standard for old age.pdf

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INTRODUCTION

GUIDE TO THE SAFE DESIGN OF AGED CARE FACILITIES

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www.safeworksa.sa.gov.au www.workcover.com

DisclaimerThe information produced by SafeWork SA and WorkCover Corporation of South Australia in this publication is correct at the time of printing and isprovided as general information only. In utilising general information about workplace health and safety and injury management, the specific issuesrelevant to your workplace should always be considered. This publication is not intended as a substitute for the requirements of the WorkersRehabilitation and Compensation Act, 1986 or the Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act 1986.

Limitations of LiabilityTo the best of our knowledge, the procedures described in this document reflect currently accepted practice, but cannot be considered absolute anduniversal recommendations. All recommendations must be considered in view of the specific example and new information that has become availablesince the time of writing. The authors disclaim responsibility and assume no liability for any adverse affects resulting directly or indirectly from thesuggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the readers misunderstanding of the text.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

These guidelines have been prepared by the SAfer Aged Care Industry Working Party; in conjunction with the Health

and Aged Care Sector. Acknowledgements are extended to:

Safer Aged Care Safe Design Steering CommitteeBrian Adams, SafeWork SA

Sue Balde, SA Unions

Richard Coker, University of South Australia

Ingrid Ormay, SafeWork SA

Theadora Papadopoulos, Karidis Corporation Limited

CS Wong, SafeWork SA

Case StudiesAnnda Hope Valley Residential Care

Eldercare Incorporated SA

Southern Cross Care (SA) Incorporated

Additional acknowledgements to:Nic Doncaster, WorkCover Corporation

Susan Ellis, Resthaven Incorporated

Jim Klesyk, Helping Hand Aged Care

Necia Michel, Walter Brooke & Associates Pty Ltd

Valerie OKeeffe, Workplace Services

Angela Sparrow, WorkCover Corporation

David Stevens, David Stevens Consultancy

Liz Bluff, The Australian National University

WorkSafe, Victoria

Queensland Health, Capital Works Branch

Design and produced by:SafeWork SA, www.safeworksa.sa.gov.au

WorkCover Corporation of South Australia, www.workcover.com


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HOW TO USE THESE GUIDELINES:

These guidelines are intended to provide general best practice information about safe design for the aged care

industry. They are intended as a starting reference point for considering safe design as part of the

development/redevelopment of a facility and/or a product. They are to be read in conjunction with the national

publication Guidance on the Principles for Safe Design at Work(1)

. The needs of residents and service providers,

site requirements, budgets and management will have implications for the overall design and safe design features of

a building project. The industry is encouraged to share best practice in a collaborative fashion in using these

guidelines.

This information is of a general nature and it is understood that affordability, sustainability and funding implications for

a site/product will have a bearing on the final design. However, an innovative and efficient design solution can be

achieved by the proprietor/developer with a degree of flexibility.

The guidelines are intended for those within the Aged Care Industry with responsibilities for planning, designing,

operating, maintaining, altering, and decommissioning a facility; and its associated layout, plant and equipment,

substances and work systems. This includes persons with control: owners, occupiers, directors of nursing,

architects, interior designers, suppliers, installers, designers and manufacturers of plant and equipment and anyone

who may be involved at any stage during the lifecycle of the facility and associated plant.

Guide to the Safe Design of

Aged Care Facilities

Guidance on the

Principles of Safe Design

at Work.

(1)Australian Safety and Compensation Council, Guidance on the Principles of Safe Design at Work, Australian

Government,Canberra, 2006

Refer to Principles of Universal Design

Refer to Considerations for Safe Design

Consider the Safe Design Process Steps: 1 8

Refer to Practical Examples: 1 24

Refer to Links for detailed information

Input into the design process


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Acknowledgements 3

How to use these Guidelines 4

1 Introduction 7

1.1 Why Safe Design? 7

1.2 What is Safe Design? 7

1.3 Universal Design Principles 7

1.4 Considerations for Safe Design 8

1.5 Reasonably Practicable 9

Industry Case Study 1, Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia, Ceiling lift

technology

11

1.6 OHS Responsibilities for Design 12

1.7 Consultation 14

1.8 Global Directions 14

1.9 Ageing in Place and Emerging Issues 14

1.10 Design for Dementia 15

1.11 Design for Palliative Care 15

1.12 Overhead Lifters 16

1.13 Design for Disassembly 16

1.14 Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (C.A.L.D.)/ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 16

2 Practical Examples 18

2.0 Common requirements for all room functions 19

2.1 En suite/bathroom design 22

2.2 Bedroom design 23

2.3 Dining room design 24

2.4 Office areas design 25

2.5 Laundries design 26

2.6 Kitchen design 27

2.7 Storage room design 28

2.8 Common rooms design 29

2.9 Pharmacy/drug rooms design 30

2.10 Nurses stations design 31

2.11 Toilets design 32

2.12 Corridors design 33

2.13 Lounge rooms design 34

2.14 Spiritual area / Hall design 35

2.15 Hairdressers area design 36


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2.16 Caf / Internet caf area design 37

2.17 Maintenance area design 38

2.18 Pan/sluice room design 39

2.19 Reception area design 40

2.20 Therapy area design 41

2.21 Dressing room (clinical) design 42

2.22 Doctors room design 43

2.23 Training room design 44

2.24 Outdoor areas design 45

3 The Principles and Process of Safe Design 46

3.1 Levels and areas of responsibility 46

3.2 The Safe Design Process Steps 46

3.3 Risk Management 51

Industry Case Study 2, Eldercare Incorporated SA, Risk Management 53

3.4 Development of aged care facilities: a seven step guide 54

3.5 Business efficiency 57

3.6 Sustainability 57

Industry Case Study 3, Southern Cross Care (SA) Incorporated, Sustainability and Safe

Work design

58

3.7 Lifecycle stages of various product types 59

Appendices 60

A Definitions 61

B Aged Care Industry - Generic Hazard Register 63

C Pre-purchase criteria for equipment and products 63

D Type, frequency, nature and cost of injuries and illness 63

References 64

Australian Standards 64


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1. INTRODUCTION

These guidelines have been developed in consultation with key industry stakeholders, including employer and

employee representatives, to assist organisations within the Aged Care Industry in South Australia in the safe design

of facilities and equipment.

The guidelines aim to provide persons embarking on design projects with a clear set of guidelines that will enable a

balanced outcome that will meet not only the requirements of compliance codes and regulations but will also meet the

needs of the residents/clients. The guidelines endeavour to assist in the provision of a satisfactory standard ofcomfort and care in a pleasant and safe environment.

The guidelines consider the legislated Occupational Health Safety and Welfare requirements, and the roles and

responsibilities of owners and designers in safe design.

The guidelines have been developed to support other legislation, codes and standards that control the general

aspects of product safety, such as the: Building Code of Australia, the Development Act, Trades Practices Act and

the Electrical Products Act.

