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Page 1: Specialty Gases - Home | Technische Gase zum Schweissen ... · Specialty Gases Specialty Gases. Title page: The atmosphere Sundown in orbit. The earth's atmosphere, photographed from

Specialty Gases

Spec

ialty

Gas

es

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Title page: The atmosphere

Sundown in orbit. The earth's atmosphere, photographed from an altitude of 300 kilometers during the D-2 Mission (April/May1993). A pink-colored layer can be seen about 15 kilometers high. The color indicates particles of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate, caused in turn by an immense presence of sulfur particles – released a few days before by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

Photo with the kind permission of the DLR German Aerospace Center.

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About This Catalog

Many fields of application in high-tech-

nology industrial processes, research and

development, instrumentation and medicine

require high-purity gases, high-quality gas

mixtures and appropriate gas handling

equipment such as efficient pressure

regulators and customized gas supply

systems.

In this catalog we present the

broad range of our product lines

and services. We also provide a

wealth of important and useful

information on the safe handling

of our products.

Should you have any further

questions, we will gladly send you

additional detailed information.

Our team of qualified specialists near you

and in our headquarters will solve your

specific problems quickly and precisely.

Years of experience and a strongly de-

veloped sense of quality, safety and en-

vironment form the basis for high customer

benefits and long-lasting, successful

partnerships.

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Content

Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . 3 – 5

Pure Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 53Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Acetylene to Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 53

Gas Mixtures / Calibration Gas Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . 54 – 71

Instrumentation Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 – 77

Gases in Small Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 – 87Linde Small Steel Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Linde minican® pressure cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Linde Plastigas® bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Gas Supply Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 – 95

Specialty Gas Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 - 103Gas analytical service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Environmentally-compatible disposal and recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Containers for Specialty Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 – 115

Information, Tables and Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 – 137

Order Processing Information and Terms and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 – 142

Extract from the Linde Product Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

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Quality, Safety and

Environmental

Protection

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Quality, Safety, Environmental Certificate for our operations in Germany.Similar certificates exist in other countries

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Quality, Safety and Environmental Protection

Quality, safety and environmental protection in the pro-duction, transportation and use of our products are animportant part of our corporate philosophy. Our new poli-cy in this field (see overleaf) also defines our responsibili-ty to our customers, employees, the authorities, societyat large and the environment.

Quality

We introduced a certified quality management systembased on ISO 9001 in most of our group companies world-wide. We also meet other specifications, e.g. in the fields ofnuclear technology, medicine and pharmacy as well as for theautomotive and semiconductor industries.

Our specialty gas activities are, therefore, firmly embeddedin a comprehensive quality management system.

Safety

Safety is of essential importance to our work. The aim ofour publications on the characteristics, transportation andhandling of our products is to ensure their safe use. Details onthis are included in this catalog. Our customer consultantsand safety experts will also gladly help you in your individualquestions and problems.

Environmental protection

It is our concern that no harm to the environmentemanates from our gases at any stage from production andstorage through distribution to use and disposal. We realizethis on the basis of applicable laws and in some cases evengo beyond them.

Integrated QSE Management System withcertificate

Linde was the first gas company in Germany to introduce amanagement system for quality, safety and the environment(QSE) in its operations and to have it certified for all its busi-ness premises according to DIN EN ISO 9001 (quality ma-nagement), SCC (safety management) and DIN EN ISO 14001(environmental protection management). Meanwhile a numberof operative units in other countries followed this example.

The aim of our management system is to ensure constantimprovement in our internal and external services. We placesimilar demands on our suppliers, service-providers and salespartners.

Customer complaints and deviations from our internalstandards are systematically analyzed and detailed correctiveand preventative measures introduced. Work processes areregularly checked for efficiency and our employees encour-aged to improve their qualifications. In this way we will con-tinually improve our products, processes and services.

Advantages to our customers

The general objectives of our integrated QSE ManagementSystem are:

Environmentally safe products and services Safety in their supply and use Constant high product quality Individual, competent advice Consistent orientation to the needs of our customers

5

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Pure Gases

7

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Sample extraction

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Pure Gases

Linde's current product portfolio of pure gases isintended to cover as many fields of application inproduction, work safety, environmental protectionand research and development as possible. Its spe-cial gases for the semiconductor industry are alsoincluded in this chapter. An overview of the mostimportant information on them is listed under "Elec-tronic Gases".

To aid in finding the gases, the index that followsincludes old or customary gas names in addition topresently applicable terminology. The descriptions ofthe gases contain details of their purities, completecylinder information as well as all major gas data andproperties. Further physical specifications, vaporpressure curves, etc. can be found in the chapter"Information, Tables and Diagrams".

Industrial gases and their mixtures are not dealtwith in detail in this catalog. Separate literature isavailable on these gases. An overview of the entirerange of Linde gases is contained at the end of thiscatalog.

Important information for the use of thesegases

Definition of purity: The minimum purity of agas refers to the specified impurities that characteri-ze the pure gas. The specific limits for the impuritiesare not exceeded. In the case of gases withoutdetails on impurities, the specification of their purityis to be seen as a typical value.

In the case of a number of high purity gases,every filled cylinder is accompanied by a certificateof analysis confirming that the maximum limits forimpurities have not been exceeded. This is noted forthe gas purities to which it applies. It does not applyto "Gases in Small Containers". Cylinder fillings fre-quently display purities that are higher than thosewhich have been guaranteed. Even if this shouldoccur repeatedly, it should nevertheless not be takenas any assurance of uniformly higher purities.

Purity information: The purity of the gases is indicated bya short suffix serving as an abbreviated indication of the mini-mum content of a pure gas. The first digit in the suffix indica-tes the number of "nines" in the specification of the gas's puri-ty in percent. The second digit indicates the first decimal placenot "nine". The first and second digits are separated by apoint.

Examples: Ethylene 2.8 means 99.8 % purityArgon 6.0 means 99.9999 % purity

Instead of the short suffix, a few gases have an applicati-on-related suffix, e.g. Nitrogen CO-free. Irrespective of theminimum purity indicated in the product description, thesegases have an especially low residual content of certain other-wise troublesome impurities.

Percentage information: The percentages indicated inconjunction with purities or impurities are mole percents (idealvolume percentages). Extremely low percentages are indicat-ed in ppm or ppb (1 ppm = 1 part per million = 10-4 %; 1 ppb = 1 part per billion).

Volume information: Unless otherwise expressly stated,the following applies: 1m3 of gas is the volume of gas that will filla cube having an edge length of 1 m at a temperature of 15 °Cand a pressure of 1 bar. One liter of gas is one thousandth ofthe gas volume thus defined. Unless otherwise expressly noted,pressures indicated in bars are absolute pressures. The volumeinformation for gases with a critical temperate Tc ≥ -10 °C is given in kg.

New color coding

Pursuant to the new EN 1089 Part 3 the color coding iseffected on the cylinder shoulder. The color of the cylindershoulder is given for every gas under "Identification".

Since the standard provides for a transitional period forimplementation extending to the year 2006, cylinders with theold color coding can also be in circulation up to this point intime. Both types of cylinder identification are therefore shownin this catalog.

Further information on the change to the new color codingcan be obtained from every Linde Sales Center.

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Leuna Gas Production Center

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Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Arsine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Boron trichloride . . . . . . . . . . .26

Boron trifluoride . . . . . . . . .16/26

1,3-Butadiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Butane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

i-Butane = Isobutane . . . . . . . . .36

1-Butene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

i-Butene = Isobutene . . . . . . . . .37

n-Butane = Butane . . . . . . . . . . .17

Carbon dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Carbon monoxide . . . . . . . . . .20

Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21/26

Chlorodifluoromethane . . . . . .21

Chloromethane . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Chlorotrifluoromethane . . . . . .26

Deuterium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Dichlorosilane . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Difluoromethane . . . . . . . . . . .26

Dimethyl ether . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2,2-Dimethylpropane . . . . . . . .23

Dinitrogen monoxide =

Nitrous oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . .26/45

Dinitrogen tetroxide =

Nitrogen dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Disilane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Electronic Gases . . . . . . . . . . .26

Ethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Nitrogen trifluoride . . . . . . . . .26

Octafluorocyclobutane . . . . . .26

Octafluoropropane . . . . . . . . .26

Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Phosphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Propene = Propylene . . . . . . . . .49

Propylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

R 13 = Chlorotrifluoromethane . .26

R 14 = Tetrafluoromethane . .26/51

R 22 = Chlorodifluoromethane . .26

R 23 = Trifluoromethane . . . .26/51

R 32 = Difluoromethane . . . . . . .26

R 41 = Fluoromethane . . . . . . . .26

R 116 = Hexafluoroethane . . .26/32

R 218 = Octafluoropropane . . . .26

R C318 = Octafluorocyclobutane 26

Silane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Silicon tetrafluoride . . . . . . . . .26

Sulfur dioxide . . . . . . . . . . .26/50

Sulfur hexafluoride . . . . . . .26/50

Tetrafluoromethane . . . . . .26/51

Trifluoromethane . . . . . . . .26/51

Vinyl chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Ethene = Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Ethylene dichloride =

Vinyl chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Ethylene oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Fluoromethane . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Germane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Helium-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Hexafluoroethane . . . . . . . .26/32

Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Hydrogen bromide . . . . . . . . . .26

Hydrogen chloride . . . . . . . . . .35

Hydrogen sulfide . . . . . . . . . . .36

Isobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Isobutene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Isobutylene = Isobutene . . . . . . .37

Krypton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Laughing Gas =

Nitrous oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . .26/45

Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Methyl chloride =

Chloromethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Neon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Neopentane =

2,2-Dimethylpropane . . . . . . . . .23

Nitric oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . .26/41

Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Nitrogen dioxide . . . . . . . . . . .45

Nitrous oxide . . . . . . . . . . . .26/45

Pure GasesIndex

11

(Linde's names for the gases are printed in boldface type)

Name PageName Page Name Page

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F-AAS (Flame atomic absorption spectrometry) for the analysis of individual elements with acetylene as fuel gas

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≥ 99.6 (referred to C2H2without acetone)

Hydrogen compoundsof As, S and P

≤ 5

10 18 1.620 18 3.240 19 8.0

1 – 1.1000.909 – 1

≥ 99.6

Hydrogen compoundsof As, S and P

≤ 10N2 ≤ 4000

40 25 1.2

1 – 1,1000,909 – 1

≥ 99.98 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 8.59 110 8.59 5.3

0.38 8.,59 0.18

1 1.058 0.7220.945 1 0.6821.386 1.466 1

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:ent:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Sublimation temperature at 1.013 barBoiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Maroun RAL 3009Acetylene for Flame photometry/Acetylene solvent-freeYoke fitting, DIN 477 No. 3

Highly flammable

–C2H226.038 g/mol308.33 K ( 35.18 °C)189.12 K (-84.03 °C)

0.905

Yellow RAL 1018Ammonia 3.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Liquefied gas, toxic, caustic,flammable, environmentallyharmful50 ppmNH317.030 g/mol405.55 K (132.40 °C)

239.75 K (-33.40 °C)

0.596

See page 26 for higher purities

Acetylenefor Flamephotometry(dissolved in acetone)

Acetylene(solvent-free)

Ammonia 3.8

13

Pure Gases

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar kg

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar kg

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20° C, bar kg

Containers:

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Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Steel cylinders

Cylinder bundles

Linde minican®

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

≥ 99.998

O2 ≤ 3N2 ≤ 10H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.5

10 200 2.150 200 10.7

600 200 128.4600 300 183.6

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

≥ 99.998

O2 ≤ 3N2 ≤ 10H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.5

10 200 2.150 200 10.7

600 200 128.4

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 5H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 0.2

10 200 2.150 200 10.7

600 200 128.4600 300 183.6

1 12 12 l

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Dark green RAL 6001Argon 4.8/for spectrometry/5.0

Filling pressure 200 bar: W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Filling pressure 300 bar (bundles):W 21.80 x 1/14, 477 No. 6 (pressure regulating valve

< 200 bar) and ISO 5145 No. 0170 (standard valve to 300 bar)Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–Ar39.948 g/mol150.75 K (-122.40 °C)87.29 K (-185.86 °C)

1.380

Argon is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers.. In this case the technicalequipment required is provided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the moststringent demands.

Argon 4.8 Argon for spectrometry

Argon 5.0

14

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

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Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

≥ 99.9993

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1

Yes

2 200 0.410 200 2.150 200 10.750 300 15.3

0.38 200 80 l

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

≥ 99.9996

O2 ≤ 0.7N2 ≤ 1H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 2.150 200 10.7

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

≥ 99.9999

O2 ≤ 0.5N2 ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 0.5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 2.150 200 10.7

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Dark green RAL 6001Argon 5.3/5.6/6.0

Filling pressure 200 bar: W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Filling pressure 300 bar (single cylinder): M 30 x 1,5 INT, DIN 477 No. 52

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–Ar39.948 g/mol150.75 K (-122.40 °C)87.29 K (-185.86 °C)

1.380

Argon is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers. In this case the technicalequipment required is provided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the moststringent demands.

Argon 5.3 Argon 5.6 Argon 6.0

15

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

Pure Gases

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Dark green RAL 6001Argon 7.0

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Compressed gas, suffo-cating, chemically inert

–Ar39.948 g/mol150.75 K (-122.40 °C)87.29 K (-185.86 °C)

1,380

The LI-PUR® system satis-fies even the most stringentdemands.

