sports&soc ses 09 origins sport catalonia spain
TRANSCRIPT
Sport in contemporary history(and its origins in Spain & Catalonia)
Ses 09
Sports and SocietyXavier Carmaniu Mainadé
Characterics of modern sportStarted in England in 18th – 19th century.Sport is an activity with rules that players
have to know and follow.It’s a competitive activity.Sports are structured in clubs and
organizations.Majority of sports come from ancient and
traditional activities (entertainment games).After the UK, sports expanded to Europe.
Timeline of 19th century in SpainPolitically unestable century (a lot of military
coups)1808-1814: Napoleon War. 1814-1833: Fernando VII (absolutism).1833-1868: Isabel II (stability).1868-1874: Sexenio Democrático
(progressive era).1873: 1st Republic (just 11 months, 4
presidents).1875: “Restauración” (Restoration of the
monarchy) (Alfonso XII).
A way of lifeIn spanish also the word
was sport” (no “deporte”).
Not just a practice it was a way of life.
Sport was associated with:modernity.High cultural level.Technical innovations.
Cyclist (1890)
Reasons for the expansion of sportIndustrialization cities + middle-class
(burgeoisie).Liberal politics (new political ideas).International comercial relationships.
Foreigners + natives with modern interests = burgeoisie
Domestic Expansion: from exclusive minority to the majority.
Sport gave the possibility to jump social classes.
The bourgeoisie: the key to the processSocial class linked
with industrialization.
They were the elite not the aristocrats.
Economic power.High cultural level.New ways to spend
free time in the cities.
The city: the necessary spaceSport can only happen with human
participation. Demographical growth and urban
modernisation (city walls taken down).New ways to spend time in urban spaces
(entertainment culture).Physical activity is seen as a life style for
modern countries. Main cities: Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao.
Smaller cities as well (after).
What sports were practiced? Gyms appeared first.
Two types:Groups of people
created a gym.Private businesses that
charged for its services.
They were a high class space used for socializing.
Also used to promote health.
Before 1914, there were 60 different sport associations.
The 5 most popular sports in this time were:Soccer (the most popular).Cycling.Tennis.Nautic sports.Hiking.
The first steps
Ad from a newspaper Cádiz, 1868
The “Dandy Horse”.1850sWood structure + metallic wheels.22 kgs. (48,5 pounds)Without pedals.Velocity: 13kms/ h. (8 miles /h.)
Penny Farthing models
Cycling RIDING A BIKE HAD A LOT OF
MEANINGS: Social Distinction (they were
expensive machines). It paid attention to modern
interests (bike was the last modern invention).
First bike just for sport, but also used as a form of transport (It’s the same as motorbikes, cars and planes).
Cycling was the first sport that appeared on the streets: this allowed sports to be viewed on the streets.
“safety bicycle”1885, John Kemp
Sartley.The 2 wheels were
the same size.Chain on the back
wheel.Sartley didn’t patent
the invention, so it became popular.
1888 John Dunlop invented tires.
1885: Sociedad Velocipédica de Madrid.
1887 similar clubs in Barcelona, Lleida, Oviedo and Vigo.
1890 "El Ciclista", first sport magazine in Barcelona.
6 ciclyng clubs existed in Madrid by in 1896.
Evolution begin in 1859 from a mix of different traditional sports.
1872 the first tennis club in England was founded.
1877 Wimbledon started.
1888 Universal Exhibit of Barcelona organized friendly matches.
Intellectuals & tennis1900-1930 a lot of catalan intellectuals
played tennis:Pau (Pablo) Casals, musician.Josep Carner, poet.J. V. Foix, poet.Pompeu Fabra, linguistics (author of catalan
grammar).Before 1939 (civil war) the catalan culture
was modern and european (and sport was very popular).
Pompeu Fabrab. 1868 – d. 1945.Father of modern
catalan grammar. 1932 Dictionary of
Catalan.Died in the exile
(escaping Franco’s Dictatorship).
Poetry and tennisJOSEP CARNER b. 1884 – d. 1970Poet.Translated the best
english authors: Shakespeare, Dickens.
Nickname: ”The prince of catalan poets”.
He died in exile.
Joc del tennis / Juego del tennisAnaves damunt l'herba de la
pradai volava el teu braç adolescent,i pel filat de la raqueta alçadatravessava la llum del sol ponent.La pau dominical tan desesmadai ta faç d'angeleta i el rabent joc seriós m'encisen la diada.D'un rector reformat, pàl·lidament,et veia filla; entorn del presbiteri collies roses; contes de misteriamaves i blancatge i els infants. Jo, oficial, de Singapur venia.Alt vermellenc, et feia cortesia ...Carros de fenc passaven odorants.
Por la hierba del prado caminabas, y volaba tu brazo adolescentei y por la red de la raqueta alzada se filtraba la luz del sol poniente.
La paz dominical, desanimada, tu rostro angelical y aquel veloz y serio juego todo lo embrujaban.
Te veía, borrosa, hija de un párroco reformado. Cogías rosas cerca del
presbiterio y te gustaban loscuentos de misterio, el blanco de las paredes y los niños.
Yo, oficial, de Singapur volvía. Alto, ruborizado, te saludaba ... Pasaban olorosos carros de heno.
Pau Casalsb. 1876 - d. 1973Musician, composer.The best celloist of XXth
century. He died in exile (Puerto
Rico) he gave money to other spanish and catalans exiled.
ONU gave him the gold medal (1971).
The best popular song was “The song of birds”.
Catalonia & sport: evolved from two processes 1. Evolution from:
a)Traditional military disciplines : fencing, equestrianism, shooting. From the military quarters
to clubs or gyms.
b)Popular sports: racket ball, boxing (entertainment, betting).
2. Influence from english sports (thanks to relationship with foreigners).
Territorial expansionSport came by way of industrial, comercial and coastal areas :• Girona:
• Figueres & cycling• Very close to French border.• 1891 Sport Figuerense.
• Palamós & soccer• 1898 the first club with only native people was founded.
• South Area • Tarragona: harbor.• Reus: very comercial city.
• Central Area• Barcelona: harbor, arrival point for foreigners.• Industrial cities (textile sector): Sabadell, Terrassa, Mataró.• (Professional industrial workers from other countries worked
and enjoyed free time there).
The first years of sport in Barcelona
Reasons:There was a demand for
urban entertainment.1860 gymnastics and
acrobatics were trendy.1870s was trendy to go
swimming in the sea.1883 Racetrack in Can
Tunis (it was a place for the bourgeoisie = Liceu (opera house).
Pool tables in popular cafes.