Sponges and Cnidarian Review

Sponges

• Which Phylum do Sponges belong to?– Porifera

• What does Porifera mean?– Pore-bearing

• For many years sponges were classed as plants. Why?

http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg

Sponges

• Why are Sponges now classified as animals?– They do not produce their own food!

• Do sponges have tissues or organs?– NO!

• Which type of symmetry do they have?– Radial

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Sponges

• How do sponges get their food?– Extract it from water as it flows through the sponge

• What are the openings known as that the water can flow through?– Pores

• Which cells use their tails to remove food from the water?– Collar cells

Sponges

• What is the name for the large opening at the top of the sponge where the waste and new sponges exit?– Osculum

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/spongex.GIF

Sponges

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Sponges

• What gives the sponge support?– Spicules or the spikes

• How do they reproduce?– Sexual reproduction– Asexual reproduction

• Do their “young” stay next to them?– No

http://www.microlabgallery.com/gallery/images/SpongeSpicules.jpg

Sponges

• What is the advantage of having their young swim away?– They will not be competing for resources with

them

• Facts!• Sponges are sessile – fused to the ground• Larval stage is free swimming• Radial symmetry helps them detect things

all around themselves

http://reefguide.org/pix/thumb2/orangeballsponge1.jpg

http://reefguide.org/pix/pinklumpysponge1.jpg

Cnidarians

• Includes jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones

• How do they move?– Slow swimming or don’t move at all

• Do they chase their prey?– No, they move slowly they eat what they

“bump” into

Cnidarians• What do their use to kill or stun their prey?

– Stinging cells– Cnidocytes – cell name– Nematocysts – harpoon like structure that

they fire once to stun the prey

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Cnidarians

http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/portjell.gif

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Cnidarians

http://www.tampabay.com/multimedia/archive/00024/a4s_manowar052308a_24572c.jpg

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Cnidarians – Sea Anemone

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Cnidarians - Coral

http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/2/23/1298488013408/Coral-reef-near-Fiji-007.jpg

Cnidarians

• What are the two body types that they can have?– Polyp (sessile) Asexual – Medusa (swimming or free-floating)Sexual

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Cnidarians

• What type of symmetry do they have?– Radial

• They have a nerve net which they use to detect and sense what is around them

• Where does the undigested food go?– Back through their mouth because they have

only 1 opening.

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