≥ 99.99999

O2 ≤ 30H2 ≤ 30H2O ≤ 50CnHm ≤ 30CO ≤ 30CO2 ≤ 30Halogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents ≤ 1

Yes

10 150 1.6

1 1.197 1.6690.835 1 1.3940.599 0.717 1

Argon 7.0

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppb:

Certificate of analysis:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylindersAluminum cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

16

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

Yellow RAL 1018Boron trifluoride 1.6

1, DIN 477 No. 8

Compressed gas, highly toxic, caustic

1 ppmBF367.805 g/mol260.95 K ( -12.20 °C)172.85 K (-100.30 °C)

2.370

See page 26for higher purities

Red RAL 30001,3-Butadiene 2.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1Liquefied gas, toxic, carciogenic (Cat. 2), highly flammable5 ppm (preliminary value)C4H654.09 g/mol425.15 K (152.00 °C)268.65 K ( -4.50 °C)

1.926

≥ 96

0.38 100 0.24

1 1.804 2.8670.554 1 1.5890.349 0.629 1

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

7 2.48 3

1 3.584 2,.3300.279 1 0.6500.429 1.538 1

Boron trifluoride1.6

1,3-Butadiene 2.5

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Certificate of analysis:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Steel cylinders

Steel drums

Linde minican®

Conversion factors:

Containers:

Red RAL 3000Butane 2.5/3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1Liquefied gas, highly flammable

1000 ppmC4H1058.123 g/mol425.16 K (152.01 °C)272.65 K ( -0.50 °C)

2.085

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

7 2.06 327 2.06 1179 2.06 38

950 2.06 485

1 2.06 0.5

1 4.196 2.5220.238 1 0.6010.397 1.663 1

Butane 2.5

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

≥ 99.95 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 500

Yes

7 2.06 327 2.06 11

1 4.196 2.5220.238 1 0.6010.397 1.663 1

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 5000

2 2.62 0.87 2.62 3

79 2.62 40

1 3.836 2.4170.261 1 0.6300.414 1.587 1

Butane 3.5 1-Butene 2.5

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Red RAL 30001-Butene 2.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1Liquefied gas, highly flammable

–C4H856.107 g/mol419.55 K (146.40 °C)266.90 K ( -6.25 °C)

1.998

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18

≥ 99.9 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 500N2H2O ≤ 250CnHm ≤ 50

2 57.29 1.510 57.29 7.550 57.29 37.5

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

≥ 99.995 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 15N2 ≤ 30CO ≤ 1H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 2

Yes

2 57.29 1.510 57.29 7.550 57.29 37.5

0.38 57.29 0.28

1 Filling pressure 21 g12 bar

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

≥ 99.998 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 10CO ≤ 1H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 2

Yes

10 57.29 7.550 57.29 37.5

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

Grey RAL 7037Carbon dioxide 3.0/4.5/4.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Liquefied gas, suffocating

5000 ppmCO244.01 g/mol304.21 K ( 31.06 °C)194.65 K (-78.50 °C)

1.528

Carbon dioxide is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers. In this case thetechnical equipment required is provided by Linde.

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Linde minican®

Carbon dioxide3.0

Carbon dioxide4.5

Carbon dioxide4.8

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Conversion factors:

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Containers: Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

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19

Pure Gases

Grey RAL 7037Carbon dioxide 5.3/SFC/SFE/SFE high purity

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6 (double valve with submerged pipe for SFC/SFE & SFE high purity)

Liquefied gas, suffocating

5000 ppmCO244.01 g/mol304.21 K ( 31.06 °C)194.65 K (-78.50 °C)

1.528

Carbon dioxide is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers. In this case thetechnical equipment required is provided by Linde.

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Aluminum cylinders

Steel cylinders

≥ 99.9993 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 3CO ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 1

Yes

10 57.29 7.550 57.29 37.5

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

≥ 99.9993 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 3CO ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 1

Yes

10 57.29 610 approx. 120* 5.540 57.29 3040 approx. 120* 22

* Heliumsupportingpressure

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

≥ 99.9996 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 2CO ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.01Halogenated hydrocarbonsin CCl4 equivalents

≤ 0.01 ppbYes

10 57.29 610 approx. 120* 5.5

31.5 57.29 19.631.5 approx. 120* 17.3

* Heliumsupportingpressure

1 1.569 1.8480.637 1 1.1780.541 0.849 1

Carbon dioxide5.3

Carbon dioxideSFC/SFE

Carbon dioxideSFE high purity

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Conversion factors:

Containers: Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, (-56,6 °C,1 bar) 5,2 bar)

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20

Yellow RAL 1018Carbon monoxide 2.0/3.0/3.7

1 LH, DIN 477 No. 5

Compressed gas, toxic, highly flammable, toxic for reproduction (development) (Cat. 1)30 ppmCO28.01 g/mol132.91 K (-140.24 °C)81.62 K (-191.53 °C)

0.967

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

≥ 99

N2 ≤ 4000O2 ≤ 3000ArH2 ≤ 1500CnHm ≤ 500

2 100 0.210 150 1.540 150 5.9

480 200 93.2

*Aluminum cylinders

1 1.484 1.1700.674 1 0.7890.855 1.268 1

≥ 99.9

N2 ≤ 750O2 ≤ 60ArH2 ≤ 250CnHm ≤ 50

10 150 1.540 150 5.9

*Aluminum cylinders

1 1.484 1.1700.674 1 0.7890.855 1.268 1

≥ 99.97

N2 ≤ 300O2 ≤ 10Ar ≤ 20H2 ≤ 100CnHm ≤ 10H2O ≤ 10

Yes

10 150 1.540 150 5.9

0.38 130 50 l1 12 12 l

*Aluminum cylinders

1 1.484 1.1700.674 1 0.7890.855 1.268 1

Carbon monoxide2.0

Carbon monoxide3.0

Carbon monoxide3.7

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Cylinder bundlesLinde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

*

**

**

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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21

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 6.88 2.510 6.88 12.5

0.38 6.88 0.45

1 1.924 3.0070.520 1 1.5630.333 0.640 1

Yellow RAL 1018Chlorine 2.8

1, DIN 477 No. 8

Liquefied gas, toxic, irritating,environmentally harmful

0,5 ppmCl270.906 g/mol417.15 K (144.00 °C)239.05 K ( -34.10 °C)

2.486

See page 26 for higher purities

Chlorine 2.8

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Yellow RAL 1018Carbon monoxide 4.7

1 LH, DIN 477 No. 5

Compressed gas, toxic, highly flammable, toxic forreproduction (development)(Cat. 1)30 ppmCO28.01 g/mol132.91 K (-140.24 °C)81.62 K (-191.53 °C)

0.967

≥ 99.997

N2 ≤ 5O2 ≤ 5Ar ≤ 15H2 ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 2H2O ≤ 5

Yes

10 150 1.540 150 5.9

*Aluminum cylinders

1 1.484 1.1700.674 1 0.7890.855 1.268 1

Carbon monoxide4.7

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

**

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Bright green RAL 6018R 22 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Liquefied gas, suffocating,environmentally harmful

–CHClF286.48 g/mol369.15 K ( 96.00 °C)232.37 K (-40.78 °C)

3.034

≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

7 9.22 7

1 2.597 3.6700.385 1 1.4130.272 0.708 1

Chlordifluoro-methane 2.8R 22

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20° C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

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22

≥ 99.9Enrichment ≥ 99.8 %

2 50 0.110 100 150 100 550 200 8.9

1 12 12 l

1 1.0265 0.16670.9742 1 0.16245.9988 6.1576 1

DeuteriumStabile H2 isotope

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Red RAL 3000

Deuterium

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highlyflammable

–D24.029 g/mol38.35 K (-234.80 °C)23.57 K (-249.58 °C)

0.138

Purity, %: ≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 5.0 0.27

1 2.131 2.1370.469 1 1.0030.468 0.997 1

Red RAL 3000

Chloromethane 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, harmful, carcinogenic (Cat. 3), highly flammable

50 ppmCH3Cl50.488 g/mol416.25 K (143.10 °C)249.39 K ( -23.76 °C)

1.767

Chloromethane2.8

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

Label

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20° C, bar kg

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23

Pure Gases

Purity, %: ≥ 99.9 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 5.31 0.2

1 2.673 1.9640.374 1 0.7350.509 1.361 1

Red RAL 3000Dimethylether 3.0

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highlyflammable1000 ppmC2H6O46.069 g/mol400.10 K (126.95 °C)248.33 K ( -24.82 °C)

1.624

Dimethyl ether 3.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers: Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Red RAL 30002,2-Dimethylpropane 2.0

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highlyflammable1000 ppmC5H1272.15 g/mol433.78 K (160.63 °C)282.65 K ( 9.50 °C)

2.641

≥ 99 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 1.49 0.16

1 5.297 3.1940.189 1 0.6030.313 1.658 1

2,2-Dimethyl-propane 2.0

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

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24

Electronic gases for high-tech use

The demands of the microelectronics industry are growingfrom day to day. Linde's response has been to engage in aprogram of ongoing product development to meet even themost stringent of requirements. We support our customers inthe optimization of their processes by delivering gases of thehighest purity to their point of use. An indispensable prere-quisite for this development work is cooperation between userand supplier in a spirit of trust and confidence.

Electronic gases, however, are not only used in microelec-tronics, but also in other fields of high technology, e.g. in theproduction of optical glass fibers, surface coating of materialsand glasses as well as in the production of sensors and solarcells.

Production of high-purity electronic gases

Thanks to its own production operations and procurementon the world market, Linde can guarantee reliable availabilityof its products. Where necessary, the products are purifiedfurther in our own purification plants for optimum conformityto our customers' requirements.

Special containers and their preparation

Particular care is made in the selection of the containersand cylinder valves because the quality of high-purity gasesdepends on the containers and fittings to a significant extent.

Proven materials used include hardened and temperedsteels with inner surface treatment, passivated aluminum alloyor (electropolished) stainless steel. In the case of the cylindervalves there are simply no alternatives: stainless steel valvemodels are employed exclusively since they have demonstrat-ed their superiority in comprehensive tests with respect tomajor properties such as low particle generation, leak tight-ness, purging, handling and reliability. On request, valves withflow restrictors (reduction of the cross-sectional area at thevalve outlet) and pneumatic valves can also be supplied.

To meet even the highest standards, supply concepts areoffered in which the connections between valve and cylinderand between valve and gas supply system are designed withmetallic seals. This enables a supply system for gases frompressurized gas containers to be designed in stainless steelthroughout, from the storage container all the way to the pointof use.

In addition to the selection of the ideal container materialfor the particular gas in question, pretreatment of the contai-ners also plays a crucial role. The containers are subjected tointensive treatment using turbomolecular pumps and testedfor particle emissions and residual contamination before beingfilled.

Preparation of cylinders for electronic gases

Analysis of corrosive gases using a special sampling system

Electronic gases

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Filling of ultra-high purity gases and gas mixtures

To prevent cross-contamination with other process gases,cylinders are only refilled with similar gases or gas mixtures.Every cylinder is individually controlled and all relevant infor-mation documented in an electronic database.

Both the cylinder inventory as well as the filling equipmentare kept strictly segregated by gases. Sophisticated equip-ment and perfect gas handling preclude any loss in purityduring filling of the containers. The filling procedure is alsocombined with purification measures (reduction in gaseousimpurities, filtration). Gas mixtures are prepared gravimetricallyby means of high-precision electronic scales.

Quality assurance

Decades of experience in the analysis of calibration gasmixtures (e.g. with corrosive components) and with trace ana-lysis in ultra-high purity gases have made it easier to imple-ment and optimize analysis methods for quality assurance ofelectronic gases. In addition, special sampling techniqueshave also been developed, mainly for corrosive gases andmetal trace analysis.

Leading-edge methods of gas chromatography, (FT-) infra-red absorption, atomic absorption and (ICP-) mass spectro-metry as well as particle counting are available for qualityassurance.

Within the scope of the final inspection, information on thepurity and the individual specifications of the product are pro-vided on the certificate of analysis for every cylinder of gas.

Quality management for electronic gases

In the field of electronic gases quality, certification to DINEN ISO 9001 means not only that every filled cylinder ischecked in a final analysis, but also that intermediate tests arecarried out in every step of production for process control pur-poses. The results of these tests are, for example, regularlyevaluated in the form of SPC data for the pretreatment of con-tainers and used for ongoing process improvement.

Pilot plant for large-scale secondary purification of HCl

Container for chlorine:layout developed by Linde

Electronic gases

Pure Gases

25

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26

Gas Purity

Gas Purity

The key products in our line of electronic gases are shown in the obove table. The ultra-high purities offered by Class 5.0/6.0represent the best qualtities that are presently available on the elctronic gases market. Further information is given in productleavlets and safety data sheets available from your local Linde representative on our Export Head Office.

The employment of high-quality products, some of which have extreme chemical and toxicological properties, necessiatesgas supply systems that incorporate professionally sophisticated concepts, designs and construction. In this regard see chapter“Gas Supply Systems”.

A number of standard mixtures for use in the electronic industry is to be found on page 71.

Key products in the Linde product line

Doping gas mixtures and further reactive gases on request

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Dichlorosilane SiH2Cl2 50 Ωcm 150 ΩcmSilane SiH4 300 Ωcm 2000 Ωcm

2.0/3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.8 5.0/5.5/6.0Ammonia NH3 Arsine AsH3 Boron trichloride BCl3 Boron trifluoride BF3 Chlorine Cl2 Chlortrifluoromethane CClF3 Disilane Si2H6 Germane GeH4 Difluoromethane CH2F2 Fluoromethane CH3F Hexafluoroethane C2F6 Hydrogen bromide HBr Hydrogen chloride HCl Nitric oxide NO Nitrogen trifluoride NF3 Nitrous oxide N2O Octafluorocyclobutane C4F8 Octafluoropropane C3F8 Phosphine PH3 Silicon tetrafluoride SiF4 Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 Tetrafluoromethane CF4 Trifluoromethane CHF3

Electronic gases

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Pure Gases

Red RAL 3000Ethylene 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highly flammable

–C2H428.054 g/mol282.65 K ( 9.50 °C)169.43 K (-103.72 °C)

0.974

≥ 99.8

O2 ≤ 30N2 ≤ 150Other CnHm ≤ 1800

2 120 0.710 120 3.750 120 18.5

1 12 13 g

* Filling pressure greatly de-pendent upon temperature

1 2.074 1.1780.482 1 0.5680.849 1.761 1

Ethylene 2.8

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure*

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Red RAL 3000Ethane 2.5/3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highly flammable

–C2H630.069 g/mol305.42 K ( 32.27 °C)184.47 K (-88.68 °C)

1.046

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 5000

2 37.76 0.810 37.76 3.950 37.76 19.5

1 Filling 14 gpressure12 bar

1 2.315 1.2650.432 1 0.5470.791 1.830 1

≥ 99.95 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 450

Yes

2 37.76 0.810 37.76 3.950 37.76 150.38 37.76 0.15

1 2.315 1.2650.432 1 0.5470.791 1.830 1

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Ethane 2.5 Ethane 3.5

27

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

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28

≥ 99.95

O2 ≤ 15N2 ≤ 50Other CnHm ≤ 450

Yes

2 62 0.410 120 3.750 120 18.50.38 120 0.14

* Filling pressure greatly de-pendent upon temperature

1 2.074 1.1780.482 1 0.5680.849 1.761 1

≥ 99.9 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 1.4 0.26

1 2,.141 1.8990.467 1 0.8870.527 1.127 1

Red RAL 3000Ethylene oxide 3.0

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, toxic, irritating, highly flammable,carcinogenic (Cat. 2), gene-modifying (Cat. 2)1 ppm (preliminary value)C2H4O44.053 g/mol468.93 K ( 195.78 °C)283.60 K ( 10.45 °C)

1.570

Ethylene 3.5 Ethylene oxide3.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers: Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure*

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Red RAL 3000Ethylene 3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highly flammable

–C2H428.054 g/mol282.65 K ( 9.50 °C)169.43 K (-103.72 °C)

0.974

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Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Brown RAL 8008Helium 4.6/5.0/ECD

Filling pressure 200 bar: W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Filling pressure 300 bar (bundles):W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6 (pressure regulating

valve < 200 bar) and ISO 5145 No. 0170 (standard valve to 300 bar)Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–He4.0026 g/mol5.21 K (-267.94 °C)4.22 K (-268.93 °C)

0.138

The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the most stringent demands.