1.1 WHY SAFE DESIGN?

Safe design eliminates any OHS hazards and minimises any potential OHS risk, by involving decision makers and

end users when considering the life cycle of the designed-product.

A safe design approach will generate a design option that eliminates OHS hazards or minimises the risks to those

who make the product and to those who use it.(2)

Safe design may offer cost benefits and improved efficiencies throughout the lifecycle of the building and/or product.

These guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive, and recognise that there will be cost limitations for the

development, redevelopment, refurbishment and production of buildings and products. The initial cost, ongoing

running costs, and other costs associated with the lifecycle of the building/product needs to be considered.

1.2 WHAT IS SAFE DESIGN?

Safe design is a risk management approach to the design process that eliminates OHS hazards and minimises

potential OHS risks, by involving decision makers when considering the life cycle of the designed product.

Safe design can be applied through the life cycle of the designed-product whether in the:

construction, use, maintenance or demolition of any building or structure

manufacture, supply, installation, use, maintenance or disposal of plant or equipment

manufacture, supply, use or disposal of chemicals

implementation or use of any system of work or process or any other physical attribute or system associated with

either the workplace or the interface with people.

These guidelines align with the Australian Safety and Compensation Council: National OHS Strategy 2002-2012

Eliminate the hazards at the design stage.

1.3 UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES

The needs of older people vary significantly from person to person. The principles of Universal Design encourage the

design of products and the environment for use by all people to the greatest extent possible, without the need for

adaptation or specialised design.

The seven major principles of universal design indicate a product or feature should:

provide equitable use The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities

be flexible in use - The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities

(2)Australian Safety and Compensation Council, viewed 24 November 2006

www.ascc.gov.au/ascc/HealthSafety/SafeDesign/Understanding/Whatissafedesign.htm


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be simple and intuitive to use - Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience,

knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level

convey perceptible information - The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user,

regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities

provide tolerance for error - The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or

unintended actions

require low physical effort - The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue

provide sufficient size and space for approach and use of the feature - Sufficient size and space is provided for

approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility

Note: a limitation to the principles of Universal Design is that the principles address only universally usable design,

whereas the commercial practice of design involves a broader consideration than simply for usability.

Designers must consider economic, engineering, cultural, gender, and environmental concerns as well as safety in

their design processes.

The Universal Design principles offer designers guidance to better integrate features that meet the needs of as many

users as possible. All principles may not be relevant to all designs.

For further information refer to:

Center for Universal Design (1997) Principles of universal design.

www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/about_ud/udprinciples.htm

Crews, D.E and Zavotka, S. Aging, Disability and Frailty: Implications for Universal Design (2006), Journal of

Physiological Anthropology, 25: 113-118, 2006

1.4 CONSIDERATIONS FOR SAFE DESIGN

The principles of safe design are as follows:

1.4.1 There is an understanding of the health and safety requirements of the design Decision makers are aware of their responsibility for the safety of downstream users and beneficiaries.

Decision makers understand their obligation under law to design and supply a safe product by eliminating OHS

hazards and controlling for residual OHS risk.

Health and safety is considered with equal priority to other design requirements in an overall risk evaluation of the

designed-products life cycle.

Decision makers ensure that the most current knowledge of OHS principles, materials/technology and systems are

applied in the design of the product.

Education, training standards and protocols support the requirement for decision makers to have appropriate skills

to identify and eliminate OHS hazards, and control OHS risks in the design phase.

1.4.2 There is systematic hazard identification and risk evaluation Decision makers identify OHS hazards and analyse the associated risks across the life cycle of the designed-

product.

There is consultation during the concept and detailed design phases between all people involved with the

designed product to make use of their knowledge and experience to identify and eliminate OHS hazards and

minimise risk. (These people may include, but are not limited to, the commissioning agent, manufacturers, builder,

users, employees, importers, suppliers, maintenance agencies, contractors, installers, distribution agencies and

disposers).

There is a systematic assessment of the probability and consequences of injury or illness arising from exposure to

identified OHS hazards, which guides the selection and implementation of the most appropriate OHS risk controls

for the designed-product.

Decision making during the risk evaluation process is documented and made accessible to all parties.


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A residual risk register is established; recording any OHS hazards not eliminated in the design that impose

significant risk, as well as the possible control strategies. Information from the risk register is passed onto those

involved in the downstream or subsequent life cycle stages.

1.4.3 Interaction occurs between people involved in the life cycle of the designed-product Decision makers are aware of the life cycle of the designed-product (including, but not limited to, its design,

construction/manufacture, supply/installation, use, maintenance/servicing, decommissioning, and disposal).

Decision makers consider the range of people who will use or otherwise interact with the designed-product.

Consideration is given to the OHS hazards that might arise during the designed-products life cycle, including

those due to environmental and human factors.

Relevant residual risk information in the designed-product is communicated to those who will use or interact with

the designed product throughout its life cycle.

Consideration is given to the potential disease and injury costs when assessing life cycle operating costs (including,

but not limited to, environmental clean up, decommission/dismantling, redesign/retrofit).

1.4.4 Contractual arrangements and procurement systems operate to minimise

purchased OHS risk

Purchasing and contractual arrangements (e.g. specifications, supplier pre-qualification and tenderdocumentation) include a requirement to eliminate OHS hazards, minimise OHS risks, and provide residual OHS

risk information.

The design brief or draft specifications include an agreement to carry out a safe design approach. The agreement

also includes production of a life cycle OHS risk evaluation and a residual risk register.

The designed-product includes fail-to-safe strategies for possible failure or defect impacts.

1.4.5 A sustainable designed-product result The design is monitored as it evolves to identify new OHS hazards and manage each risk as it becomes evident.

If alterations to the designed product are planned during its life, a systematic OHS risk evaluation is conducted in

the planning and design stages to eliminate OHS hazards and minimise risk.

Information relating to any new risks are fed back to the designer/manufacturer.

1.5 REASONABLY PRACTICABLE

OHS legislation requires duty holders to do what is reasonably practicable and recognises that this can occur only in

situations over which the duty holder has control.

Contractual arrangements between the owner of a proposed product and its designer may have influence over who

has control in any situation.

Deciding what is reasonably practicable may depend on the level of risk for any given situation, past experience of

those involved, what is widely known about the hazard, and the effectiveness and cost of its control strategies.


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INDUSTRY CASE STUDY 1

Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia

Ceiling lift technologyThe proprietors of Annda Hope Valley residential aged care facility investigated the use of ceiling mounted electrical

hoists in developing Stage 1 of their 71 bed facility. They considered the devices, researched the issues involved in

installing the devices into bedrooms and en suites, and conducted a cost analysis. They considered the benefits offixed systems verses the portable systems available. In a portable system, the motor can be detached from the

tracking and used across a variety of rooms. In a fixed system, the motor is attached to the tracking and dedicated to

a specific room.

