1. HALLOWEEN

2. All Hallows' Eve st31 October Day before All Hallows' Day (All Saint's Day) ''hallowed'' = holy, sanctified 3. History 7th century Pantheon in Rome consecrated st13th May All Saint's Day th1 November (8 century) for western church First Sunday after Passover the Orthodox church 4. Hallowe'en and Samhain festival Samhain Celtic (/sa.wn/, /sa.wn/)Gaelic word 'end of the summer'Smoothing the conversion processE. Britannica 'in an effort to supplant the Pagan holiday with a Christian observance' Oxford D. - 'absorbed and adopted the Celtic new year festival, the eve and day of Samhain' Theory indipendent of Samhain 5. Halloween in America More common in southern colonies (N = protestants) 'play parties', public events to celebrate the harvest, sharing stories of the dead, telling fortunes, dancing, singing thMiddle of 19 century annual festivities, but not Halloween ndth2 half of 19 century immigrants (Ireland, Scotland, England) 6. Traditions BonfiresMasks and costumesTrick-or-treating 7. Trick or Treat 'A Beggers Night'1920s young throwing partiesWWII toned down (sugar rationing & mood)After WWII bulding houses, suburbs popular 1950s & 60s baby boom important family activity Since 1990s mostl indoors (busy parents & children's safety) Malls events 8. Jack-o'-lantern (Jack O'Lantern)=carved pumpkinTerm & practice of carving out of NA Jack a lazy farmer who uses a cross to trap/ trick the Devil Apple tree crosses couldn't get down Both agree on not taking Jack's soul heaven/hell pumpkin The Devil as a coin 9. Costumes Little documentation on costuming before 20 th century1930s - in storesTo immitate supernatural and scary beingsVampires, ghosts, skeletons, witches, devils, Pop culture figures presidents, film, tv and cartoon characters 10. Superstitions Mystery, magic, superstitionFeeling close to deceaseddinner table, leaving treats, lighting up candles, Black cats witchLaddersBreaking mirrorsStepping on cracs in the road 11. Superstitions Identifying future husbands A ring burried in mashed potatoes true love to finderBurning hazelnutsConcoction of walnuts, hazelnuts and nutmeg dreamDark room, mirrors, candle 12. Sources www.halloweenhistory.orgwww.history.comOxford DictionariesGoogle.comThe Worst Halloween costumes ever 13. Thank you for attention