≥ 99.996

O2 ≤ 5N2 ≤ 20H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 1

10 200 1.850 200 9.1

600 200 109.2600 300 157.2

20500 200 3730

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 0.2

10 200 1.850 200 9.1

1 12 12 l

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1Halogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents

≤ 1 ppb

Yes

10 200 1.850 200 9.1

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

Helium 4.6 Helium 5.0 Helium ECD

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Cylinder bundles

TrailersLinde minican®

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

29

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30

Helium as lifting gas for balloons, airships and dirigibles

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

≥ 99.9993

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1

Yes

2 200 0.410 200 1.850 200 9.1

0.38 200 70 l

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

Helium 5.3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Brown RAL 8008Helium 5.3

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffoca-ting, chemically inert–He4.0026 g/mol5.21 K (-267.94 °C)4.22 K (-268.93 °C)

0.138

The LI-PUR® system satis-fies even the most stringentdemands.

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31

Pure Gases

≥ 99.99999

O2 ≤ 30H2 ≤ 30H2O ≤ 50CnHm ≤ 30CO ≤ 30CO2 ≤ 30Halogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents ≤ 1

Yes

10 150 1.4

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

Helium 7.0

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Steel cylinders

Aluminum cylinders

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppb:

Certificate of analysis:

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Brown RAL 8008Helium 5.6/6.0/7.0

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–He4.0026 g/mol5.21 K (-267.94 °C)4.22 K (-268.93 °C)

0.138

The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the most stringent demands.

≥ 99.9996

O2 ≤ 0.7N2 ≤ 1H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 1.850 200 9.1

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

≥ 99.9999

O2 ≤ 0.5N2 ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 0.5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 1.850 200 9.1

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

Helium 5.6 Helium 6.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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Liquid HeliumGland for siphon diameters10/12/12.7/16/18 mmOMT coupling for 250 and450 liter containers

Cryogenically liquefied gas,suffocating, chemically inert–He4.0026 g/mol5.21 K (-267.94 °C)4.22 K (-268.93 °C)

0.138

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Vacuum insulated dewars

Purity, %:

30 – 450

1 1.336 0.16700.7485 1 0.12505.988 8.000 1

≥ 99.99 Enrichment ≥ 99.9

1 2 – 15 2 – 15

0.38 2.6 – 26 1 – 10

1 2.169 0.1280.461 1 0.0597.813 16.949 1

≥ 99.8

2 33 210 33 10

* Filling pressure greatly de-pendent upon temperature

1 3.625 5.8290.276 1 1.6080.172 0.622 1

Bright green RAL 6018R 116 2.8W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffo-cating, chemically inert–C2F6138.01 g/mol292.85 K ( 19.70 °C)194.95 K (-78.20 °C)

4.817See page 26 for higher purities

Liquid Helium Helium-3Stable He isotope

Hexafluoroethane2.8R 116

Watercapacity

liters

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

LabelValve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)Other types of supply:

Containers: Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar Liter

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure*

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Brown RAL 8008

Helium-3W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffo-cating, chemically inert–3He3.016 g/mol3.33 K (-269.82 °C)3.19 K (-269.96 °C)

0.106

32

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33

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.5

10 200 1.850 200 8.9

600 200 106.820500 200 3650

to 33000 to 5875

1 12 12 l

1 1.188 0.08410.8418 1 0.0708

11.890 14.124 1

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1Halogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents

≤ 1 ppb

Yes

10 200 1,850 200 8,9

1 1.188 0.08410.8418 1 0.0708

11.890 14.124 1

Hydrogen 5.0 Hydrogen ECD

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

Label

Valve outlet:

Properties:MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Cylinder bundlesTrailers

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

≥ 99.9993

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.2

2 200 0.410 200 1.850 200 8.9

0.38 200 65 l

1 1.188 0.08410.8418 1 0.0708

11.890 14.124 1

Hydrogen 5.3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Red RAL 3000

Hydrogen 5.0/ECD/5.3

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH , DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highly flammable–H22.016 g/mol33.24 K (-239.91 °C)20.38 K (-252.77 °C)

0.0695

Hydrogen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers. In this case the technical equipment required is provided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the most stringent demands.

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34

Steam reformer for the production of hydrogen in Milazzo (Italy)

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35

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

≥ 99.9996

O2 ≤ 0.7N2 ≤ 1H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 1.850 200 8.9

1 1.188 0.08410.8418 1 0.0708

11.890 14.124 1

≥ 99.9999

O2 ≤ 0.5N2 ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 0.5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 1.850 200 8.9

1 1.188 0.08410.8418 1 0.0708

11.890 14.124 1

Hydrogen 5.6 Hydrogen 6.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Red RAL 3000Hydrogen 5.6/6.0

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highly flammable

–H22.016 g/mol33.24 K (-239.91 °C)20.38 K (-252.77 °C)

0.0695

Hydrogen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in roadtankers. In this case the technical equipment required isprovided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even themost stringent demands.

Yellow RAL 1018Hydrogen chloride 2.8

1, DIN 477 No. 8

Liquefied gas, toxic, caustic

5 ppmHCl36.461 g/mol324.69 K (51.54 °C)188.12 K (-85.03°C)

1.270

See page 26 for higher purities

≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 42.6 1.510 42.6 7.4

0.38 42.6 0.25

1 1.290 1.5360.775 1 1.1910.651 0.840 1

Hydrogen chloride 2.8

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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36

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Yellow RAL 1018Hydrogen sulfide 2.5

1 LH, DIN 477 No. 5

Liquefied gas, highly toxic,highly flammable, environ-mentally harmful10 ppmH2S34.08 g/mol373.20 K (100.05 °C)212.95 K ( -60.20 °C)

1.187

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 17.9 1.310 17.9 6.7

1 1.567 1.4340.638 1 0.9150.697 1.093 1

Hydrogen sulfide2.5

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Steel drumsLinde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Red RAL 3000Isobutane 2.5/3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highly flammable

1000 ppmC4H1058.123 g/mol408.13 K (134.98 °C)261.45K ( -11.70 °C)

2.079

Isobutane 2.5 is also available liquefied, in road tankers.

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 5000

7 3.04 327 3.04 1179 3.04 38

950 3.04 465

1 3.04 0.45

1 4.237 2.5140.236 1 0.5930.398 1.685 1

≥ 99.95 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 500

Yes

2 3.04 0.87 3.04 3

27 3.04 11

0.38 3.04 0.16

1 4.237 2.5140.236 1 0.5930.398 1.685 1

Isobutane 2.5 Isobutane 3.5

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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Bright green RAL 6018Krypton 4.0/4.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–Kr83.80 g/mol209.40 K ( -63.75 °C)119.80 K (-153.35 °C)

2.900

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Steel cylinders

Linde minican®

≥ 99.99

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 20H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 1H2 ≤ 2Xe ≤ 20Ar ≤ 5

2 80 20010 80 100050 140 10000

1 12 12

**Filled by weight,1 liter corresponds to 3.51 g

1 1.453 3.5070.688 1 2.4130.285 0.414 1

≥ 99.998

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 5H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 1H2 ≤ 1Xe ≤ 3Ar ≤ 2Yes

2 80 20010 80 100050 140 10000

**Filled by weight,1 liter corresponds to 3.51 g

1 1.453 3.5070.688 1 2.4130.285 0.414 1

Krypton 4.0 Krypton 4.8

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

37

Pure Gases

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar liters**

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar liters**

≥ 99.95 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 450

Yes

2 2.68 0.87 2.68 3

1 3.863 2.4180.259 1 0.6260.413 1.597 1

Red RAL 3000Isobutene 3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highlyflammable

–C4H856.107 g/mol417.85 K (144.70 °C)266.03 K ( -7.12°C)

1.999

Isobutene 3.5

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Red RAL 3000Methane 2.5/3.5/4.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highly flammable

–CH416.043 g/mol190.53 K ( -82.62 °C)111.63 K (-161.52°C)

0.555

≥ 99.5

O2 ≤ 100N2 ≤ 600H2 ≤ 500Other CnHm ≤ 3000

10 200 2.550 200 12.6

600 200 151.2

1 1.588 0.6710.630 1 0.4231.490 2.366 1

≥ 99.95

O2 ≤ 30N2 ≤ 200H2 ≤ 20Other CnHm ≤ 300

Yes

10 200 2.550 200 12.6

1 12 12 l

1 1.588 0.6710.630 1 0.4231.490 2.366 1

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Steel cylinders

Cylinder bundlesLinde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

≥ 99.995

O2 ≤ 5N2 ≤ 20H2 ≤ 5Other CnHm ≤ 20H2O ≤ 5

Yes

2 100 0.210 200 2.550 200 12.6

0.38 140 70 l

1 1.588 0.6710.630 1 0.4231.490 2.366 1

Methane 2.5 Methane 3.5

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers: Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Methane 4.5

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

38

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Methane 5.5

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Red RAL 3000Methane 5.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Compressed gas, highlyflammable–CH416.043 g/mol190.53 K ( -82.62 °C)111.63 K (-161.52°C)

0.555

≥ 99.9995

O2 ≤ 0.5N2 ≤ 4H2 ≤ 0.1Other CnHm ≤ 1H2O ≤ 2

Yes

2 100 0.210 200 2.550 200 12.6

1 1.588 0.6710.630 1 0.4231.490 2.366 1

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Steel cylinders

39

Pure Gases

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers:

Environmentally friendly drive technologywith CNG (compressed natural gas) as fuel

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Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Bright green RAL 6018Neon 3.5/4.5/5.0

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–Ne20.179 g/mol44.40 K (-228.75 °C)27.10 K (-246.05 °C)

0.696

≥ 99.95

O2 ≤ 3N2 ≤ 10H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 0.2He ≤ 200

2 100 20010 100 100050 200 9100

1 0.698 0.8421.432 1 1.2061.188 0.829 1

≥ 99.995

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 5H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 0.2He ≤ 20

2 100 20010 100 100050 200 91000.38 200 701 12 12

1 0.698 0.8421.432 1 1.2061.188 0.829 1

≥ 99.999

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1He ≤ 5

Yes

2 100 20010 100 1000

1 0.698 0.8421.432 1 1.2061.188 0.829 1

Neon 3.5 Neon 4.5 Neon 5.0

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar liters

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar liters

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar liters

40

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Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabelValve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Steel drums

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

41

Pure Gases

Yellow RAL 1018Nitric oxide 2.51, DIN 477 No. 8

Compressed gas, highly toxic, caustic25 ppmNO30.006 g/mol180.15 K ( -93.00 °C)121.40 K (-151.75 °C)

1.034

≥ 99.5

2 50 0.110 50 0.550 50 2.6

0.38 38 15 l

1 0.962 1.2501.040 1 1.3000.800 0.769 1

Nitric oxide 2.5

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

≥ 99.996 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 5H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.5

10 200 250 200 10

600 200 120600 300 156

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

≥ 99.999 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.2

10 200 250 200 10

600 200 120600 300 156

1 12 12 l

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

Black RAL 9005Nitrogen 4.6/5.0Filling pressure 200 bar: W 24,32 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 10Filling pressure 300 bar (bundles): W 24,32 x 1/14, DIN 477 No.10 (pressure regulating valve< 200 bar) and ISO 5145 No. 0170 (standard valve to 300 bar)Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–N228.013 g/mol126.20 K (-146.95 °C)77.35 K (-195.80 °C)

0.967

Nitrogen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers, orfrom nitrogen service vehicles in the case of low requirements from 5 to300 l. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the most stringent demands.

Nitrogen 4.6 Nitrogen 5.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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42

Laser-beam cutting with LASPUR® laser gases

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43

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Black RAL 9005Nitrogen CO-frei/ECD/5.3

Filling pressure 200 bar: W 24,32 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 10Filling pressure 300 bar (single cylinder): M 30 x 1,5 INT, DIN 477 No. 52

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–N228.013 g/mol126.20 K (-146.95 °C)77.35 K (-195.80 °C)

0.967

Nitrogen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers, or from nitrogen servicevehicles in the case of low requirements from 5 to 300 l. The LI-PUR® system satisfieseven the most stringent demands.

≥ 99.999 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.2CO ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

≥ 99.999 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1Halogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents

≤ 1 ppb

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

≥ 99.9993 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 2H2O ≤ 2CnHm ≤ 0.1

Yes

2 200 0.410 200 250 200 1050 300 13.0

0.38 200 72 l

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

NitrogenCO-free

NitrogenECD

Nitrogen 5.3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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44

Nitrogen 5.6 Nitrogen 6.0 Nitrogen 7.0

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Black RAL 9005Nitrogen 5.6/6.0/7.0

W 24,32 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 10

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–N228.013 g/mol126.20 K (-146.95 °C)77.35 K (-195.80 °C)

0.967

Nitrogen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers, or from nitrogen servicevehicles in the case of low requirements from 5 to 300 l. The LI-PUR® system satisfieseven the most stringent demands.