The design considered the various configurations of the tracking for over the bed, bed to chair, and bed to en suite.

The devices and tracking are available in straight/curved sections, turntable junctions which allow for a change in

direction; a transverse system allowing for two-way movement (up/down and across); fixed to the ceiling; suspended

from the ceiling or recessed into the ceiling; various weight capacities up to 360kg.

Additional structural members in the ceiling were considered in the design to take the load. The main challenges

involved the design and layout of the bedroom and en suite given the fixed position of the tracking.

The aim was to make resident handling safer and more efficient, require minimal physical exertion, and reduce therequirements for storage space for mobile lifters. The hoists were also considered easy to use regardless of the floor

surface, as some textured floor surfaces make it difficult to manoeuvre mobile hoists.

Staff required training in use of the devices.

In making the decision to install the ceiling hoists, the organisation considered:

compliance with Australian Standard AS ISO 10535-2003:Hoists for the transfer of disabled persons -

Requirements and test methods

checking with the building surveyor that fire safety requirements were not compromised

weight and noise of the motor

comfort and dignity of the resident

aesthetics and compatibility with the home like environment

charging requirements.

The final design solution and safe work requirements put in place by the organisation are detailed in the photos and

building plan below.

The organisation has been pleased with the staff and resident response to using the ceiling lift technology and has

incorporated provision for more ceiling hoists to be installed in stage two of their facility development.

Refer to the obligations under the OHSW Regulations 1995 (S.A.) 1.3.2 and 1.3.3 to conduct hazard identification

and risk assessment, and implement control of risk. This requirement encompasses the life cycle impact to all

persons associated with a facility; and the subsequent and ongoing requirement to create and maintain a risk

register.


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INDUSTRY CASE STUDY 1

Annda Hope Valley, Hope Valley, South Australia

Ceiling lift technology

Photos 1-3: illustrating ceiling mounted electrical hoists.

Photo 1Photo 2

Photo 3

Plan 1: Illustrating design and layout of the bedroom and en suite and path of lifter track.


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1.6 OHS RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DESIGN

Designers of a product that is associated with a workplace, whatever that product may be, have responsibilities under

OHS legislation to ensure their design is inherently safe throughout all stages of its life cycle.

Refer to OHS&W Act 1986 (SA), Section 23A and 24, printed below.

Owners of a product that is associated with a workplace, also have responsibilities to ensure that the product, (a

building, building addition or extension, item of plant or equipment, substance or work process) is safe.

These responsibilities of both the owner and designer are in addition to any responsibilities described under other

legislation such as the Development Act, Trade Practices Act or the Electrical Products Act.

Designers may also have contractually enforceable obligations to the products prospective owner under their design

commission and brief, which may guide the direction and extent of the designers work and may instruct the designer

in relation to some issues, such as acceptance/rejection of some design change proposals.

Contractual issues may lead to concomitant responsibilities for product safety; both the designer and owner having

responsibility to ensure the product is safe throughout its life cycle, but with the owner having some control over the

extent and direction of the designers work. Contractual agreements between an owner and designer do not derogate

from their legislated responsibilities under OHS legislation.

Occupational Health Safety and Welfare Act 1986 South Australia

(Version 15.8.2005)

Section 23A Duties of designers and owners of buildings

(1) A person who designs a building that is reasonably expected to comprise or include a workplace must-

(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the building is designed so that people who might work in,

on or about the workplace are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to health; and

(b) ensure that the building complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it.

(2) The owner of a building that comprises or includes a workplace must-

(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the building, and any fixtures or fittings within the building

that are under the control of the owner, are in a condition that allows people who might work in, on or about

the workplace to be safe from injury and risks to health; and

(b) ensure that the building complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it.

(3) In this section - building includes a part of a building.

Section 24 - Duties of manufacturers etc

(1) A person who designs, manufactures, imports or supplies any plant to which this subsection applies

must-

(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the plant is designed and constructed so as to be safe-

(i) when properly used and maintained; and

(ii) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of misuse; and

(b) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the plant is designed and constructed so that people who

might use, clean or maintain the plant are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to health; and

(c) take such steps to test or examine, or arrange for the testing or examination of, the plant as are

reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b); and

(d) ensure that the plant complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it; and

(e) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that adequate information about any conditions necessary to

ensure the safe installation, use and maintenance of the plant is supplied with the plant.

(2) A person who erects, installs or modifies any plant to which this subsection applies must ensure so faras is reasonably practicable that it will be safe-


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(a) when properly used and maintained; and

(b) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of misuse.

2aa) Subsections (1) and (2) apply to

(a) any plant that is to be used, or reasonably expected to be used, at a workplace; and

(b) without limiting the operation of paragraph (a), any plant to which this Act extends by virtue of Schedule

2.

(2a) Without derogating from the operation of subsections (1) and (2), where any structure is to be erected in the

course of any work-

(a) the person who designs the structure must ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the structure is

designed so that the persons who are required to erect it are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks to

health; and

(b) any person who manufactures any materials to be used for the purposes of the structure must ensure so

far as is reasonably practicable that the materials are manufactured so that the persons who are required to

erect the structure are, in using, handling or otherwise dealing with the materials, safe from injury and risks

to health; and

(c) any person who imports or supplies any materials to be used for the purposes of the structure mustensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the materials are in such a state as to be safe to any person

who must use, handle or otherwise deal with the materials; and

(d) the person undertaking the erection of the structure must ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that

the structure is safe during the course of its erection and subsequent use.

(3) A person who manufactures, imports or supplies any substance for use at a workplace must-

(a) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the substance is in such a state as to be safe-

(i) when properly used, handled, processed, stored, transported or disposed of; and

(ii) when subjected to reasonably foreseeable forms of improper use, handling, processing, storage,

transportation or disposal; and

(b) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that the substance is in such a state that persons who might

use, handle, process, store, transport or dispose of the substance are, in doing so, safe from injury and risks

to health; and

(c) take such steps to test or examine, or arrange for the testing or examination of, the substance as are

reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b); and

(d) ensure that the substance complies in all respects with prescribed requirements (if any) applicable to it;

and

(e) ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that adequate information about any conditions necessary to

ensure its safe use, handling, processing, storage, transportation or disposal is provided in connection with

the supply of the substance.

(4) In this section-

structure includes a part of a structure.


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1.7 CONSULTATION

Consultation is an important aspect of safe design. Designing what is required and what will work, without creating

additional hazards or unnecessary increased workloads, can be achieved by including all end users in the design of

products or buildings.

Consultation involves the sharing of information and the exchange of views between people. In the workplace this is

generally applied to the interaction between employers and employees. In the case of safe design, it involves the

sharing of information between all persons involved in the development of the end product or building.

Consultation ensures that everyone involved is made aware of hazards and OHS issues experienced by employees

and residents and can take steps to eliminate them from any future designs of products or buildings.

