the OIE Animal Health Code. By derogation, during the sacrifice festival (Kurban Bayramı), movements to designated collection centres and designated slaughter places will be authorized. The Turkish Authorities commit themselves to apply this derogation only for a limited period of time strictly necessary for the purpose of this event. For bovine animals such movements will be entered in the bovine database. IV. Cleaning and disinfection Cleaning and disinfection of the site and the vehicles shall be ensured at all places where animals are collected and slaughtered. If necessary, new rules have to be adopted and implemented by the Turkish Authorities. Anatolia: I. Vaccination

a) Bovines: Each year two campaigns of vaccination (spring and autumn) for bovines under the control of the official veterinarian will be carried out. These campaigns will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and implemented by the Provincial Authority. 6.6 million doses of bivalent vaccines (A and O) and 2.1 million doses of trivalent vaccines (A, O and Asia 1) for each campaign are foreseen, without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain. For practical reasons the number of doses of bivalent vaccines could be evaluated as 40 millions for 3 years; 13 million doses of trivalent vaccines for 3 years.

b) Sheep and goats: Each year one campaign of vaccination (spring) for sheep and goats under the control of the official veterinarian will be carried out. This campaign will be organized by the Central Competent Authority and will be implemented by the Provincial Authority. 17 million sheep doses of bivalent vaccines and 11 million doses of trivalent vaccines are foreseen for each campaign without prejudice of the use of vaccines with an additional valence in case of occurrence of a new strain. For practical reasons the number of doses could be evaluated as 55 millions (sheep doses) of bivalent vaccines and 35 million sheep doses of trivalent vaccines for 3 years. II. Sero- surveillance

a) Bovines: Evaluation of the survey design for the detection of virus circulation has already been made by the EU FMD (sample size).30 000 sera have to be collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines.

b) Sheep and goats: In the third year of the project a stratified random survey for detection for

virus circulation; carried out in supplement of the survey in bovines and its statistical

40

parameters the same as bovines. The total number of samples shall be 30.000 collected and tested each year, not including the follow up in accordance with the OIE guidelines.

III. Control measures The illegal movement of animals from neighbouring countries is the major issue. In order to combat illegal cross border movements of animals, a Memorandum between the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Finance and the MARA has been adopted in 2004. In addition the Working Group strongly recommends that, if following an estimation of the official services more than 10% of susceptible animals are not in compliance with Turkish rules, safeguard measures are adopted and applied. The expedition of susceptible animals from the provinces concerned must be temporarily prohibited until the situation is corrected. IV. Cleaning and disinfection Cleaning and disinfection following outbreaks and markets must be ensured. 5. Estimation of the cost of the programme: a) FMD

Bovines

Sheep and goats

Total

Thrace Supply of vaccine

€ 500 000 € 225 000 € 725 000

Vaccination equipment1

€ 60 000 needles € 18 000 injectors

€ 54 000 needles

132 000

Surveillance

€ 19 200

€ 6 400

€ 25 600

Cleaning and disinfection

€ 20 000

€ 20 000

Total €/ year € 902 600 Anatolia Supply of vaccine

€ 6 600 000 bivalent € 2 800 000 trivalent

€ 4 250 000 bivalent € 4 100 000 trivalent

€ 17 750 000

Vaccination equipment1

€ 1 050 000 needles € 200.000 injectors

€ 1 710 000 needles

€ 2 960 000

Surveillance

€ 60 000

€ 60 000

€ 120 000

Cleaning and disinfection

€ 80 000

€ 80 000

Total €/ year € 20 910 000 Total cost of the programme/ year € 21 812 600 b) The Commission services could envisage financing 75% of the supply of vaccine, equivalent to about 14 million Euros. The Turkish side agrees to explain in the fiche how they will mobilize the necessary human resources for the implementation of the project. This fiche will also present the system for storage and distribution of vaccine. 6. The final aim of the programme is described in point 3. It is useful to fix a detailed implementation schedule and criteria for the assessment of each campaign. The target vaccination 1 Provisional estimation

41

coverage is considered as an effective criterion for such an assessment. For bovines in Turkey and sheep and goat in Thrace, the Working Group has agreed that the level to be reached after the first campaign shall be 85 %. The Turkish Authorities will include in the fiche their target vaccination coverage for sheep and goat in Anatolia. A low level of coverage will make it necessary to discuss corrective actions. 7. Synchronization of the programme: Bovines: The Turkish Authorities have committed themselves to ensure that the identification and registration system including the bovine database will be operational by the start of the first vaccination campaign (spring 2007). Sheep and goats: The Commission services insist on minimum rules for the identification and registration of sheep and goats must be in place by the start of the first vaccination campaign (spring 2007). The Turkish Authorities explained that this will be in place in Thrace. For Anatolia they envisaged the simultaneous action of identification during the vaccination campaign. This issue has to be clarified in the project fiche.