≥ 99.9996 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

≥ 99.9999 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 0.5H2O ≤ 0.5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Aluminum cylinders

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

≥ 99.99999 (incl. rare gases)

O2 ≤ 30 ppbH2O ≤ 50 ppbCnHm ≤ 30 ppbCO ≤ 30 ppbCO2 ≤ 30 ppbH2 ≤ 30 ppbHalogenated hydrocarbonsin SF6 equivalents ≤ 1 ppb

Yes

10 150 1,5

1 1.447 1.1700.691 1 0.8090.855 1.237 1

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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45

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

Label

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Linde minican®

≥ 99 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 1.0 0.45

1 2.327 3.3580.430 1 1.4430.298 0.693 1

Yellow RAL 1018

Nitrogen dioxide 2.0

1, DIN 477 No. 8

Liquefied gas, highly toxic, caustic5 ppmNO2/N2O446.0/92.01 g/mol431.00 K (157.85 °C)294.25 K ( 21.10 °C)

approx. 3

Nitrogen dioxide/Dinitrogentetroxide 2.0

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Air constituents≤ 5000

2 50,8 1.510 50,8 7.540 50,8 29.60.38 50,8 0.28

1 Filling 21 gpressure12 bar

1 1.515 1.8530.660 1 1.2230.540 0.818 1

Blue RAL 5010

Nitrous oxide 2.5

G 3/8, DIN 477 No. 11; for steel cylinders with watercapacity up to 3 liters G 3/4 INT, DIN 477 No. 12(however not for Linde Small Steel Cylinders)Liquefied gas, oxidizing

100 ppmN2O44.013 g/mol309.56 K ( 36.41 °C)184.68 K (-88.47 °C)

1.532

See page 26 for higher puritiesAlso available for medical use!

Nitrous oxide 2.5

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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Ultra-pure specialty gases are indispensable in the production ofsemiconductor elements. A tropical example is the developmentof the first 300 mm wafer mega-microchip shown in the photo.

Photograph courtesy Infineon Technologies AG

46

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47

Pure Gases

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

White RAL 9010Oxygen HC-free/4.5/5.0

G 3/4, DIN 477 No. 9

Compressed gas, oxidizing

–O231.999 g/mol154.58 K (-118.57 °C)90.18 K (-182.97 °C)

1.105

Oxygen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in road tankers. In this case the technicalequipment required is provided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even the moststringent demands.

≥ 99.6

N2 ≤ 4000ArH2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 1

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.172 1.3370.853 1 1.1410.748 0.876 1

≥ 99.995

N2 ≤ 20Ar ≤ 10H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 0.5CO2 ≤ 0.5

10 200 250 200 10

0.38 200 76 l1 12 12 l

1 1.172 1.3370.853 1 1.1410.748 0.876 1

≥ 99.999

N2 ≤ 5Ar ≤ 2H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 0.2CO2 ≤ 0.2

Yes

2 150 0.310 200 250 200 10

1 1.172 1.3370.853 1 1.1410.748 0.876 1

Oxygen HC-free

Oxygen 4.5 Oxygen 5.0

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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48

Oxygen 5.6 Oxygen 6.0

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

White RAL 9010Oxygen 5.6/6.0

G 3/4, DIN 477 No. 9

Compressed gas, oxidizing

–O231.999 g/mol154.58 K (-118.57 °C)90.18 K (-182.97 °C)

1.105

Oxygen is also available cryogenically liquefied, in roadtankers. In this case the technical equipment required isprovided by Linde. The LI-PUR® system satisfies even themost stringent demands.

≥ 99.9996

N2 ≤ 2Ar ≤ 1H2O ≤ 1CnHm ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.172 1.3370.853 1 1.1410.748 0.876 1

≥ 99.9999

N2 ≤ 0.5Ar ≤ 1H2O ≤ 0.5CnHm ≤ 0.1CO2 ≤ 0.1CO ≤ 0.1

Yes

10 200 250 200 10

1 1.172 1.3370.853 1 1.1410.748 0.876 1

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylinders

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers: Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar m3

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49

Pure Gases

Red RAL 3000Propane 2.5/3.5

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highly flammable

1000 ppmC3H844.096 g/mol369.82 K (-96.67 °C)231.11 K (-42.04 °C)

1.547

≥ 99.5 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 5000

2 8.53 0.87 8.53 3

27 8.53 1179 8.53 33

950 8.53 400

1 3.215 1.8710.311 1 0.5820.534 1.718 1

≥ 99.95 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 500

Yes

2 8.53 0.87 8.53 3

27 8.53 11

0.38 8.53 0.16

1 3.215 1.8710.311 1 0.5820.534 1.718 1

≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Other CnHm ≤ 1000

2 10.43 0,87 10.43 3

27 10.43 1179 10.43 33

1 2.908 1.7850.344 1 0.6140.560 1.629 1

Red RAL 3000Propylene 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, highlyflammable–C3H642.081 g/mol364.75 K ( 91.60 °C)225.43 K (-47.72 °C)

1.476

Propane 2.5 Propane 3.5 Propylene 2.8

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Steel drums

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

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50

Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Yellow RAL 1018

Sulfur dioxide 3.8

G 5/8, DIN 477 No. 7

Liquefied gas, toxic, caustic

2 ppmSO264.063 g/mol430.80 K (157.65 °C)263.14 K ( -10.01 °C)

2.253

≥ 99.98 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 3.26 210 3.26 12

0.38 3.26 0.4

1 1.869 2.7250.535 1 1.4580.367 0.686 1

≥ 99.9 (≥ 99.97 %*) (from vaporizedliquid phase)

Air components ≤ 500 ppm*CF4 ≤ 500 ppm*H2O ≤ 5 ppm*Acid content calculated asHF ≤ 0,3 ppm*Hydrolizable fluorides calculat-ed as HF ≤ 1 ppm**Mass fractions

10 21.0 1040 21.0 40

Larger cylinders on request0.38 21.0 0.391 Filling pressure 69 g

12 bar

1 3.234 6.1760.309 1 1.9100.162 0.524 1

Bright green RAL 6018Sulfur hexafluoride 3.0

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6Liquefied gas, suffocating

1000 ppmSF6146.05 g/mol318.69 K (45.54 °C)

209.35 K (-63.80 °C)

5.106

See page 26 for higher purities

Sulfur dioxide 3.8

Sulfur hexafluoride 3.0

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

Label

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Sublimation temperature at 1.013 bar Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Containers: Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

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51

Pure Gases

≥ 99.97 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

0.38 3.37 0.25

1 2.739 2.6590.365 1 0.9710.376 1.030 1

Vinyl chloride 3.7

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20° C, bar kg

Red RAL 3000

Vinyl chloride 3.7

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH, DIN 477 No. 1

Liquefied gas, carcinogenic(Cat. 1), highly flammableTRK value 2 ppmC2H3Cl62.499 g/mol429.65 K (156.50 °C)259.45 K ( -13.70 °C)

2.199

≥ 99.8

2 100 1.210 100 650 100 30

1 2.303 3.6920.434 1 1.6030.271 0.624 1

Tetrafluoro-methane 2.8R 14

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure

liters approx. bar kg

Bright green RAL 6018R 14 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffocating–CF488.01 g/mol227.70 K ( -45.45 °C)145.21 K (-127.94 °C)

3.05

See page 26 for higher purities

≥ 99.8 (from vaporizedliquid phase)

2 41.6 1.5

1 2.049 2.9490.488 1 1.4390.339 0.695 1

Bright green RAL 6018R 23 2.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Liquefied gas, suffocating

–CHF370.01 g/mol299.15 K ( 26.00 °C)190.97 K (-82.18 °C)

2.438

See page 26 for higher purities

Trifluoro-methane 2.8R 23

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Water Vapor Contentscapacity pressure

liters at 20 °C, bar kg

Purity, %:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder color

Label

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Other types of supply:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Conversion factors:

Containers:

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52

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Purity, %:

Impurities, ppm:

Certificate of analysis:

Bright green RAL 6018Xenon 4.0/4.8

W 21.80 x 1/14, DIN 477 No. 6

Compressed gas, suffocating, chemically inert

–Xe131.30 g/mol289.73 K ( 16.58 °C)165.05 K (-108.10 °C)

4.562

≥ 99.99

O2 ≤ 2N2 ≤ 10H2O ≤ 5CnHm ≤ 1Kr ≤ 20Ar ≤ 5

1 Vapor pressure 100–2002 at 16.6 °C: 200–400

10 58.4 bar 1000–2000(pcrit)

0.38 181 12 12

*Filled by weight, 1 liter corresponds to 5.517 g

1 1.873 5.5170.534 1 2.9450.181 0.340 1

≥ 99.998

O2 ≤ 1N2 ≤ 3H2O ≤ 3CnHm ≤ 1Kr ≤ 5Ar ≤ 2

Yes

Vapor pressure2 at 16.6 °C: 200–400

10 58.4 bar 1000–2000(pcrit)

*Filled by weight, 1 liter corresponds to 5.517 g

1 1.873 5.5170.534 1 2.9450.181 0.340 1

Xenon 4.0 Xenon 4.8

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure *

liters approx. bar liters

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

m3 of gas Liters kg(15 °C, liquid at Tb1 bar)

Conversion factors:

Identification:Cylinder shoulder colorLabel

Valve outlet:

Properties:

MAK valueChemical symbolMolar massCritical temperature (Tc)Boiling point at 1,013 bar (Tb)Relative density at 15 °C, 1 bar(dry air = 1)

Containers:

Steel cylinders

Linde Small Steel CylindersLinde minican®

Water Filling Contentscapacity pressure *

liters approx. bar liters

53

Xenon for the lamp industry

Pure Gases

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54

Time [ months ]

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

0 12 24 36 60

0.4

48

Conc

entr

atio

n [ p

pm ] Specially treated aluminum cylinder

Untreated aluminum cylinder

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Gas Mixtures/

Calibration Gas Mixtures

55

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56

Important information is given by the labels and new cylinder shoulder colors

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57

Gas Mixtures/Calibration Gas Mixtures

Gas mixtures are compressed gases that consist of morethan one type of molecule and that have been homogeneous-ly blended.

Calibration gas mixtures are a subgroup of gas mixturessatisfying special requirements with regard to preparation tole-rance, measurement uncertainty and the purity of the sourceproducts.

They are primarily used in the calibration of instruments. Inaddition to this, they also perform important functions in pro-cesses and experimental investigations in which gas mixturesof a precisely defined composition are required.

According to German regulation TRG 102, Annex 1, indu-strial gas mixtures can be filled in pure gas cylinders.

Most standard and calibration gas mixtures are availa-ble from stock.

Explanation of important terms

The most important definitions are contained in the guideli-nes of the Society of German Engineers (VDI), VDI 3490,Sheet 1:

Calibration gas mixture:“A gas mixture, usually compressed, which generally con-sists of a balance gas and one or more calibration compo-nents.”

Balance gas:“A pure gas or gas mixture which, as the major compo-nent, supplements the components that are employed forcalibration purposes.”

Calibration component:“A gaseous or vaporized component of a calibration gasmixture, whose quality and quantity are known and whichis employed directly for testing and calibration purposes.”

In order to clearly describe a gas mixture/calibration gasmixture, it is not only necessary to know the type of balancegas and the calibration component(s), but also the partialamount of the calibration component(s) or the concentration(s).

Partial amount:Is the ratio between the quantity of the calibration compo-nent and the total quantity of all components in the cali-bration gas mixture.

Concentration: Represents the ratio between the quantity of this cali-bration component and the total volume of the mixture.

The following terms and units can be employed to provideunambiguous designation:– Mole fraction,

e.g. mole/mole, mmole/mole, µmole/mole = ppm– Volume fraction, e.g. m3/m3, l/m3, ml/m3 = ppm– Mass concentration, e.g. kg/m3, g/m3, mg/m3

– Volume concentration, e.g. m3/m3, l/m3, ml/m3

– Mole concentration, e.g. mole/m3, mole/l, mmole/l

Volumes are always based on the standard state (1.013 bar; 273.15 K). Parts by volume are always based onideal gas volumes.

Exhaust gas examination with calibration gases(= test gas with special qualification)

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58

Preparation of calibration gas mixtures

Source productsCalibration gas mixtures are prepared from high-purity

gases and vapors from pure liquids. In addition to the pro-ducts from our line of pure gases, numerous other substancesare also available as calibration components.

Compared to the composition, the purity of the gas mixtu-res is often of secondary importance. This purity is naturallyrestricted by the purity of the pure gases used for the mixture.Based on their purities, contents of possibly unwanted cali-bration components are also likely in the gas mixtures. Shouldthe demands of an application (e.g. Geiger-Müller countertubes, ionization chambers, etc.) be particularly high in thisregard, this can be taken into account in the preparation of amixture on request by specification of especially high purityrequirements.

Technical feasibilityDepending on the customer's requirements, calibration

gas mixtures can be prepared with one or more calibrationcomponents in a balance gas in a range from lower ppb to %.

Linde has experience with more than 200 pure gases andvapors as calibration components for gas mixtures. The resul-tant number of theoretically possible combinations of up to 20calibration components in a cylinder is greater than 1026.

In practice, however, there are restrictions in mixing varioustypes of gases with each other or with respect to the maxi-mum possible filling pressure as a result of safety require-ments as well as from the laws of chemistry and physics.Reduction in the filling pressure may be necessary, dependingon the concentration in question, if vapors of liquids or othereasily condensable substances are desired as a calibrationcomponent.

In making these decisions the user can call on Linde's longexperience.

Cylinder and valve selectionLinde usually uses cylinders of steel or aluminum alloys.

Stainless steel cylinders are also used in exceptional cases.

Depending on the compatibility of the material to the gasmixture, valves are made of brass or stainless steel. Dia-phragm valves are mainly used.