Consultation during planning of new work or work processes, and during identification, assessment and control of

risks, provides a practical and effective platform for agreement and commitment for the prevention of work related

injury and disease.

1.8 GLOBAL DIRECTIONS

Workplace safety and safe design is a key consideration globally. Health and aged care has been identified as a high

risk industry for work place injuries. Research, policy and workplace interventions have been particularly progressive

in countries such as Canada, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, United States of America

and Australia.

In recent years, the global focus has been on eliminating or reducing hazards and injuries through promoting risk

analysis of the work environment and practices, and implementing strategies to prevent injury. Strategies for the aged

care industry include: the promotion of no lift policies, designing out potential risks in the development of new or

redevelopment of existing facilities, and consideration of the principles of universal design.

Studies on use of new technologies to support a safer work environment have also been undertaken. These include a

focus on portable patient ceiling lift devices and the use of wireless technology.

For further information refer to:

The Construction Technologies Institute, unit of Rome 2006 Health, Buildings, Typologies, Quality and

Safety

www.roma.itc.cnr.it/vers_inglese/home_ing.htm

The Living Lab Research to Facilitate Independent Living

www.sfu.ca/livinglab

Ontario Safety Association for Community and Healthcare

www.osach.ca

US Department of Labour Occupational Safety and Health Administration

www.osha.gov

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work

www.europe.osha.eu.int/info

Health & Safety Executive

www.hse.gov.uk

1.9 AGEING IN PLACE AND EMERGING ISSUES

The capacity for design to enable older people to remain in their own homes and receive care, or receive a continuum

of care in a retirement or residential facility without the need for continual relocation is an important design

consideration.

Design should be adaptable and take into account changes in peoples needs and levels of acuity, and the necessary

involvement of others (carers, family members) in the designed space.


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Design for ageing in place requires consideration of the most dependent levels of resident need. Residents with high

degrees of physical dependency often require greater space to allow staff to assist residents in a safe working

environment.

For further information and links refer to:

Department of Health and Ageing

www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/ageing-publicat-ageplace.htm

Design 4 Health National Manual Handling Campaign Industry Summary report (2005)

www.safework.sa.gov.au - follow links to Industries > Community Services > Design 4 Health

Valuing Older Workers: Preparing your business for an ageing workforce, Queensland Government

Department of Industrial Relations 2005

www.dir.qld.gov.au/pdf/ir/olderworkers_booklet2006.pdf

1.10 DESIGN FOR DEMENTIA

Residents in a dementia specific unit or wing of a residential facility require expert and complex care in a specialiseddementia program. The safe design of the building provides an opportunity to support behaviour management and

provide appropriate stimulation and orientation for residents to function at their best.

Designers need to consider issues that will influence behaviour; and which design features will enhance the dementia

program.

Such issues include:

Stimulation and control of visual, acoustic, and movement aspects, as they relate to behaviour management of

residents.

Resident cues and interfaces which support behaviour management. The use of colour, form, finish, landmarks

and multi-sensory design aspects should be considered.

Enabling planned wandering through design features, including the relationship between the internal and external

space, continuous paths, lighting and attractions.

Providing a secure environment with flexibility and freedom of movement through personal, building and perimeter

security

Centralisation of daily activities around a core element of the facility (kitchen, lounge, dining room).

Access to controls, equipment, items and spaces leading to inappropriate use by dementia residents should be

designed out of such facilities. Issues of supervision, unauthorised access and potential for risk or harm to

residents must be carefully evaluated.

For further information and links on dementia refer to:

Alzheimers Australia

www.alzheimers.org.au

Prevention and management of resistance to care report, Final report, J. Grealy, C&G Education and Research Pty

Ltd, WorkCover Grant, South Australia

www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/Industry/AgedCare/agedResources.htm

1.11 DESIGN FOR PALLIATIVE CARE

The increasing levels of acuity within residential care facilities, Ageing in Place, and the desire for people to die in

their home, makes palliative care an important consideration in the design of Aged Care environments.

The avoidance of an institutional appearance and atmosphere is considered to be particularly important in relation to

the need to take account of the complex emotions and perceptions of those in palliative care, as well as their family

and friends.


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The creation of a domestic character may be assisted by:

attention to the quality of light

exploiting views

use of colour

selection of furniture and fixtures.

The clarity of circulation is important through avoiding confusing or complicated circulation routes. The environment

should offer privacy to palliative care residents and their families, as well as a quiet environment with a higher than

normal level of sound containment and acoustic privacy. A higher than normal level of ventilation should be provided

to minimise odours. Sheltered outdoor spaces should be created in and around the area.

For further information and links on Palliative Care refer to:

Palliative Care Australia

www.pallcare.org.au

1.12 OVERHEAD LIFTERSAs No Lift procedures become more widely implemented as a means of reducing risks to workers and accidents

overhead tracking is becoming an important consideration in the design of facilities.

It is available as a portable system - where the motor can be detached and used in a variety of rooms, or in a fixed

position. Transfers using overhead tracking require minimal physical exertion, reduced transfer and storage space,

and generally require only one carer. The system is primarily used in over the bed transfers, in the bathroom, and

therapy/specialist settings. In terms of the design of a room - adequate ceiling supports are required, the room layout

will need to consider the position of the tracking, and a mobile hoist is still required for back up.

The complexity of the system will depend on the resident mix, no lift policy, other lifting equipment used and the

overall design of the facility. In addition, the issues of comfort and dignity for residents, noise, aesthetics, costs and

potential savings (storage, staff time) and ease of using need to be considered.

Structural considerations, even for future planned installation of overhead lifters, is more economic when considered

as part of the original design.

For further information and links for overhead lifters refer to:

Australian Standard AS ISO 10535-2002: Hoists for the transfer of disabled persons - Requirements and test

methods

www.standards.org.au follow links to Australian Standards

WorkSafe Victoria Designing Workplaces for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents - Guidelines for the design

of health and aged care facilities, second edition 2002.

www.workcover.vic.gov.au/publications

1.13 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

Products should be chosen which facilitate disassembly for repair and subsequent recycling of materials. Built

environments should consider issues affecting modification or demolition of structures; including recycling of

materials.

1.14 CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS (C.A.L.D.) /

ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDERS

The design process needs to consider the needs of all users; including people from Culturally and LinguisticallyDiverse Populations (C.A.L.D.), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. A range of multicultural resources and

information are available to designers, planners and service providers. It is recommended that information is sought

on design considerations as they relate to safe design and the target group(s).


17/6517

INTRODUCTION


0308

For further information and links refer to:

Multicultural SA

www.multicultural.sa.gov.au

Australian Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs

www.immi.gov.au

Aboriginal Health Council of South Australia

www.ahcsa.org.au


18/6518

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

Environments (living and working)Within Aged Care environments we must consider both the needs of persons receiving the care/service and the

service providers. A range of hazards can be identified within these environments and should be assessed, controls

implemented and evaluated to ensure a safe and healthy environment for both the care receiver and the service

provider.

