standard for the design of high-performance green buildings · 3. standard for the design of...

ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1

Mark M MacCracken, LEED®AP

CALMAC Mfg. [email protected]

Standard for the Design ofHigh-Performance Green Buildings

STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS2

What is Standard 189.1?

ANSI standard being developed in model code language

Provides minimum requirements for high-performance, green buildings

Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1)

Not a design guide, not a rating system


Standard Project Committee 189.1

Sponsor and co-sponsors ASHRAE

USGBC

IES

Project committee 37 total members

Diverse backgrounds

Consensus process


Scope of Standard 189.1

Applies to … new buildings and their systems

new portions of buildings and their systems

new systems and equipment in existing buildings


Goals for Standard 189.1

Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas One “challenge” is existing green building rating systems contain few

mandatory provisions

Provide simple compliance options

Complement green building rating programs Standard is not intended to compete with green building rating programs


Potential Users for 189.1

Organizations with Green Building Rating Systems Incorporated as the baseline (prerequisite)

Developers

Corporations

Universities

States/Municipalities Their own buildings

Building codes (zoning, mechanical, energy, plumbing)


What Happens When Green Becomes Code?

Do Buildings Get Better?


Development of Standard 189.12006

Preliminary meeting (Jun)

2007

1st public review (May-Jul)

2008

2nd public review (Feb)

Committee reconstituted (Nov)

2009

3rd public review (May-Jun)

4th public review of ISCs (Sep-Oct)

Publication approval (Dec)

2010

Target for Publication (Jan)

Transition to SSPC

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


Standard 189.1 Building Blocks


Standard 189.1 Chapter Structure

x.1: Scope

x.2: Compliance

x.3: Mandatory (required for all projects)

x.4: Prescriptive Option(simple option, very few calculations)

x.5: Performance Option(more options, but more effort)


Compliance Paths

Mandatory + Prescriptive Path

Performance PathMandatory +

(Simple option, very few calculations)

(More options, but more effort)


Standard 189.1 Topic Areas

SS

WE

EE

IEQ

MR

CO

Sustainable Sites

Water Use Efficiency

Energy Efficiency

Indoor Environmental Quality

Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources

Construction and Operations Plans


Climate Zones

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions

Site selection

Reduce heat island effect

Reduce light pollution

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance0.90) is 100.



Site Selection Allowable sites

• Existing building envelope• Brownfields, greyfields• Greenfield sites where 1/2 mile to:

- transit or 10 basic services, or residential area with density > 10 units/acre

Prohibited development activity• Flood plains, • 100 ft of wetlands, • 150 ft of fish and wildlife habitat

conservation area

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local, State, or Federal government agency.

fish and wildlife habitat conservation area: areas with which state or federally designated endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a primary association.



Reduce Heat Island Effect Site hardscape

• 50% to be shaded (within 5 years of planting), or be SRI 29, or shaded by structures

Walls• to be shaded on at least 30% of east and

west walls up to 20 feet above grade within 5 years

Roofs• (climate zones 1-3): 75% to be SRI 78

(low-slope), 29 (steep-slope) or cool roof

solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100.

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



Reduction of Light Pollution Outdoor lighting lumen limits per parking

space, per ft2 of hardscape or per ft2 complete site (Standard 90.1 Addendum i)

Maximum allowable Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) ratings for luminaires by lighting zone type

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Sustainable SitesPrescriptive Options

Site Development All sites:

• Minimum 40% of site area to be effective pervious surface (vegetation, green roof, porous pavers) – exceptions for areas with <10 inches annual average rainfall

Greenfield sites:• Minimum 20% of area to be native or

adapted plants

greenfield site: a site of which 20% or less has been previously developed with impervious surfaces.

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Sustainable SitesPerformance Option

Site Development Existing Building: minimum 20%

Greyfield Sites: minimum 40%

All Other Sites: minimum 50%

of the average annual rainfall on the development footprint shall be managed through infiltration, reuse, or evapotranspiration

greyfield site: a site of which more than 20% is already developed with impervious surfaces.

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

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Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Site Water Use Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, &

smart irrigation controllers

Building Water Use Plumbing fixtures & fittings, appliances,

HVAC systems & equipment, generally 40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992

Disallow once through cooling with potable water

Recover condensate from steam systems & A/C units > 65,000 BTU/h capacity

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

hydrozoning: to divide the landscape irrigation system into sections in order to regulate each zone’s water needs based on plant materials, soil and other factors.



Water Metering Measurement devices with remote communication capability

shall be provided to collect water consumption data

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



Water Metering

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Water Use EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

Site Water Use Max 1/3 of improved landscape can be irrigated with potable water

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

Building Water Use Cooling towers

• <200 ppm hardness to have minimum 5 cycles of concentration• >200 ppm hardness to have minimum 3.5 cycles of concentration

Efficient commercial food service and laboratories

Special Water Features Fountain water must be from alternate source or reclaimed (no potable water)


Water Use EfficiencyPerformance Option

Site Water Use proposed potable water for irrigation <

35% of baseline evapotranspiration

Building Water Use proposed water use < mandatory plus

prescriptive

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

evapotranspiration (ET): the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water bodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves.


Building Energy Codes


Energy Efficiency Highlights

More stringent than Standard 90.1-2007

Includes plug/process loads

Electric peak load reduction

Renewable energy provisions

Energy measurement for verification

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Meet 90.1 Mandatory Requirements Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

on-site renewable energy system: photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal energy, and wind systems used to generate energy and located on the building project.