Cylinder pretreatmentDepending on the requirements, the inside surface of the

cylinder is treated by various methods. Irrespective of this,calibration gas mixture cylinders are subjected to a compre-hensive purge/evacuation cycle with the cylinders being hea-ted during this procedure. This ensures removal of even tracesof previously filled gases, vapors and especially moisture to alevel that is below the limit of detection.

In special cases (e.g. mixtures with low corrosive compo-nents) the result of the purge process is checked by a moistu-re measurement. Only through such thorough and systematiccylinder pretreatment it is possible to prepare stable calibrati-on gas mixtures.

Preparation methodsThe choice of preparation method is based, among other

considerations, on the preparation tolerances required. The

Emptying and gas type-specific assignment in the preparationof test gas cylinders for corrosive mixtures

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59

Gas Mixtures/Calibration Gas Mixtures

following methods are usually used by Linde for the prepara-tion of gas mixtures/calibration gas mixtures in cylinders:

Gravimetric methodIn gravimetric preparation state-of-the-art high-sensitivity,high-load balances are employed. This produces a directcorrelation between the weighed gases and the basic unit“kg” or “mole”. If necessary, calibration gas mixtures in theppm range can be prepared gravimetrically by using suita-ble “pre-mixtures”.

Volumetric/Gravimetric methodThis preparation method is a combination method. It isusually employed when minute quantities of calibrationcomponents are added to a balance gas, e.g. by means ofgas-tight syringes.

Manometric methodIn this method the pressure changes after adding of theindividual calibration components/balance gas are measu-red. Precision manometers are used for this.

Homogenization

After being filled, the gas mixture is homogenized in anadditional step. As has been proven both theoretically and onthe basis of numerous tests, gas mixtures will no longer sepa-rate again once they have been homogenized. This is naturallyonly true as long as the temperature does not drop below thecondensation temperature of one of the calibration compo-nents. (Especially temperature-sensitive mixtures are speciallymarked!)

Quality assurance

The composition of gas mixtures can be determined bytwo methods: firstly by exact checking of the quantities of cali-bration components added during filling and secondly by ana-lyzing the gas of the finished mixture.

Both methods have specific advantages and disadvantages:

Whereas the gas quantities added during mixing canusually be checked high accurately with, for example, a balan-ce, this method is difficult to document conclusively and isnaturally only possible once for every mixture.

Compared to it, the result of the gas analysis method isusually less accurate, but very suitable for documentation pur-poses and it can be repeated almost as often as required. As

a result of this, it is usually the preferred method for applica-tions of mixtures in instrumentation technology.

A varied and modern range of analytical instruments isneeded to carry out the analytical check. The following areexamples of instruments/methods used by Linde for qualitycontrol purposes:

Gas chromatography with a variety of detector systems Optical methods (FTIR, IR, UV-VIS) Chemiluminescence method Special oxygen and moisture measuring systems Mass spectrometry Atomic absorption spectrometry Inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometry Ion chromatography Wet-chemical absolute methods

The following methods are used to verify the measuringresults:

Use of our own calibration standards, fabricated on a spe-cial high-sensitivity, mechanical beam balance

Use of national and international standards (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung/BAM,National Institute of Standards and Technology/NIST,Nederlands Meetinstituut/NMi, NPL).

Use of wet chemical absolute methods Comparative measurements by intra and intercompany

cross reference service (“Round Robin Testing”).

Final inspection of test gas cylinders

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60

Certificate

Calibration gas mixtures with strict preparation tolerancesare delivered with a certificate of preparation or analysis, whileClass 1 and 2 calibration gas mixtures are accompanied by acertificate of analysis. This certificate contains all of the infor-mation recommended by German and international bodies(e.g. DIN 51895, March 1987; VDI 3490, Sheet 2; ISO 6141 -1984) for characterization of a calibration gas mixture:

Issuer of the certificate Customer data Nominal and analytical values with information on analytical

accuracy/preparation tolerance Data on the cylinder and filling Method of preparation Technical information, including preparation date and

stability

The original of this certificate accompanies every cylinderof calibration gas mixture in a tag.

In addition to this, calibration gas mixtures can also besupplied with an additional comparison against referencestandards:

Calibration gas mixtures for the automotive industry withdirect comparison between analytical values and availablegas standards from the NIST

Methane as well as calibration gas mixtures that containmethane with an official certificate indicating the heat ofcombustion and/or the nominal density

Calibration gas mixtures for exhaust gas tests (CO, CO2,C3H8), which are analyzed against e.g. BAM-certified cali-bration gas mixtures in the presence of an official from theOffice of Weights and Measures.

Stability

The stability of a calibration gas mixture is the period oftime during which the composition of the gas regarding thecalibration components may only deviate within the specifiedanalytical accuracy (see certificate).

This information is necessary because it has been found inpractice that some calibration gas mixtures can contain cali-bration components which, over the course of time, can undergo chemical change as a result of reaction with

the internal walls of the container can form heavy deposits on the internal walls of the contai-

ner due to physical reasons (e.g. high dipole moment ofthe molecule) as a result of adsorption

can change under pressure due to molecular instability(e.g. nitric oxides).

The stability periods indicated in the certificate of analysisare based on our own long-term observations of test seriesand are regularly updated through new investigations.

New results from these activities directly benefit the user ofour calibration gas mixtures. Calibration gas mixtures contai-ning components that have a critical impact on stability, espe-cially in the case of low partial amounts, are subjected to arepeat stability observation before the gas is supplied. Alt-hough this procedure necessitates a longer delivery period, itis preferred in the interests of quality assurance for the custo-mer.

The diagram below shows the function curve over time of0.4 ppm H2S, balance gas nitrogen, observed in practice. represents the function in an aluminum cylinder with simpletreatment, while shows the function in an aluminum cylinderpretreated by a process specially developed by Linde. Cylin-ders of this type are routinely employed for especially sensitivecalibration gas mixtures.

Time [ months ]

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

0 12 24 36 60

0.4

48

Conc

entr

atio

n [ p

pm ] Specially treated aluminum cylinder

Untreated aluminum cylinder

The influence of the quality of compressed gas vessels on the stability of test gases(setpoint value: 0.4 ppm hydrogen sulphide in nitrogen)

Test gas cylinders ready for dispatch with the analysis certificate attached

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61

Gas Mixtures/Calibration Gas Mixtures

Uncertainty of calibration component information forcalibration gas mixtures

Information on the composition of a calibration gas mixturecan be obtained both on the basis of the mixing procedureas well as through gas analysis.

Depending on the method that is employed, the effortinvolved and the desired composition, the relative accura-cies that can be achieved range from approx. 0.1 to 10percent of the given value.

To satisfy the various demands that are placed on thepreparation tolerance and measurement uncertainty of cali-bration gas mixtures, they are available in four different cali-bration gas classes.

The accuracies given in the table represent guidelines.This means that deviations in the preparation tolerance are,for example, possible in the case of calibration compo-nents like helium or hydrogen due to the low molecularweight. The same applies in the case of small containersdue to the low contents. The measurement uncertainty inthe case of “multi-component” gas mixtures can alsodeviate. The individual accuracies are stated in the certifi-cate of analysis.

Calibration gas mixtures with strict preparation tolerance (abbr. PEH) are divided into two groups:

PEHs that are prepared individually on a special, high-sen-sitivity beam balance with all avoidable external influencesbeing eliminated during the weighing process. (The prepa-ration process is optimized exclusively under the aspect ofachieving low preparation tolerances.) The composition isobtained from the weighed component data. As a generalrule, the composition is significantly more accurate thanthat obtainable from gas analysis, although this is additio-nally performed as a plausibility check. It must, however,be possible to assume that the impact of the interactionbetween the gas phase and the interior surface of the con-tainer will remain within the preparation tolerances named.These gas mixtures are mainly used as internal Linde stan-dards to ensure the correctness of calibration gas mixturesin the other classes.

PEHs that are prepared individually on a high-sensitivityelectronic balance. The preparation process is optimizedexclusively to achieve low preparation tolerances. In additi-on to this, an analytical accuracy of ± 1 % rel. is achievedby means of a correspondingly complex calibration gascomparison.

Class Share of admixtures Preparation tolerance Measuring uncertainty

PEH 1 - 99 ppm ± 2 % rel.100 - 999 ppm ± 1 % rel. ± 1 % rel. **0.1 - 4.9 % ± 0.5 % rel.

5 - 50 % ± 0.1 % rel.

1 1 - 99 ppm ± 10 % rel. ± 2 - 5 % rel.100 - 999 ppm ± 5 % rel. ± 2 % rel.0.1 - 4.9 % ± 2 % rel. ± 2 % rel.

5 - 50 % ± 1 % rel. ± 1 % rel.

2 100 - 999 ppm ± 10 % rel. ± 5 % rel.0.1 - 4.9 % ± 5 % rel. ± 2 % rel.

5 - 50 % ± 2 % rel. ± 2 % rel.

3 0.1 - 4.9 % ± 10 % rel. *5 - 50 % ± 5 % rel. *

Test gas classes

* only analytically tested in batches for safety reasons** if analytically checked

(i.e. the measuring uncertainty is less than the preparation tolerance)

Gravimetric individual cylinder filling

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Class 1 calibration gas mixtures

are prepared individually or in batches, usually by means ofthe gravimetric method, and are analyzed individually. Thecomposition is obtained from the analysis data. With this pre-paration method deviations between the nominal and analyti-cal values range from 1 to 10 percent. The relative measure-ment uncertainty ranges from 1 to 5 percent, depending onthe amount and nature of the calibration component.

Class 2 calibration gas mixtures

are filled in batches, but usually analyzed individually. Thecomposition is obtained from the analysis data. As a result ofthe (efficient) batch-type filling process, the deviation betweenthe nominal and analytical values can range from 2 to 10 per-cent, while the relative measurement uncertainty ranges from 2 to 5 percent.

Class 3 calibration gas mixtures

are filled in batches, with only a batch analysis being per-formed for verification purposes. The composition is determi-ned on the basis of the filling data. The relative preparationtolerance ranges between 5 and 10 percent.

Liquid phase mixtures

A gas cylinder can contain gas mixtures both exclusively inthe gaseous phase and “liquefied under pressure”, i.e. most ofthe mixture is then liquid (density ratio between gas and liquidphase roughly 1:1000).

Calibration components that have very low vapor pressu-res force gaseous calibration gas mixtures to be filled at cor-respondingly low filling pressures, which means that only asmall quantity of the respective calibration gas mixture will beavailable. If larger quantities of such mixtures are required, it isadvantageous to provide them in the liquid phase.

There are three possibilities for withdrawing liquid phasecalibration gas mixtures:

If the cylinder is equipped with a normal valve, the liquidphase can be withdrawn from the cylinder if it is placedupside down.

If the cylinder valve is equipped with a dip tube, the vaporpressure above the liquid phase will force the liquid out ofthe valve with the cylinder standing upright.

If the calibration gas cylinder is equipped with a dual portvalve with dip tube, withdrawal of the liquid phase can beeffected through pressurizing with an inert gas, preferablyhelium.

Pallet filling with connected analysis unit Analytical quality control of test gases

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Gas Mixtures/Calibration Gas Mixtures

Pressurizing can also be employed in the first two cases; itis advisable for the gas buffer to be provided by the manufac-turer of the gas mixture.

In the case of different calibration component vapor pres-sures, the lighter volatile components are enriched in the gasphase and the heavier volatile components in the liquid phase.This means that the homogenous distribution of the calibrati-on components in the total quantity of gas is no longer strictlyfulfilled during withdrawal: the composition of the gas mixturechanges continuously during gas withdrawal, depending onwhether the gas or liquid phase is being withdrawn. To mini-mize the change during withdrawal, one should proceed asdescribed above.

The liquid phase that is withdrawn from the cylinder can beemployed either directly or following complete vaporization.

The changes in the quantitative composition during with-drawal can be calculated if the withdrawal conditions are fullyknown.

Container information

Generally speaking gas mixtures and calibration gas mixtu-res are preferably supplied in Linde cylinders for loan, with sui-table cylinder materials being selected.

Since the container materials and the preparation of thecylinders are matched to the mixture in question, customer-owned cylinders should only be employed for calibration gasmixtures if their suitability has been ensured.

Through the introduction of the stainless steel high-pressu-re cylinders listed in the table, it has been possible to signifi-cantly expand our product line for sensitive calibration gasmixtures, especially in the low concentration range. Moreover,the employment of these stainless steel cylinders has alsopermitted new calibration gas components to be added to theproduct line.

The majority of our calibration gas mixtures are individuallyprepared in accordance with our customers' specifications. Anumber of standard calibration gas mixtures are, however,available from stock (cf. tables “Linde standard gas mixturesand calibration gas mixtures”, page 67).

Capacity Outside Length Empty weight Cylinder max. filling Filling quantityØ with cap of the material pressure of the

complete pressurizedcylinder gas vessel

Liters approx. mm approx. mm approx. kg approx. bar

2 118 460 2 AL 200 The filling pressure 10 140 1100 11,5 AL 200 and filling quantity 10 140 970 16 LS 200 depend on the 10 140 1030 19 NS 150 respective 10 219 590 32 ES 200 composition of the 40 229 1560 45 AL 200 test gas40 204 1730 78 NS 15040 219 1560 81 ES 20050 229 1640 67 LS 20012 x 40 760 x 965 1842 950 LS 20012 x 50 760 x 965 1842 1057 LS 200

Linde minican® pressurized gas cans (disposable containers)1 80 270 0.15 AL 12 approx. 12 liters

LS = tempered steelNS = steel with a minimum yield point of ≤ 390 N/mm2 (max. filling pressure 150 bar)AL = aluminium alloyES = stainless steel

Containers for gas mixtures / test gases

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What must be taken into account when ordering gas mixtures/calibration gas mixtures?

Composition of the mixture Calibration component(s) Partial amount/Concentration Unit (e.g. ppm, %) Balance gas

Required calibration gas mixture class Measurement uncertainty requirement Preparation tolerance requirement (if neces-

sary)

Special requirements regarding the preparationtolerance, e.g. defined value may not beexceeded or undercut.