Some of the hazards that are commonly identified in Aged Care environments include:

Inadequate space provision to allow for equipment to be moved in and out of an area to assist in manual handling

or for persons to freely move when using their wheelchairs or walking frames.

Flooring that is slippery, uneven, or with differing textures makes moving of wheeled equipment difficult.

Poor or inadequate lighting of the tasks or activities being undertaken, or, failing to meet specific individual needs.

Radiated noise creating noisy built environments

Poor security arrangements

Lack of privacy or individual personal space needs

Poor work flows

Distances to storage areas for equipment required or inadequate amount of storage

Colour schemes that whilst they look aesthetically pleasing create confusion for residents when seeking specific

rooms.

Ramps placed throughout facilities, making moving around and moving trolleys etc difficult, and creating

unnecessary muscular manoeuvring exertion.

Poorly designed or inadequate ventilation. Simple designs for ventilation are often the most effective and can cost

a great deal less than complex mechanised and electrical systems.

Long distances to toilets, lifts, common areas, and lounges.

Furniture purchased for use in areas is large and cumbersome, not adjustable.

There are common requirements for all room functions and environments which need to be considered in the design,

and in conjunction with the specific requirements for each room.

Examples are as follows:


19/6519

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.0 COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ROOM FUNCTIONS

Floor surfaces Specification of non-slip surfaces

Traversing between surfaces

Lighting / ventilation / noise Access to windows

Florescent filters, Lighting levels, Increase

lighting and reduce the contrasts in lighted

areas

Reduce glare from windows, Reflected glareon monitors

Colour contrasts between walls and floors

Minimise discomfort from thermal conditions

- operating temps

Air quality conditions - air movement, use of

filters

Chemical storage

Acoustics and noise

Access Door opening - clear width requirements

Door swings - access and egress

Door furniture specification requirements

Sliding doors specification requirements

e-Linkswww.workcover.com

WorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for SaferHandling of Patients/Residents

www.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications

Transferring People Safely A Practical Guide to

Managing Risk

Queensland RACF Design Guidelines

www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/

Building Code of Australia (BCA) www.abcb.gov.au

www.hermanmiller.com ergonomics

www.standards.org.au for these and other relevant

Australian Standards

AS1428 - Design for access and mobility

AS4299 - Adaptable Housing

AS1680 Interior Lighting

AS1158 - Lighting for roads and public spaces

AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces

AS 1020 The control of undesirable static electricity

AS3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of Buildings

AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air conditioning in

Buildings

AS1345 - Identification of the contents of pipes, conduits

and ducts

AS2441 - Installation of Fire hose reels

AS 3000 - Electrical Installations

AS 3008 - Electrical Installations Selection of Cables

AS 3009 - Electrical Installations- Emergency power

supplies in Hospitals

AS 1768 Lightning protection

AS 2107 - Acoustics Recommended design sound

levels and reverberation times in building interiors

AS 3671 - Traffic noise intrusion in buildings

AS 4282 - Control of obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting


20/6520

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.0 Common Requirements for all Room Functions (Cont./)

Equipment Purchasing procedures - health and safety

assessment and approval

Consultation key stakeholders (i.e. residents,

direct care staff)

Information - sufficient information about the

proposed design/product

Compatibility - with the design of the building

and work practices

Space requirement - footprint/floor area

covered by the new equipment

Access requirements - storage space, floor

surfaces compatible with the design of the

equipment

Staff movement - constraints, anchorages,

supports, manoeuvrability

Legislative requirementsActs, Regulations and Guidelines

Safety and Environmental systems Fire protection system - exits, doors,

equipment, fire rating requirements for building

and introduced materials,compartmentalisation,

Electrical/network system - Light switches, plug

outlets, cabling, lifts,

Climate regulation system - heating, cooling,

Infection control, water temperature/ flow rates,

Water reticulation, pipe work and control of

backflow,

Materials selection - low emissions, fire rating,

e-LinksAS 1670 - Fire detection, warning, control and

intercom systems

AS 2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems

AS 2293 - Emergency escape lighting and access

signs

AS 2419 Fire hydrant installations

AS 2441 Installation of fire hose reels

As 2444 - Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets

AS 3745 - Emergency control organization and

procedures for buildings

AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in patient

care

HB 260 - Hospital acquired infections Engineering

down the risk

AS 1470 - Health and safety at work

AS/NZS 2208 - Safety glazing materials in buildings

AS 4485 - Security for health care facilities

AS 3811 - Hard-wired patient alarm systems

AS 1657 - Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, andladders

www.safework.sa.gov.au then Legislation

www.workcover.vic.gov.au/vwa/home.nsf/pages/so_ag

ed pre-purchase guidelines

www.dirp.qld.gov.au/pdf/whs/plant_code2005.pdf

Plant Code of Practice


21/6521

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.0 Common Requirements for all Room Functions (Cont./)

The following practical examples provide a guide to the safe design of a specific room function:

Infection control considerations Clinical waste - treated appropriately, contained and

transported carefully. Arrangements for collection

impact on design and the location, size and

infrastructure of the aged care facility.

Waste disposal facilities - clear access to waste

disposal facilities, including sluices, section for

storage of clean items should be carefully defined

and protected from vapours, splashing or aerosols

during procedures, hand washing, equipment

washing, ultrasonic cleaning and reprocessing.

Clinical hand basins - in all areas which resident

treatment may occur with hot and cold water, non

touch taps, supplies of liquid hand wash, and

disposable paper towels. Taps should have anti

splash devices.

Impervious surfaces - areas for managing resident

blood and body waste should have smooth

impervious seamless surfaces without crevices

Work areas - adequate lighting, good ventilation

and suitable receptacles for the disposal of waste,

easy access to equipment and safe storage for

equipment not in use. Adequate bench space, at

least one stainless steel sink or trough deep

enough to accommodate instruments and other

equipment requiring cleaning (double sinks are

preferred), space for ultrasonic cleaners

Cooling towers and water systems - meet

Australian Standards

Workflow - from clean to contaminated areas

e-LinksANCAHRD Guidelines for blood and body fluid

exposures

www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf

/content/icg-guidelines-index.htm

www.safework.sa.gov.au

www.standards.org.au

AS 4031 and amendment 1 and AS/NZ 4261

and amendment 1

AS 1668.2 and Supplement 1 or State/Territory

guidelines. - ventilation

AS SET 3500, AS/NZS 3666 and StandardsAustralia Handbook HB32, AS/NZS 3896 -

cooling towers and water systems

AS/NZS 4187, AS/NZS 4815 - work flow


22/6522

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.1 EN SUITE/BATHROOM DESIGN

Function: provision of bathroom facilities for residents.