Provide for future on-site renewable energy systems Building projects design shall show allocated space

and pathways for installation of on-site renewable energy systems

Minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft2 or 13 Btu/h/ft2

multiplied by the total roof area

Exception for locations with poor incident solar radiation



Energy Consumption Measurement Measurement devices with remote communication

capability shall be provided to collect energy consumption data

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



Energy Consumption Measurement

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

On-site renewable energy systems Annual energy production equivalent of 4

KBtu/ft2 of conditioned space

Exception for areas with incident solar radiation less than 1.36 kBtu/ft2-day and purchase of green power of at least 7 kWh/ft2

until cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft2

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



CZ-5 Building Envelope (IP) Roof Insulation

• 90.1: R- 20 c.i., R- 38 attic• 189.1: R- 25 c.i., R- 49 attic

Walls• 90.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity + R-7.5

c.i., R-11.4 c.i. mass wall• 189.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity + R-10

c.i., R-13.3 c.i. mass wall

Continuous air barrier requirement

Rochester, NY Non-Residential Example SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



CZ-5 Building Envelope (IP) Fenestration Assemblies

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

90.1 189.1nonmetal frame U-0.35 U-0.25curtainwall U-0.45 U-0.35other metal U-0.55 U-0.45SHGC 0.40 0.35

Rochester, NY Non-Residential Example



Building Envelope Vertical fenestration area < 40% of the gross wall area

W, S & E permanent projections for vertical fenestration

(climate zones 1-5)

Fenestration orientation (climate zones 5&6): 1/3*(AreaN*SHGCN + AreaS*SHGCS + AreaE*SHGCE) ≥ 1.1*AreaW*SHGCW

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

Projection Factor PF ≥ 0.5



Building Envelope Continuous air barrier requirement

• Using individual materials that have an air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Using assemblies of materials and components that have an average air leakage ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Testing the completed building and demonstrating that the air leakage rate of the building envelope ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

continuous air barrier: the combination of interconnected materials, assemblies and flexible sealed joints and components of the building envelope that provide air-tightness to a specified permeability.



Mechanical Minimum equipment efficiencies – either

• Baseline is EPAct efficiencies (Std 90.1) plus- 6 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 10% electrical peak load reduction

• Greater of Energy Star / Appendix C equipment efficiencies- 4 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 5% electrical peak load reduction

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



Mechanical Demand control ventilation for densely

occupied spaces

Std 90.1 Seal Level A duct sealing

Economizer cycle for units ≥ 33,000 Btu/h

Fan power to be 10% less than Std 90.1

Exhaust air energy recovery

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

densely occupied space: those spaces with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 ft2



Lighting Interior lighting power to be 10% less the

90.1-2007 lighting power density

Occupancy sensor controls

Occupancy sensor controls with multi-level switching or dimming

Lighting for building security or emergency egress ≤ 0.1 W/ft2

Automatic controls for lighting in daylight zones

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



Other Equipment Motor efficiencies higher than Standard 90.1-

2007

Supermarket waste heat recovery system on permanently installed refrigeration equipment in supermarkets 25,000 ft2 or greater

Energy Star equipment and appliances if installed prior to issuance of certificate of occupancy

Commercial refrigerators, freezers and clothes washers to comply with Appendix C

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Energy EfficiencyPerformance Option

Annual Energy Cost Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Normative Appendix D – Performance option for energy efficiency

Annual Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Peak Electric Demand Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Minimum annual load factor of 0.25

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

Indoor air quality

Environmental tobacco smoke control

Outdoor air delivery monitoring

Thermal comfort

Building entrances

Acoustic control

Daylighting

Low emitting materialsSS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

Indoor Air Quality Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard

62.1

Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of minimum outside air

MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment areas)

Eliminate air bypass around filters

No smoking inside building

Building entrance entry mat system

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

Thermal Environmental Conditions Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55 Section 6.1 Design and 6.2

Documentation

Acoustical Control Defined STC values for exterior and interior assemblies

Daylighting by Toplighting (Skylights) Targeted for large enclosed spaces in buildings ≤ three stories

Soil Gas Retarder System Brownfields or radon

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Daylighting by Sidelighting Office spaces and classrooms

Minimum effective apertures

Minimum interior surface visible light reflectances

Minimum shading projection factors

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Materials Emissions and VOC requirements

• Adhesives and sealants• Paints and coatings• Floor covering materials• Composite wood and agrifiber products• Office furniture systems and seating• Ceiling and wall systems

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Indoor Environmental QualityPerformance Option

Daylighting Physical or computer model, minimum illuminance target:

30 fc (300 lux) on work surfaces, noon equinox

It shall be demonstrated that direct sun does not strike anywhere on a worksurface in any daylit space for more than 20% of the occupied hours during an equinox day in regularly occupied office spaces

Materials VOC emissions model for building materials per

CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 Section 4.3

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Building’s Impact on the AtmosphereHighlights

Construction waste management

Wood products

Refrigerants

Storage and collection of recyclables and discarded goods

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

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Construction and OperationHighlights

Acceptance Testing /Commissioning

IAQ Construction management plan

Plans for operation High-performance building operation

Maintenance

Service life

Transportation management

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Normative Appendices

Appendix A – Prescriptive Building Envelope Tables

Appendix B – Prescriptive Continuous Air Barrier

Appendix C – Prescriptive Equipment Efficiency Tables

Appendix D – Performance Option for Energy Efficiency

Appendix E – IAQ Limit Requirements for Office Furniture Systems and Seating

Appendix F – Building Concentrations


Integrative Project Team

SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


What is Your Best Path Forward?

Begin to understand the impact of these new requirements on your business and technical expertise

Identify what requisite skills and knowledge you will need once this standard and green codes are implemented


Further Information

Information on Standard 189.1: www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

ASHRAE Training on Standard 189.1 Orlando short course, seminars, member briefing

User Manual will be developed to assist in the understanding in how to apply the standard

http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard�


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