Compliance with impurity requirements, e.g.analytical checks going beyond the analyticalvalue of the calibration components

Use of source materials of a certain purity

Cylinder size

Number of cylinders

Special shipping requirements

Other requirements

Gas mixture/Calibration gas mixture

Cylinder color:Cylindrical part: Brilliant blue RAL 5007Cylinder shoulder (per EN 1089 Part 3): Yellow RAL 1018

for toxic and/or corrosive mixturesRed RAL 3000

for flammable mixturesLight blue RAL 5012

for oxidizing mixturesBright green RAL 6018

for inert mixtures

Stamping: “Gasgemisch” or “Gasgemisch K” (Gas Mixture)or “Prüfgas” or “Prüfgas K” (Calibration Gas Mixture)

Label: Types of gases contained in the mixture, in the order of their concentrations

Cylinder valve: per DIN 477: Calibration M 19 x 1,5 LH (O2 ≤ 21 %)gas mixture G 3/4 (O2 > 21 %)Gas mixture W 21,80 x 1/14 LH (O2 ≤ 21 %)

G 3/4 (O2 > 21 %)

Gas mixtures according TRG 102, Annex 1 (“Industrial gas mixtures”)

Cylinder color: Cylindrical part: Grey RAL 7037

or like pure gasCylinder shoulder(per EN 1089 Part 3): Like pure gas

Stamping: Like pure gas

Label: Types of gases contained in the mixture, in the order of their concentrations

Cylinder valve: Like pure gas according to DIN 477

Country-specific requirements can be met for foreign deliveries.

Analytical quality control of test gases

Characterization of gas mixture/calibration gas mixture cylinders

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Gas Mixtures/Calibration Gas Mixtures

List of possible calibration components

The substances contained in this list are typical examples ofthe major gases and vapors that are stocked by Linde foremployment in the preparation of calibration gas mixtures.

This list is being regularly expanded as a result of ongoingdevelopment and customer requests.

AcetaldehydeAcetoneAcetylene (Ethyne)Acrolein (Propenal)AcrylonitrileAmmoniaAniline (Aminobenzene)ArgonArsine

BenzeneBoron trichlorideBromochlorodifluoromethane (R 12 B 1)Bromoethylene (Vinyl bromide)Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)Bromotrifluoromethane (R 13 B 1)1,2-Butadiene1,3-ButadieneButane (n-Butane)1-Butenecis-2-Butenetrans-2-ButeneButyl acetatetert.-Butylmercaptantert.-Butylmethylether (MTB)1-Butyne (Ethylacetylene)2-Butyne (Dimethylacetylene)

Carbon dioxideCarbon-13-dioxide (13CO2)Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide-18 (C18O)Carbon-13-monoxide (13CO)Carbonyl sulfide (Carbon oxisulfide)ChlorineChlorodifluoromethane (R 22)Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)Chloroethylene (Vinyl chloride)Chloro iodo methane

(Chloromethylene iodide)Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)Chloropentafluoroethane (R 115)Chlorotrifluoromethane (R 13)CyclohexaneCyclohexanoneCyclopropane

DecaneDesfluraneDeuteriumDiboraneDibromomethane (Methylene bromide)1,4-Dichlorobutene-2 (cis-/trans-)Dichlorodifluoromethane (R 12)1,1-Dichloroethane1,2-DichloroethaneDichlorofluoromethane (R 21)

Methylmercaptan2-Methylpentane2-Methyl vinyl ether

NeonNitric oxideNitrogenNitrogen dioxide (Dinitrogen tetroxide)Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas, Dinitrogenmonoxide)Nonane

Octafluorocyclobutane (R C318)Octafluoropropane (R 218)OctaneOxygen

Pentane1-Pentene2-Pentene (cis-/trans-)PhosgenePhosphinePropadiene (Allene)Propane1-Propanol (n-Propyl alcohol)2-Propanol (Isopropyl alcohol)Propylene (Propene)Propyne (Methylacetylene)

SevofluraneSilaneSilicon tetrafluorideStyreneSulfur dioxideSulfur hexafluoride

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane1,1,2,2-TetrachloroethaneTetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)Tetrafluoromethane (R 14)TetrahydrothiopheneToluene Tribromomethane (Bromoform)1,1,1-Trichloroethane1,1,2-TrichloroethaneTrichloroethyleneTrichlorofluoromethane (R 11)Trichloromethane (Chloroform)1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane (R 113)Trifluoromethane (R 23)Trimethylamine

Water vapor

XenonXylene (o-, m- or p-Xylene)

Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)Dichlorosilane1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R 114)Diethylsulfide1,1-Difluoroethane (R 152 a)Diiodo methane (Methylene iodide) DimethylamineDimethyl ether2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane)Dimethyl sulfideDisilane

EnfluraneEthaneEthanol (Ethyl alcohol)Ethylene (Ethene)Ethyl acetateEthylamineEthylene oxide (Oxirane)EthylmercaptanEthyl methyl ketone (Methyl ethyl ketone)

FAM Standard mineral spirits (as per DIN51635)FluorineFluoromethane (R 41)Formaldehyde

Germane

HalothaneHeliumHelium-3HeptaneHexafluoroethane (R 116)HexaneHydrogenHydrogen bromideHydrogen chlorideHydrogen cyanideHydrogen fluorideHydrogen sulfide

IodoethaneIodomethaneIsobutane (i-Butane)Isobutene (i-Butene, Isobutylene)IsofluraneIsopropyl acetate

Krypton

MethaneMethanol (Methyl Alcohol)MethoxyfluraneMethylamine2-Methylbutane3-Methyl-1-butene

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Storage site for calibration gases and pure gases

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Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

Synthetic air 10 2 Instrumentation gas for GC detectorsHC-free Bright green 50 1020 % Oxygen G 3/4 600 120 Purging and zero gasBalance Nitrogen for sampling equipment CnHm ≤ 0.1 ppm Bright green 10 1.5 and measuring instruments

M 19 x 1.5 LH 50 7.5

18 – 21 % Oxygen Bright greenBalance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH 10 1.5

30 – 40 % Oxygen Light blue 10 2 Instrumentation gasBalance Nitrogen G 3/4 50 10

40 % Hydrogen Red Fuel gas for flame ionization Balance Helium W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 50 10 detectors

RedM 19 x 1.5 LH 50 10

P10/P5 Gas P 10 RedECD P 5 Bright green10/5 % Methane W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 50 10.9 Process gas for electron capture Balance Argon detectors

P10 Gas Red Process gas for proportional counter for Spectrometry W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 50 10.9 tubes for measurement of 10 % Methane radioactive radiationBalance Argon Red

M 19 x 1.5 LH 50 7.5

H2 /Ar for Spectrometry ≤ 2.9 % Bright green 10 2.1 Shielding/Purging gas2 – 5 % Hydrogen > 2.9 % Red 50 10.5 for spark spectrometersBalance Argon W 21.80 x 1/14 LH

4 % Nitrogen1.5 % Carbon Dioxide Red 10 1.4 11D Calibration gas mixture4 % Ethane M 19 x 1.5 LH 50 6.8 for gross calorific value 1 % Propane measurements with process gas 0.2 % Butane chromatographs0.2 % Isobutane0.05 % Pentane0.05 % Isopentane0.05 % 2,2-Dimethylpropane0.05 % Hexane

Balance Methane

10 % Methane Red 10 2 Reagent gas for AEDBalance Nitrogen W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 50 10

Standard Gas Mixtures and Calibration Gas Mixtures

Linde stocks a wide variety of standard gas mixtures andcalibration gas mixtures needed for use in the fields of rese-arch, technology, medicine and analysis. These gas mixturesare available at short notice. The range extends from moderngas mixtures for lasers through gas mixtures for the medical

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Further gas mixtures are available from stock or can be prepared on request

Examples of gas mixtures/calibration gas mixtures employed in analysis

field and electronics industry to the latest calibration gas mix-tures for the measurement of emissions as well as for analysisand trace analysis.

Examples are shown in the following tables.

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Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

1/2.5/4/8 % Oxygen Bright green Emission measurements in furnacesBalance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH 10 1.5 pursuant to German Immissions

Protection Regulations and the 400 ppm (500 mg/m3) German Clean Air Technical CarbonCarbon monoxide Bright green 10 1.5 InstructionBalance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

700 ppm (2000 mg/m3)Sulfur dioxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

90 ppm (121 mg/m3)Nitric oxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

100 ppm (135 mg/m3)Nitric oxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

300 ppm (400 mg/m3)Nitric oxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

Calibration Gas A Calibration gases for exhaust 3.5 % Carbon monoxide Bright green 10 1.5 gas tests with official test14 % Carbon dioxide M 19 x 1.5 LH certificate2000 ppm PropaneBalance Nitrogen

Calibration Gas B0.5 % Carbon monoxide Bright green 10 1.56 % Carbon dioxide M 19 x 1.5 LH200 ppm PropaneBalance Nitrogen

1 - 20 ppm Formaldehyde Bright green 10 1.0 -1.2 Emission measurement,Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH room air monitoring

200 - 500 ppb Immission measurementNitric oxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

200 - 500 ppb Nitrogen dioxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Synthetic air M 19 x 1.5 LH

200 - 500 ppb Sulfur dioxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Synthetic air M 19 x 1.5 LH

30 - 150 ppb Benzene30 - 150 ppb Toluene Bright green 10 1.5 BTX calibration gas30 - 150 ppb Xylene M 19 x 1.5 LHBalance Synthetic air or Nitrogen

Further gas mixtures are available from stock or can be prepared on request

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Examples of calibration gas mixtures employed in emission and immission measurement

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Further gas mixtures are available from stock or can be prepared on request

Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

Carbogen Respiratory gas;5 % Carbon dioxide White/Grey 10 2 incubation in biochemistryBalance Oxygen G 3/4 50 10

6/15 wt. % Ethylene oxide ≤ 9 % Bright green Sterilization of Balance Carbon dioxide > 9 % Red 50 37.5 kg medical equipment

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH

10/15 % Carbon dioxide Bright green Blood gas analysisBalance Nitrogen W 24.32 x 1/14 10 2

Bright green M19 x 1.5 LH 10 1.5

6 % Carbon dioxide Bright green12 % Oxygen W 24.32 x 1/14 10 2Balance nitrogen

5 % Carbon dioxide Bright green 10 220 % Oxygen W 24.32 x 1/14Balance nitrogen

Bright green 10 1.5M19 x 1.5 LH

5 % Carbon dioxide Bright green 10 1.5Balance Synthetic air M 19 x 1.5 LH

20.9 % Oxygen Bright green 10 1.5 Lung function testsBalance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH

0.25 % Carbon monoxide Bright green 10 1.518 % Helium M 19 x 1.5 LHBalance Synthetic air

Standard Gas Mixtures and Calibration Gas Mixtures

Examples of gas mixtures employed in the medical field

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Further gas mixtures are available from stock or can be prepared on request

Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

LASPUR ® 1104.5 % Carbon dioxide Bright green 50 9.1 Gas mixture for CO2 lasers

13.5 % Nitrogen W 21.80 x 1/14Balance Helium

LASPUR ® 2073.4 % Carbon dioxide Bright green 50 10

15.6 % Nitrogen W 21.80 x 1/14Balance Helium

LASPUR ® 2083 % Xenon Bright green 10 1.53 % Oxygen M 19 x 1.5 LH4 % Carbon dioxide6 % Carbon monoxide

19 % NitrogenBalance Helium

LASPUR ® 2165 % Carbon dioxide Bright green 50 10

40 % Nitrogen W 21.80 x 1/14Balance Helium

LASPUR ® 2580.25 % Hydrogen Bright green 50 7.5 Gas mixtures for marking lasers3 % Carbon monoxide M 19 x 1.5 LH7.5 % Carbon dioxide

15 % NitrogenBalance Helium

LASPUR ® 2640.5 % Hydrogen Bright green 50 7.54 % Carbon monoxide 1 LH8 % Carbon dioxide

16 % NitrogenBalance Helium Bright green 50 7.5

M 19 x 1.5 LH

LASPUR ® E805 % Fluorine Yellow 10 0.3 Gas mixture for excimer lasersBalance Helium M 19 x 1.5 LH 10 1.5

Yellow 10 0.31

LASPUR ® E855 % Hydrogen chloride Bright green 10 1.5Balance Helium M 19 x 1.5 LH

Examples of gas mixtures employed in laser application

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Further gas mixtures are available from stock or can be prepared on request

Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

15 % Arsine Yellow 0.38 19 l Ion implantationBalance Hydrogen W 21.80 x 1/14 LH

15 % Phosphine Yellow 0.38 19 l Ion implantationBalance Hydrogen W 21.80 x 1/14 LH

0.4 ppm Phosphine Bright green 10 1.5 Calibration of occupational Balance Nitrogen M 19 x 1.5 LH threshold value sensors

4 – 15 % Oxygen Bright green 50 5.5 Plasma etching of siliconin Tetrafluoromethane M 19 x 1.5 LH

Product designation Cylinder shoulder color Cylinder size Contents ApplicationComposition Valve outlet, Water capacity

DIN 477 Liters m3

Lamp argon5 - 20 % Nitrogen Bright green 10 2.1 Gas for fillingBalance Argon W 21.80 x 1/14 50 10.5 incandescent lamps

10 - 20 % Helium Bright green 10 2 Leak detectionBalance Nitrogen W 24.32 x 1/14 50 10

4 - 10 % Hydrogen ≤ 5.7 % Bright greenBalance Nitrogen > 5.7 % Red 50 10 Forming gas for metallurgy

W 21.80 x 1/14 LH and semiconductor production

≤ 5.7 % Bright green> 5.7 % Red 50 7.5M 19 x 1.5 LH

2.5 % Methane Bright green 10 1.5 Calibration gas for gas detectorsBalance Synthetic air M 19 x 1.5 LH

Examples of gas mixtures employed in the electronic industry

Examples of gas mixtures employed in science, research and technology

Standard Gas Mixtures and Calibration Gas Mixtures

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Plasma torch of an ICP device (schematic)

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Instrumentation

Gases

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Coupling of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for quality tests on pure gases

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Instrumentation Gases

High-quality instrumentation gases are a basic prerequisitefor trouble-free, dependable operations of modern analyticalsystems. Instrumentation gases and zero gases must notcontain any impurities that influence measurement.