Plan: sourced from

Annda, Hope Valley,

Hope Valley, South

Australia

e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces for

Safer Handling of Patients/Residents


Design Guidelines for Queensland Residential




AS 1428.1 - Design for access and mobility

AS 3500 - Plumbing and Drainage

AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian

surfaces

AS 3666 - Air handling & Water Systems of

Buildings

AS 1668 - Interior Lighting


Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and

personal care

Ageing in place - provision for increasing

dependencies

Equipment type, dimensions, storage and

access

Workflow and Layout Clear space on both sides of the toilet

Toilet ideally located opposite door

Manoeuvrability for carers, person and

equipment

Sanitary ware Shower floor gradient

Shower alcove size requirements

Lip to shower area

Specification of basins

Specification of grab bars in the

bath/shower

Support arms on both sides of the

toilet and/or grab bars

Ease of use of taps

Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; visual problems re:

lighting/patterns/contrast


23/6523

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.2 BEDROOM DESIGN

Function: provision of bed, personal affects/furniture.

Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; tripping points; non-electric beds; manual handling; uneven floors; sharp edges on furniture; poor

levels of lighting/external glare; protruding bed controls; clutter, lack of adequate storage

Workflow and layout Required clear space on both sides, and end of the

bed

Storage of wheelchairs/walking frames,

television/entertainment equipment/computer

Access to the en-suite bathroom

Furniture / equipment beds (variable widths) and wardrobes (built in/free

standing)

side tables and chairs - ergonomic requirements

display cabinets, built in furniture

lifting machine at foot end of bed

medical equipment (eg. Nebuliser)




Design Guidelines for Queensland Residential



Building Code of Australia (BCA) -

www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1 - Design for access and mobility

AS4299 - Adaptable Housing

AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian

surfaces

AS1680 - Interior Lighting

AS3000 - Electrical Installations

AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in

patient care


Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal care

Ageing in place - provision for increasing

dependencies

Change of use - rooms may be used for other

purposes

Equipment - a variety of equipment may be used


24/6524

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.3 DINING ROOM DESIGN

Function: serving of meals and various other activities of a social nature.

Potential hazards / risks Space restrictions; tripping points, uneven floors; sharp edges on furniture; poor levels of lighting/external glare;clutter, lack of adequate storage

Workflow and layout Space for the temporary storage of mobility

equipment

Proximity of furniture and space between dining

tables to allow for easy transfer and

manoeuvrability of residents

Wheelchair and walking frame access

Food service requirements

Consideration of numbers of persons with regard to

access & egress

Access to alfresco dining

Furniture / equipment tables and chairs - ergonomic requirements

display cabinets, built in furniture

servery/ buffet/mobile trolleys

e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces

for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents

www.workcover.vic.gov.au then

publications

Design Guidelines for Queensland

Residential Aged Care Facilities


Building Code of Australia (BCA)

www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1

AS 4688 Furniture Fixed height chairs




purposes


25/6525

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.4 OFFICE AREAS DESIGN

Function: administrative tasks, storage of records.

Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; inadequate ventilation; ergonomic hazards i.e. static postures; repetitive movements; trip hazards such

as file drawers and electrical cables; security; lighting; inadequate space; limited storage; photocopiers; ventilation.

Workstation design and layout Horizontal surface and storage space needs for type

of work

Equipment requirements/data points/ adjustability

Privacy requirements

Display space / personalization

Enclosed meeting spaces

Furniture / equipmentDesks and chairs - Ergonomic requirements

Filing cabinets, display cabinets, tables, built in furniture

Separate room for photocopier

e-Linkswww.workcover.com

www.safework.sa.gov.au Safeguard No. GS

43, GS 31, GS 66/2


www.abcb.gov.au


- for these and other relevant Australian

Standards

AS 3590 Screen based workstations

AS 4438 - Height adjustable swivel chairs

AS 1680 Interior lighting

As 3080 - Telecommunications installations

HB 59 Ergonomics

www.safework.sa.gov.auConsiderations of use Change of use - rooms may be used for other

purposes



26/6526

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.5 LAUNDRIES DESIGN

Function: washing and drying/folding of residents clothes.

Potential hazards / risksBiological / infectious hazards; chemicals; temperatures; slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; Inadequate ventilation;

build up of lint & noxious gasses in washing machine filter

e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines



AS 4146 - Laundry Practice



AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces


Buildings

AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air

conditioning in Buildings



Washing machines and Dryers Specification to meet load requirements for

number of residents

Height access for loading/unloading washing

Workflow and layout requirements Demarcation of dirty linen from clean linen

Ease of use of taps

Sinks dimensions & positioning

Cupboards

Folding area, ironing facility

Chemicals Direct feed system to reduce handling,

contamination,

Secure storage of chemicals

Considerations of use Use by residents (with mobility aids)

Equipment - a variety of equipment may be

used


27/6527

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.6 KITCHEN DESIGN

Function: food preparation, serving, cold/dry storage of food supplies.

Potential hazards / risksTemperatures; chemicals; cold heat stress; electrical; machine guarding absent; latex allergy; non-ionizing radiation;

sharp objects; steam; thermal burns; slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling

e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au






AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces


Buildings

AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air conditioning

in Buildings


Safe Design of Commercial Kitchens

www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/Industry/Ho

spitality/Resources/hospResSafeDesignKitchens.ht

m

Workflow and layout requirements Commercial Kitchen design guidelines

Cooking/ reheating

Serving

Clean / dirty dishes flow

Dry and cold stores

Deliveries

Furniture and Equipment Commercial kitchen equipment

Cold storage Fridge/ freezers

Shelving/ height for access

Considerations of use Equipment - a variety of equipment may be

used


28/6528

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.7 STORAGE ROOM DESIGN

Function: storage of records, paper supplies, general supplies

Potential hazards / risksSpace restrictions; poorly maintained step/ladders; inadequate ventilation; unstable shelving / height of shelving and

stored items; cluttered





AS 1428.1 Design for access and mobility

AS 1470 Health and safety at work

principles and practices

AS 1940 The storage and handling of

flammable and combustible liquids


Workflow and Layout Ascertain total storage requirements

Type of goods and equipment to be stored

Minimum access requirements between

shelving

Shelving Load requirements

Reaching Height/ steps

Considerations of use Storage- a variety of equipment and items may

be stored including records, paper supplies,

general supplies


29/6529

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.8 COMMON ROOMS DESIGN

Function: multi-purpose room for activities, relaxation

Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems

re: patterns/contrast

e-LinksWorkSafe Victoria, Designing Workplaces

for Safer Handling of Patients/Residents

www.workcover.vic.gov.au then

publications

Queensland RACF Design Guidelines www.health.qld.gov.au/cwamb/agedguide/


www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1



Workflow and layout Allowance for Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables

sufficient for number of residents

Separation of activities passive/ active

Television visual comfort and screen

size/positioning

Ease of movement

Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking

frames

Furniture & equipment Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables

Display cupboards/ sideboards

Storage cupboards

Audio visual

Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers and personal

care


purposes



30/6530

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.9 PHARMACY/DRUG ROOMS DESIGN

