sprinkler irrigation kvg

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Page 2: Sprinkler irrigation kvg

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

presentation on :-

Subject: - Micro irrigation system design

Presented by: -BARIA DIPAK ( PAGEN-091-2012 )

KAUSHAL .V. GADARIYA (PAGEN-097-2012)

CHETAN CHAUHAN (PAGEN-092-2012)

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WHAT IS SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

• Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall.

• Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping at pressure above 2 kg/cm2.

• It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

• Pressurized irrigation through devices called sprinklers

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INTRODUCTION

• Water is a key factor in increasing agricultural production, in such case irrigation is most important factor.

• One such method of modern irrigation is sprinkler irrigation system which is becoming more and more popular among the farmers across the developed country.

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SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

• Spraying Water like a natural rainfall.• Water pressure through Nozzle.• pressure is provided by a pump.• Selection of nozzle sizes, operating pressure

and spacing.

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COMPONENTS OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

• Water source - open well / tube well / bore well / canal etc.

• Pumping unit - centrifugal, submersible• Sprinkler - main and lateral pipe lines, riser pipe,

sprinklers (nozzles)

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Other accessories used in sprinkler irrigation system : -

1. Reducers

2. Elbows

3. End plug Tees

4. Regulators and Gauges

5. Valves

6. Filters

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SOIL SUITABILITY• Suitable for lands and on shallow soils.• Best suited to coarse sandy terrain.• Suitable in undulating terrain.• Adopted in hilly regions.

• all crops are suitable except crops like paddy, jute, etc.

• The dry crops, vegetables, flowering crops, orchards, plantation crops like tea, coffee are all suitable and can be irrigated through sprinklers.

CROPS SUITABILITY

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SELECTING THE MOST APPROPRIATE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

While selecting a sprinkler system, the most important physical parameters to be considered are: -

1) The crop or crops to be cultivated.

2) The shape and size (acres) of the field.

3) The topography of the field.

4) The amount of time and labor to operate the system.

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TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

There are many types of Sprinkler systems available in the market.

On the basis of the arrangement for spraying irrigation water, sprinkler systems are classified as :

1. Rotating head system

2. Perforated pipe system

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Fig: - Perforated pipe system

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Fig: - rotating head system

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There are many types of rotating head sprinklers: -

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IMPACT SPRINKLERS

Impact Arm

Spreader Nozzle

Range (Drive) Nozzle

Bearing

Two-nozzle, bronze impact sprinkler

Trajectory Angle

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Pop-up, part-circle impact sprinkler head

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- Water jet strikes a plate or pad.- Pad spreads the water and may be smooth or serrated.- Popular on center pivot and linear move systems.

Spray Pad devices

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-Energy in the water turns a turbine that rotates the nozzle through a gear train.- Typically used in large, open turf/landscape areas

Gear-driven rotors (rotary heads)

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Centre pivot system

• Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called waterwheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.

• A circular area centered on the pivot is irrigated, often creating a circular pattern in crops when viewed from above (sometimes referred to as crop circles).

• Most center pivots were initially water-powered, and today most are propelled by electric motors.

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Fig: - Centre pivot sy

stem

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SPRINKLER PERFORMANCE

- Diameter of Coverage-- Maximum diameter wetted by the sprinkler at a rate that is significant for the intended use-- Depends on operating pressure and sprinkler and nozzle design (including trajectory angle)- Sprinkler distribution for at different operating

pressure- Overlapped sprinkler- Wind problem

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SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION FOR AT DIFFERENT OPERATING PRESSURE

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Overlapped Sprinklers

Uniform Application: Overlap 50% of sprinkler wetted diameter

Non-uniform Application: Overlap << 50% of sprinkler wetted diameter

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Wind problem

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ADVANTAGES OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

• Sprinkler irrigation does not require surface shaping of leveling.

• Can be applied to areas of variable topography.• Flexibility is possible because sprinkler heads are

available in a wide range of discharge capacities.• cost of laboUr is generally reduced. • Erosion of soil can be eliminated. • Chemical and fertilizer applications are easily used with

sprinkler systems. • No special skills trained personal can operate the system

reasonably well.

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• Frequent and light irrigation possible giving better response from the crops.

• Increase in yield and quality, early ripening, water conservation and alternative value of specific period saving of labor, machinery, fertilizer and pesticides.

• Soil moisture is maintained at optimum level by sprinkler irrigation and 20 higher yields are obtained of crops and the quality of other crops is also good.

advantages contd......

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LIMITATIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

1. Uneven water distribution due to high winds.

2. Evaporation loss when opening under high temperatures.

3. Highly impermeable soils are not suitable.

4. Initial cost is high.

5. Proper design.

6. Lack of package of practices.

7. Lack of awareness.

8. Lack of social concern to save natural resources.

9. High water pressure required in sprinkler(>2.5kg/cm2).

10. Difficulty in irrigation during wind in sprinkler.

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THANK YOU