In addition to their use as calibration gas mixtures to cali-brate measuring instruments (see chapter “Gas Mixtures/Cali-bration Gas Mixtures”), instrumentation gases have manyother functions. Instrumentation gases are employed in thepreparation of samples as extraction, stripping or refrigeratingmedium to extract samples, expel highly volatile substancesor enable enrichment in a refrigerating trap. As zero gasinstrumentation gases are used to zero analytical instrumentsand as carrier, shielding, purging, fuel, reagent or oxidationgas they enable trouble-free and dependable operation ofanalytical instruments.

Quality assurance

Analytical testing of the gases on their delivery and dis-patch guarantee their compliance with the given specification.Analytical methods like gas chromatography with various de-tectors, mass spectrometry with various ionization methods,FTIR spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and otheranalytical methods are used. Further information on the im-purities in the pure gases is to be found in the chapter “PureGases”, in Linde data sheets and in the case of individual puregases in the certificate of analysis, which is to be found on thegas cylinder.

The right choice of instrumentation gas

Beginning with the analytical task at hand, the analystmust select a suitable sample preparation method and a validanalytical method. Depending on what partial amounts are tobe detected, instrumentation gases with a correspondinglylow number of impurities must be used. Gas purities of atleast 5.0 should be used for sample extraction and for analy-sis with higher partial amounts. Purities of up to 7.0 are need-ed for the trace and ultra-trace range. Should, in addition tothis, it be necessary to remove any existing traces of impuri-ties before the point of use, this can be accomplished bymeans of appropriate gas purification systems.

Instrumentation gases with designations like Carbon di-oxide SFC/SFE, Carbon dioxide SFE High Purity, Synthetic airHC-free, Nitrogen CO-free or Nitrogen ECD, etc. indicate theirspecific applications. In the preparation and quality assuranceof these specialty instrumentation gases their later use istaken into consideration. For example, instrumentation gasesfor ECD analysis are tested during quality control down intothe lowest ppb range for interfering impurities like halogenatedhydrocarbons with an ECD (electron capture detectors). Car-bon dioxide for sample extraction (SFE = Super Fluid Extrac-tion) is offered in two grades for routine and trace analyses.

Linde: Everything from one source

From the production of ultra-high purity gases to the pro-vision of gases at their point of use at the customer's, Lindeoffers various customized supply concepts for all analyticalapplications. The following tables summarize important fieldsof application for instrument gases in the field of analysis. Forfurther questions on instrumentation gases and gas supplysystems, please contact a specialist at a Linde Sales Centeror Specialty Gas Center.

Measuring trace elements with an ICP spectrometer

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A Hydrocarbon impurities (HC) in the instrumentation gases cause strong reference line noise and thus a deterioration in thedetection limit. The HC concentration in the instrumentation gases should therefore be as low as possible.A gas mixture of 40 % hydrogen, balance helium is also used as fuel gas for FID/FPD.

B The ECD detector reacts very sensitively to impurities in the gases, lines, fittings and seals from substances with a high electron affinity like moisture, oxygen and CFCs.Moisture and CFCs cause a deterioration in the detection limit.

C Easily ionizable hydrocarbon impurities (HC) in the instrumentation gases increase reference line noise.The HC share in the instrumentation gas should therefore be as low as possible.

D Due to the interference liability of the HID, the detector should be operated under a protective atmosphere.E Besides high purity helium as carrier and plasma gas, the spectrometer needs high purity nitrogen as purge gas and various

reagent gases, depending on which elements are to be measured.

Detector Carrier gas Instrumentation gas Gas purity for measuring range Remarksppt – 100 ppb 100 ppb – 10 ppm > 10 ppm

Thermal Hydrogen 5.3 5.0conductivity Helium 5.3 5.0detectors Argon 5.3 5.0

TCD Nitrogen 5.3 5.0

Flame Hydrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0ionization Helium 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 Adetectors Nitrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0

FID Synthetic air HC-free

Electron Helium Nitrogen ECDcapture Nitrogen ECD B

detectors Helium P 10 / P 5 Gas ECDECD Hydrogen (% Methane in Argon) ECD

Flame Hydrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0photometric Helium 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 Adetectors Nitrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0

FPD Synthetic air HC-free

Photo Helium 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0ionization Nitrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 Cdetectors

PID

Helium Helium 7.0 – 6.0 6.0ionization Ddetectors

HID

Thermionic Hydrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0detectors Helium 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 A

TID Argon 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0Nitrogen 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0

Synthetic air HC-free

Atomic Helium 6.0 6.0emission Nitrogen 6.0 5.3 Edetectors Hydrogen 5.0 5.0

AED Oxygen 5.0 5.0Methane 4.5 4.5

Mass selektive Helium 7.0 – 6.0 6.0detectors(GC-) MS

Gas chromatography (GC)

Remarks

High purity instrumentation gases and a suitable gas supply system (see chapter “Gas Supply Systems”) are, in addition to exact sample pre-paration, the most important prerequisites for trouble-free and dependable analysis with modern measuring instruments.

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Instrumentation Gases

1 Due to the presence of phosphine from the production of the acetylene, the blue acetylene flame has a milky color, whichinterferes with the photometric analysis. For this reason specially purified “Acetylene for Flame photometry” should be used.

2 The proportion of acetone in the acetylene rises as the cylinder pressure drops. This causes measuring errors in the case ofelements whose sensitivity strongly depends on the composition of the fuel gas/oxidation gas. Instrument manufacturers therefore recommend that the acetylene cylinder be changed at a remaining pressure of 6 - 7 bar.

Technique Detection limit Gas Gas purity Application Remarks

Flame ppm Propane 2.5 Fuel gas Propane is heavier than air.photometry range Synthetic air Standard Oxidation gas It may therefore not be used/stored

in basements or under the earth’sAcetylene Acetylene for Fuel gas surface.

Flame PhotometrySynthetic air Standard Oxidation gas See also remarks 1 and 2

Spark ppm/ppb Argon Argon Protective Oxygen and moisture in the protectivespektrometry range for Spectrometry atmosphere atmosphere influence the sensitivity

2 – 4% Hydrogen Both 6.0 Protective and measuring result. A high purityBalance Argon atmosphere protective atmosphere is essential.

Spektrometry ppb/ppt Argon Argon for Trägergas The sensitivity and reproducibilitywith range Spectrometry depend on the purity of the gas.

inductively Argon Argon for Plasma gas The same applies to ICP-MS.coupled Spectrometry

plasma (ICP) Argon Argon for Cooling gasSpectrometry

Nitrogen 5.0 Cooling gas

Atomic emission spectrometry (AES)

Remarks

High purity instrumentation gases and a suitable gas supply system (see chapter “Gas Supply Systems”) are, in addition to exact sample pre-paration, the most important prerequisites for trouble-free and dependable analysis with modern measuring instruments.

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)

Technique Detection limit Gas Gas purity Application Remarks

Flame ppb/ppt Acetylene Acetylene for Fuel gas See also remarks 1 and 2technique range Flame Photometry

Synthetic air Standard Oxidation gas

Acetylene Acetylene for Fuel gas See also remarks 1 and 2Flame Photometry

Nitrous 2.5 Oxidation gasoxide

Hydrogen 5.0 Fuel gas Interfering escort substances oftenSynthetic air Standard Oxidation gas cause matrix effects.

Hydrogen 5.0 Fuel gas This very interference-prone flame isArgon Argon for used for highly volatile elements.

SpectrometryAmbient air Oxidation gas

Graphit-tube ppb/ppq Argon Argon for Inert/Purge gas The disadvantage of the nitrogen is technique range Spectrometry the possible formation of nitride and

Nitrogen 5.0 Inert/Purge gas cyanide as well as a reduction in sensitivity.

Hydride and ppb/ppt Argon Argon for Carrier gas Noble metal carriers are used to raisecold vapor range Spectrometry sensitivity for Hg enrichment.technique Nitrogen 5.0 Carrier gas

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Gases in

Small Containers

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Gases in Small Containers

In the case of many applications, large gas cylinders aretoo cumbersome. In addition, there are also other reasons,such as low or only sporadic gas requirements, safety con-siderations, technical prerequisites, etc., that necessitate moresuitable forms of gas supply.

With its product line of “Gases in Small Containers”, Lindeoffers total solutions wherever light container weight or onlyvery small quantities of gas are required.

The following models are available:

Linde Small Steel Cylinders (lecture bottles)

Linde minican® pressure cans

All standard gases and gas mixtures in small containersare available from current production at short notice. To saveboth time and expense, they are shipped directly from thesupplying plant or – where permissible – by mail (please referto the information provided under the respective type of con-tainer).

The containers described here are not intended for reuse.No credit is given for containers and packaging that are re-turned.

This chapter also describes:

Linde Plastigas® bags

The main fields of application for these bags are the with-drawal of gas samples and the preparation of calibration gasmixtures at the customer site.Gases and gas mixtures are not delivered in Plastigas® bags.

Small gas containers store

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Linde Small Steel Cylinders

Linde Small Steel Cylinders (lec-ture bottles) are high-pressure steelcontainers for high-purity gases.They are employed as disposablecontainers. The cylinders are TÜV-approved an comply with the Ger-man Pressure Vessel Directive(Druckbehälterverordnung). Their 300bar test pressure permits large quan-tities of gas to be filled. Gas withdra-wal is by means of type-tested valveswith outlet connection according toDIN 477.

Linde charges for the costs ofdisposing of Small Steel Cylindersreturned to it. According to transpor-tation regulations, these cylindersmay only be returned in their originalpacking.

SpecificationsWater capacity: 0.38 litersTare weight (with valve): 1.7 kgLength (with valve): approx. 380 mmOutside diameter: 50 mm

Shipment by mail is not possible.In the case of reasonable quantities,other gases or mixtures are alsoavailable in Linde Small Steel Cylinders.

Type of gas Purity Chemical Contents Order symbol (approx.) number

Ammonia 3.8 NH3 180 g 1 4940 001Argon 5.3 Ar 80 l 1 4930 002Boron trifluoride 1.6 BF3 240 g 1 4940 004Carbon dioxide 4.5 CO2 280 g 1 4930 028Carbon monoxide 3.7 CO 50 l 1 4930 029Chlorine 2.8 Cl2 450 g 1 4940 013Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) 2.8 CH3Cl 270 g 1 4940 034Dimethylether 3.0 C2H6O 200 g 1 4940 0192,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 2.0 C5H12 160 g 1 4930 020Ethane 3.5 C2H6 150 g 1 4930 022Ethylene (Ethene) 3.5 C2H4 140 g 1 4930 023Ethylene oxide 3.0 C2H4O 260 g 1 4940 026Helium 5.3 He 70 l 1 4930 027Helium-3 (Stable He Isotope) * 3He 1 – 10 lHydrogen 5.3 H2 65 l 1 4930 050Hydrogen chloride 2.8 HCl 250 g 1 4930 014Isobutane (i-Butane) 3.5 C4H10 160 g 1 4930 007Methane 4.5 CH4 70 l 1 4930 031Neon 4.5 Ne 70 l 1 4930 035Nitric oxide 2.5 NO 15 l 1 4930 064Nitrogen 5.3 N2 72 l 1 4930 042Nitrogen dioxide (Dinitrogen tetroxide) 2.0 NO2 (N2O4) 450 g 1 4940 043Nitrous oxide 2.5 N2O 280 g 1 4930 021Oxygen 4.5 O2 76 l 1 4930 052Propane 3.5 C3H8 160 g 1 4930 037Sulfur dioxide 3.8 SO2 400 g 1 4940 039Sulfur hexafluoride 3.0 SF6 390 g 1 4930 040Vinyl chloride (Chloroethylene) 3.7 C2H3Cl 250 g 1 4940 048Xenon 4.0 Xe 18 l 1 4930 051

* Enrichment ≥ 99.9 %

Quality control of gases in Linde Small Steel Cylinders

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Linde minican®

pressure cans

Linde minican® pressure cans aredisposable aluminum containers.They are approved pursuant to theGerman Pressure Vessel Directive(Druckbehälterverordnung).

Linde participates with itsminican® pressure can in the recyc-ling system “Der grüne Punkt – Duales System Deutschland”. Emptycans are passed on for recyclingthrough this collection system.

The test pressure is 18 bar. Thecans are equipped with a self-closingvalve in a pretected location, with thesame outlet being employed for alltypes of gases. A special line of fit-tings, which can be employed univer-sally throuthout the minican® system,permits the gases to be withdrawnand fed.

SpecificationsWater capacity: 1 literTare weight: approx. 140 gLength including cap: 270 mmOutside diameter: 80 mm

With the exception of carbon mon-oxide, all gases in pressure cans canbe shipped by mail in shipments ofup to 10 cans.

Type of gas Purity Chemical Contents Order symbol (approx.) number

Argon 5.0 Ar 12 l 1 4950 001Butane (n-Butane) 2.5 C4H10 500 g 1 4950 004Carbon dioxide 4.5 CO2 21 g 1 4950 015Carbon monoxide 3.7 CO 12 l 1 4950 029Deuterium * D2 12 l 1 4950 005Ethane 2.5 C2H6 14 g 1 4950 011Ethylene (Ethene) 2.8 C2H4 13 g 1 4950 012Helium 5.0 He 12 l 1 4950 014Hydrogen 5.0 H2 12 l 1 4950 027Isobutane (i-Butane) 2.5 C4H10 450 g 1 4950 003Krypton 4.0 Kr 12 l 1 4950 016Methane 3.5 CH4 12 l 1 4950 017Neon 4.5 Ne 12 l 1 4950 018Nitrogen 5.0 N2 12 l 1 4950 021Nitrous oxide 2.5 N2O 21 g 1 4950 010Oxygen 4.5 O2 12 l 1 4950 019Sulfur hexafluoride 3.0 SF6 69 g 1 4950 020Xenon 4.0 Xe 12 l 1 4950 028

* Enrichment ≥ 99.8 %

Gases in Small Containers

Pure gases

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Linde minican®-pressure cans

All gas mixtures/calibration gasmixtures listed in Linde minican®

pressure cans can be shipped bymail.