Function: preparation/ management of medications, storage

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; heavy and poorly maintained drug trolleys; latex allergy; chemicals; hazardous drugs; sharps i.e.

needles; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation








AS 1940 The storage and handling of


AS/NZS 3816 Management of clinical and

related wastes


Workflow and layout Ascertain total storage requirements

Type of goods and equipment to be stored high

risk/ low risk

Minimum access widths between storage areas

Dispensing Storage cupboards / shelves

Secure storage for drugs/ medicines

Preparation areas

Considerations of use Storage- a variety of medication and supplies

Preparation - medications


31/6531

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.10 NURSES STATIONS DESIGN

Function: visual monitoring, administration tasks, records storage

e-Linkswww.workcover.vic.gov.au then publications

www.safework.sa.gov.au Safeguard No. GS 43,

GS 31, GS 66/2


www.abcb.gov.au


AS 4438 Height adjustable swivel chairs

AS 1680 Interior Lighting


AS 3080 Telecommunications installations

HB 59 Ergonomics

AS/NZS 3816 Management of clinical and

related wastes


Workflow and layout Visual access to facility areas

Access to records/ information/ computer

Ergonomics for furniture

Storage requirements

Furniture and equipment Storage cupboards

Benches/ desk

Computer

Medication trolley/ cupboard

Considerations of use A variety of equipment may be used

Administration

Nurses, carers, visiting practitioners

Potential hazards / risks Tripping; sharp edges; space restrictions; light pooling; privacy restrictions; work bench restrictions; noise; security


32/6532

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.11 TOILETS DESIGN

Function: independent or assisted ablutions.

The functional area for a wheelchair bound

patient/resident who requires assistance in a side

transfer.

The functional area for a patient/resident who can stand

on both legs. This transfer requires the option of two staff

assisting by standing either side. The wheelchair is

placed as shown in the diagram. This is also sufficient

space for a patient to transfer with the help of a swivelboard/turntable.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; light pooling; visual

problems re: patterns/contrast








AS 3500 Plumbing and Drainage

AS 3661 Slip Resistance of pedestrian surfaces

AS 3666 Air handling & Water Systems of

Buildings

AS 1668 Interior Lighting


Workflow and Layout Toilet ideally located opposite door

Minimum access space around the toilet for

manoeuvrability for carers, person and equipment

Wheelchair and walking frame storage/ access to

basin

Sanitary ware/ equipment Minimum Specifications and access space apply

Support arms on both sides of the toilet

Ease of use of taps

Considerations of use Carers/ family - assisting with transfers and

personal care



33/6533

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.12 CORRIDORS DESIGN

Function: access to a variety of functions and spaces, flow pathways for people andequipment.

Clear width refers to the unencumbered space

between the handrails.

The amount of clear width required in aged care facilities.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems

re: patterns/contrast









AS 2444 Portable fire extinguishers and fire

blankets

LayoutImpact resistance

Minimum widths apply to trafficable areas

Lines of sight

Reduce obstruction ease of access and egress

Furniture Hall table & chairs in alcoves in some

circumstances

Handrails

Fire safety equipment

Considerations of use Clear access for beds/ equipment

manoeuvrability

Residents, carers, visitors


34/6534

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.13 LOUNGE ROOMS DESIGN

Function: relaxation, watching television/DVD/video, games.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re:

patterns/contrast







www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1 Design for access and mobility


AS/NZS 2107 Acoustics Recommended

design sound levels and reverberation times in

building interiors


Workflow and layout Allowance for Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables

sufficient for number of residents

Separation of activities passive/ active

Television visual comfort and screen size/positioning

Ease of movement

Access and storage for wheelchairs and walkingframes

Furniture & equipment Lounge chairs/ recliners and tables

Display cupboards/ sideboards

Storage cupboards

Audio visual



purposes



35/6535

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.14 SPIRITUAL AREA/HALL DESIGN

Function: spiritual fellowship, quiet contemplation,

Potential hazards / risks Space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast;

blocked or locked egress routes; double door problems with travel paths; loose safety rails; splintered safety rails;

slipping hazards from spills/wet floors; broken or torn flooring







www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1 Design for access and mobility


AS/NZS 2107 Acoustics Recommended

design sound levels and reverberation times in

building interiors


AS 1470 Health and safety at work principles

and practices


AS 2444 Portable fire extinguishers and fire

blankets


Workflow and layout Maximum numbers of users at any one time

Access for wheelchairs and walking frames

Visual comfort and lectern height/positioning

Consideration of numbers of persons with regard

to access & egress

Impact resistance

Minimum widths apply to trafficable areas

Lines of si ht

Furniture Lectern

Religious items

Chairs

Tables

Handrails

Fire safety equipment

Considerations of use Carers - assisting with transfers

Change of use - room may be used for other

purposes


Clear access for resident wheelchairs /

equipment manoeuvrability

General public, visitors

Recessed storage for equipment and supplies


36/6536

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.15 HAIRDRESSERS AREA DESIGN

Function: grooming of residents hair. May incorporate beauty treatment in somecircumstances and be used for other purposes.

Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; personal emergency - door locked; light pooling; visual

problems re: patterns/contrast.







www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1 - Design for access and mobility




Workflow and layout Separation of activities washing/ drying/ beauty

treatments

Storage requirements/ Separation of storage for

hair products


frames

Basins and Furniture Minimum Specifications for basins & wash area

layout

Manoeuvrability and positioning of chairs

Ease of use of taps/ handheld shower outlets

Storage cupboards




37/6537

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.16 CAFE/INTERNET CAFE AREA DESIGN

Function: meeting place for visitors, residents and staff to enjoy leisure time, eat/drinkand use computers.

Photo sourced from Annda, Hope Valley, Hope

Valley, South Australia

Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; inadequate ventilation; sharp edges; tripping; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast;

ergonomic hazards from poorly laid out computer areas; lack of space for wheelchairs to access computers;

overcrowding; slips from spills.




Queensland RACF Design Guidelines -



www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1




Layout Ease of movement around tables & chairs

Separation of activities (i.e. caf versus internet

cubicles)

Minimum access/ traffic flow pattern for sales

counter


frames

Bins/ rubbish removal

Commercial kitchen design requirements

Furniture Tables & chairs

Serving counter

Computer visual comfort and screen

size/positioning



purposes



38/6538

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.17 MAINTENANCE AREA DESIGN

Function: workshop activities, storage of supplies, tools, plant and electrical equipment,chemicals.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling








AS 1940 - The storage and handling of


Workflow and layoutWorkshop workflow requirements

Storage requirements for portable & fixed equipment

Minimum access widths and working area around

machinery & equipment

Furniture Work bench - heights/ adjustability/

manoeuvrability

Desk & chair/ notice board

Shelving height and accessibility

Garden equipment/ machinery

Considerations of use

Garage/ store of excess equipment & supplies



39/6539

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.18 PAN/SLUICE ROOM DESIGN

Function: disposal of blood and body waste, cleaning of equipment.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; biological and infectious waste; chemicals; latex

allergy; slips from spills; ventilation

e-LinksQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -



AS 2437 - Flusher/sanitizer for bed pans and

urine bottles



AS 3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian

surfaces


Buildings

AS 1668 - The use of ventilation and air

conditioning in Buildings

AS 1680 - Interior Lighting

HB 260


Workflow and layout Storage requirements

Access widths and working area around wash

area

Height of washing areas and washing hose

hook-up

Basins and equipmentMinimum Specifications and access space apply

Equipment for managing human waste

Ease of use of taps

Considerations of use Nurses/ carers/ cleaners

Equipment - a variety of equipment may be

used


40/6540

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.19 RECEPTION AREA DESIGN

Function: phone reception, receiving visitors/members of the general public/contractors.

Potential hazards / risks Tripping / sharp edges/ space restrictions/ light pooling/ visual problems re: patterns/contrast; security; ergonomic

hazards form poor workstation design

e-Linkswww.safework.sa.gov.au - Safeguard No. GS

43, GS 31, GS 66/2


www.abcb.gov.au

www.standards.org.au - for these and otherrelevant Australian Standards




As 3080 - Telecommunications installations

HB 59 Ergonomics


Workflow and layout Exit and Entry traffic flow through main doors

Reception counter positioned to avoid congestion

Delineated waiting areas separate from traffic

flow/reception

Wheelchair and walking frame access/ storage

Displays of information

Furniture Reception counter functionality and ergonomics

Waiting chairs and tables ergonomics

Considerations of use Public access/ visitors/ contractors

Carers/ family - assisting residents



41/6541

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.20 THERAPY AREA DESIGN

Function: provision of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, group therapy activities,treatment rooms/cubicles/screened areas.

Potential hazards / risksSlippery/wet floors; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling; visual problems re: patterns/contrast







www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1



AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity

in patient care


Workflow and Layout Required number of therapy suites/ cubicle

Multi purpose therapy floor area as per service needs

Waiting areas to suit wheelchair and walking frame

access and storage

Space around massage tables/ lifting equipment

Hydro therapy - issues regarding pool safety/ traffic

flow

Storage requirements for therapy equipment

Furniture/Equipment Provisions for lifting equipment/ ceiling mounting

Therapy beds access for patient and staff

Gym equipment/ basins/ sinks

Storage cupboards/ privacy screens

Considerations of use Aids & Carers - assisting with transfers


purposes



42/6542

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.21 DRESSING ROOM (CLINICAL) DESIGN

Function:, storage of dressings, equipment, treatment preparation.










AS/NZS 3816 - Management of clinical and

related wastes


Workflow and layout Positioning of cupboards and bench/ sink to assist

workflow

Sufficient trolley turning space

Storage requirements specific to items and

equipment

Furniture / equipment Built in cupboards/ benches/storage

Mobile dressing trolley

Bench top fridge for medications/ dressings

Basin/ sink

Considerations of useNurses/ carers

Equipment type, dimensions, storage and access

Potential hazards / risks Tripping; sharp edges; space restrictions; space restrictions; privacy; temperatures; latex allergy


43/6543

PRACTICAL EXAMPLES


0308

2.22 DOCTORS ROOM DESIGN

Function: visiting general practitioners for consulting with residents. The room may beused by allied health practitioners depending on the facility infrastructure and siterequirements.

Potential hazards / risks Tripping; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; light pooling









AS/NZS 3816 - Management of clinical and

related wastes

AS 2500 - Guide to the safe use of electricity in

patient care


Workflow and layout Access and storage for wheelchairs and walking

frames

Location of Patient bed/ desk for ease of

consultation

Separation of storage requirements (i.e. medical

supplies)

Basins Specification of basins

Ease of use of taps

Considerations of use Use by multiple practitioners/ nurses


Furniture / equipment Desk/chairs and computer

Patient bed/ lifting equipment/ steps

Storage of medical supplies

Storage units/ built ins for paperwork/ reference

material


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2.23 TRAINING ROOM DESIGN

Function: in-service education, staff and management meetings, education resources.The training room may be used for other purposes such as an interview room and staffroom depending on the facility infrastructure and site requirements.

Potential hazards / risks Tripping; space restrictions; inadequate ventilation; visual problems re: patterns/contrast; lighting







www.abcb.gov.au


AS1428.1



Workflow and layout Access and circulation around tables and

chairs

Consideration of location of fixed audio visual

equipment for presentations

Consideration of numbers of persons with

regard to access & egress

Furniture / equipment Audio visual equipment

Tables & chairs ergonomics

Storage/ display cupboards

Side board

Portable whiteboard/ screen

Considerations of use Multiple use as a meeting/ board room

Staff & visitors


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2.24 OUTDOOR AREAS DESIGN

The design of the site plan incorporating the facility buildings in relation to the outsideareas is important regarding the access to the building, lighting, ventilation, the creationof separate areas for residents, secure gardens, and management/maintenance. Thetypes of vegetation, pathways, access points and screening/shelter are also importantto consider in the overall plan.

Potential hazards / risks Slippery/wet paths; space restrictions; inadequate shelter; inadequate light; poorly secured; uneven surfaces

e-LinkQueensland RACF Design Guidelines -






AS 1657 - Fixed platforms, walkways,stairways, and ladders

AS1158 - Lighting for roads and public spaces

AS3661 - Slip Resistance of pedestrian

surfaces

AS1345 - Identification of the contents of pipes,

conduits and ducts

AS2441 - Installation of Fire hose reels

AS 1768 Lightning protection

AS 3671 - Traffic noise intrusion in buildings

AS 4282 - Control of obtrusive effects of

outdoor lighting

http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/

Crime Prevention Through Environmental

Design

www.penrithcity.nsw.gov.au/index.asp?id=860

Flow and layout Variety of accessible and inaccessible

landscape areas

Consideration of therapeutic and sensory

plantings/ raised garden beds

Screening and shelter/ activity areas

Minimum access widths for paths around

buildings, passing spots, materials

Way finding

Furniture and fixtures Perimeter fencing - security and design

Water features - safety features and

management

Outdoor chairs and tables - heights and

ergonomics

Garden ornaments & lighting

Garden equipment

Considerations of use Equipment - a variety of equipment may be

used


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3. THE PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS OF SAFE DESIGN

3.1 LEVELS AND AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY

The principles of safe design were considered in section 1.3 above and, therefore will not be covered in detail here.

As an explanation of applying the principles of safe design in a process for the industry to utilise, the principles of safe

design can be summarised as:

Owners and designers levels of responsibility are equivalent to those of any employer under the OHS legislation

and are based on their responsibility to take reasonable steps to eliminate hazards and minimise risks, to th

standard for old age.pdf

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