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Application Standard mixtures Ordernumber

Room air 30 ppm CO Balance Synth. air 1 4960 013monitoring 300 ppm CO Balance Synth. air 1 4960 001

1 % CO Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0021 % H2 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0061.6 % H2 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 4050.88 % CH4 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 2901 % CH4 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0111.76 % CH4 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 2952.5 % CH4 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0120.5 % C3H8 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0040.5 % DIN-Propane Balance Synth. air 1 4960 0091 % DIN-Propane Balance Synth. air 1 4960 010

20 % O2 Balance N2 1 4960 019(Synthetic air)

Exhaust control 15 % CO2, 0.3 % CO Balance N2 1 4960 0214 % CO Balance N2 1 4960 0248 % CO Balance N2 1 4960 022

Calibration gas C 1.5 % CO, 11 % CO2,for exhaust gas tests 600 ppm C3H8 Balance N2 1 4960 033

Calibration gas A 3.5 % CO, 14 % CO2,for exhaust gas tests 2000 ppm C3H8 Balance N2 1 4960 035

O2 instrumentation 1 % O2 Balance N2 1 4960 042

Gas- each 10 ppm CH4, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, i-C4H10

chromatography Balance He 1 4960 051each 100 ppm CH4, C2H6, C3H8, n-C4H10, i-C4H10

Balance He 1 4960 052

Instruction 10 % H2 Balance N2 1 4960 071

Medicine 5.6 % CO2 Balance O2 1 4960 09210 % CO2 Balance N2 1 4960 0955 % CO2 Balance N2 1 4960 0432 % CO2, 2 % O2 Balance N2 1 4960 0965 % CO2, 12 % O2 Balance N2 1 4960 0945 % CO2, 20.9 % O2 Balance N2 1 4960 1005 % CO2, 65 % N2O Balance O2 1 4960 0904 % CO2 Balance Synth. air 1 4960 098

Lighting 25 % Ar Balance Ne 1 4960 003

Contents per can: 12 liters.

In addition to these standard mixtures, mixtures having other compositions are alsoavailable on request. A prerequisite, however, is that each consignment consist of aminimum order of 5 cans per mixture.

Withdrawal equipment for the Lindeminican®

Calibration gas mixtures/Gas mixtures

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Gases in Small Containers

Equipment for Linde minican® pressure cans

Spray nozzlefor blowing gases at open instrumentationOrder number: 3 7610 001

Syringe adapter for withdrawal of minute quantities of gas with the aid ofpressure-proof syringes and needlesOrder number: 3 7610 004

Pressure regulator with metering valve for gas withdrawal at a uniform overpressure of 500 mbar(fixed setting)Order number: 3 7610 011

Pressure regulator as under , but additionally with inlet pressure gaugeOrder number: 3 7610 010

Fine-regulating valvecan be evacuated, especially suitable for metered with-drawal of even minute quantities of gasOrder number: 3 7610 012

Fine-regulating valve as under , but additionally with pressure gaugeOrder number: 3 7610 013

Tube fittingfor 6 mm outside diameter glass pipe; attaches to theregulating valve, suitable for connection to glass fittingsOrder number: 3 7610 014

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Linde Plastigas® bags

Examples of application fields:

Linde Plastigas® bags as sampling containers

Linde Plastigas® bags are superbly suited for taking, trans-porting and storing gas samples under atmospheric pressure.In many cases, for example, they are employed for exhaustgas analyses in environmental pollution monitoring and formonitoring occupational threshold values. Among the advan-tages offered by Linde Plastigas® bags over conventionalsampling vessels (glass or metal containers) are their ease ofuse, even in hard-to-reach locations, the fact that they can becompletely emptied, and the trouble-free manner in whichthey can be transported.

Linde Plastigas® bags used for storing small parts indefined gas atmospheres

An interesting application for Linde Plastigas® bags is inconjunction with experiments whose purpose is to determinethe behavior of small components when they are stored inreactive gas atmospheres. In these experiments the compo-nents to be tested is welded into a Plastigas® bag, which isthen filled with the desired gas or gas mixture. These kinds ofexperiment arrays can provide information on disturbing com-ponents in production processes, for example, or on how cor-rosion occurs. On the basis of analyses of the gaseous reac-tion components, it is possible to provide quantitative informa-tion as a function of the exposure period.

Linde Plastigas® bags with certified volumes(± 1 % rel.) for preparing calibration gas mixtures

It can often be practical to prepare calibrationgas mixtures by directly blending the componentsat virtually atmospheric pressure if the required gasmixture cannot (condensation) or should not (safety)be produced at elevated pressure, if cost conside-rations dictate that a large volume of calibration gasmixtures should not be produced, or if maximumaccuracy of the calibration gas mixture is not initiallyrequired for preliminary tests.

The preparation accuracies of the volume con-centrations of the components in a calibration gas

mixture that can be achieved by means of the volumetric-sta-tic method range from a few ppm to 1000 ppm at ± 4 % rel.,which means that in many cases control analyses are notrequired. Since gas-tight syringes are employed, the air con-stituents N2, O2 and argon cannot be proportioned with thesame accuracy.

It is necessary to ensure that the inner plastic layer (poly-ethylene) of the Linde Plastigas® bags is compatible with thebalance gas and the component(s). The extent of any absorp-tion of the component(s) or balance gas by the inner wall ofthe bag must be taken into consideration.

The preparation of calibration gas mixtures in accordancewith the volumetric-static method using plastic bags is de-scribed in Sheet 11 of VDI Standard 3490 “Measuring ofgases/calibration gas mixtures”.

Linde Plastigas® bags are

flexible, but not elastic gas tight pressure resistant up to gauge pressures of approx.

0.3 bar temperature resistant up to approx. 50 °C

Design:

Aluminum foil substrate backed with multiple layers of plastic

Interior coated with polyethylene Seams thermoplastically welded

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Gas withdrawal/filling by means of:

Septum with needle or gas-tight syringe Spout with bubble hose Valve with hose connection

The pressure required for removing the gas is produced bycompressing the bag. The “bubble hose” has a conical en-largement (the “bubble”), which produces a gas-tight seat inthe spout after it has been cut open.

Following gas withdrawal/filling, the bag is sealed by ben-ding the spout over and sealing it with a paper clip or ad-hesive tape, for example.

Plastigas® bags can be shipped by mail.

Note: Due to the thermoplastic welding and inner surface of

polyethylene, it cannot be completely ruled out that the insideof the bag is contaminated with traces of hydrocarbon. If thebags are to be used for samples with traces of hydrocarbon,either blank values must be determined first or the bags mustbe purged intensively with inert gas.

Model Contents Quantity Accessories OrderLiters approx. per package number

with nozzle for bubble hose 2.5 10 1 bubble hose 3 7660 001with nozzle for bubble hose 5.5 10 1 bubble hose 3 7660 002with nozzle for bubble hose 22 3 1 bubble hose 3 7660 003bubble hose alone 3 7660 005with valve 10 3 3 7660 006with valve 27 2 3 7660 007with valve, volume calibrated 10 3 Instructions for use 3 7660 008

Analysis of a gas sample

Plastigas® bag for sampling at a ventilator outlet

Gases in Small Containers

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Gas Supply Systems

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Gas Supply Systems

Due to their special properties, specialty gases place parti-cular demands on the components for transport, control andmonitoring. Either because the application requires that thegases be provided in espacially high purity at the point of use,or because their chemicophysical properties necessitate spe-cial design of the gas supply installations and their compo-nents.

Everything from one source

Linde is thoroughly familiar with the properties of thesegases and the resulting equipment requirements and is there-fore in a position to offer total gas management and engi-neered solutions.

Complete solutions

The customer's objective and ideas are first surveyed onsite. A concept is then developed on the basis of the specificsituation at the customer's site and submitted to the customerin the forrn of a proposal. If several alternative versions arepossible, the optimum solution is developed jointly with theuser.

Linde supplies turn-key facilities for virtually every concei-vable application in research, development and production.

Linde's services:

Consultancy Concept development Design Project planning Erection and installation Commissioning Documentation Service

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The appropriate equipment for every application

The type of gas and the purity in which it is required are dic-tated by the application. It is necessary for the gas supplysystem to satisfy the corresponding requirements. During thecourse of the design phase, the type and nature of the equip-ment is specified by our engineers in such a manner as toprovide optimum safety, economy and satisfaction of theapplication-specific aspects.

Using the typical components of a specialty gas supplysystem by way of example, the table below illustrates how thespecifications differ on the basis of the varying requirements.

Supply systems for industrial gases are not treated here. Please refer to our brochure entitled “Central Gas Supply” fordetails regarding selection of individual components.

Design of components in specialty gas supply systems

Gas purity Class 5.0 Class 6.0 Class 6.0 and higher as well asas semiconductor process gases

Pressure regulator Brass or stainless steel, Predominantly stainless steel, Stainless steel,specially cleaned, specially cleaned, electropolished,He leak rate = 10-7 mbar l/s, He leak rate = 10-9 mbar l/s, high surface quality,elastomer or metallic stainless steel diaphragm He leak rate = 10-9 mbar l/s,diaphragm stainless steel diaphragm,

minimized dead volume,free of NF metals,assembled under cleanroom conditions, minimum particulate emission

Valves Diaphragm-type seal, Diaphragm-type seal Diaphragm-type sealrarely packing seal Bellow-type seal Bellow-type sealor O-ring seal Electropolished

Minimized deal volume

Piping Copper or stainless Stainless steel, specially Stainless steel,steel, specially cleaned cleaned or electropolished electropolished

Pipe connections Brazed flux-free, Orbital welded Orbital weldedorbital welded

Detachable connections Metal-to-metal sealed Metal-to-metal sealed Metal-to-metal sealedtube fittings tube fittings VCR unions

Metal-to-metal sealedVCR unions

Application examples Gas supply for general laboratory Gas supply for laboratory Gas supply for R&D applications needs, for gas analyzers, needs involving high purity involving ultra-high purities, e.g. in for production plants using gases, for gas analyzers using microelectronics, for production high-quality working gases, calibration gas mixtures in the plants using ultra-high purity gases e.g. CO2 lasers, lamp ppm range and/or with corrosive and gas mixtures as well as manufacturing, fabrication of calibration components, for corrosive and toxic process gases,special ceramics and metals production plants using highest e.g. for VLSI circuits, sensors,

purity gases and gas mixtures, solar cellse.g. excimer lasers, manufactureof optical fibers, discretecomponents and less highlyintegrated circuits

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Gas Supply Systems

Components for specialty gas supplysystems

Complete supply systems for specialty gases usuallycomprise the following components:

Cylinder cabinets with pressure regulating stations (1stpressure stage)

Piping Shutoff, control and safety fittings Points of use (2nd pressure stage)

Depending on the application in question and specific custo-mer demands, additional components can also be integrated:

Process and purge gas panels Particle filters Gas purification systems Gas mixing systems Gas dilution systems Measurement and monitoring systems for

inlet pressure, outlet pressure mass flow gas purity particle content workplace environment (explosion hazard, TLV)

Waste gas purification Signaling and control systems for emergency shut-down of

the gas supply system in the event of potentially hazardousmalfunctions

Measurement and control systems for pressure, volumeand mass flow

Stored-program control (SPC) systems for automatedcylinder cabinets and special facilities

Monitoring systems for ongoing quality monitoring anddocumentation

PC-based gas management systems.

Pipeline section for high-purity gases and test gases

Assembly service

Portable concrete boxes for setting up special gas cylinders outdoors

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Complete supply systems Central gas supply

Linde designs and installs complete supply systems. Thesystems can be either standard systems for common applica-tions, or they can be customized for special needs.

Standard systems

Examples of proven standard systems include central gassupply for gas chromatographs, especially for ECD analysisand for excimer lasers.

ECD analysis is employed if traces of halogen compo-unds are to be detected. Consequently, only those materialswhich are definitely free of halogen compounds may beemployed in the gas supply system. In addition, it is alsonecessary to ensure that only CFC-free cleaning agents areused for the cleaning steps during the course of the manufac-ture and assembly of the individual components.

For excimer lasers working gases are employed thatcontain fluorine or hydrogen chloride in the percent range. Inthe design of the supply system for these highly toxic and cor-rosive gases it is imperative to give special consideration tomaterials compatibility and safety. Our standard supplysystems for excimer lasers, for example, are therefore equip-ped with a dry-type filter to protect against corrosion (option),special safety fittings as well as a waste gas purificationsystem.

Custom-tailored supply systems

The specific requirements of gas applications in widelyvarying industries usually necessitate custom-tailored soluti-ons. The system could be used, for example, to automaticallysupply climate simulation chambers with artificially generatedatmospheres, or to supply a program-controlled filling plant forlamp gases.

Highly complex supply systems are generally employed inthe high-technology sector, e.g. for fabricating highly integra-ted components in microelectronics, or in solar and sensortechnology.

Designing and building these kinds of systems necessitatethe utmost in competence and specific know-how on the partof the supplier.

Linde has this expertise. Our engineering department designs and builds custom-tailored systems to solve gas supply problems.

Gas supply for excimer lasers, 2-cylinder version, installation insafety cabinet

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Linde offers these users a complete supply system thatcan be optimized for every particular application to achievehighest gas purities.

Such a system can begin with an on-site air separationplant, which today is capable of simultaneously producingnitrogen in a purity up to 8.8 and oxygen up to 6.0. This isnaturally only economical if most of the gas used (approx. > 60 %) is needed in this high purity. If not, it is better to re-duce the production purity to 6.0 or 7.0 and install a catalyticor getter-based gas purifier for the small quantity of gas need-ed in a very high purity. This generally also applies to the sup-ply of cryogenically liquefied gases, which are usually pro-duced in the above-mentioned purities (exception: liquefiedhydrogen can be produced in qualities up to 9.0 without extrapurification). Gas purifiers work fully automatic over manyyears without interruption and do not need much mainte-nance.

To check whether the gas purifier is working correctly andtrack down recontamination by, for example, faults in the gasdistribution system, a gas analyzer system is usually installeddownstream of the gas purifier. The system works fully auto-matically and continuously and can measure various compo-nents in the gas simultaneously. It can detect impurities inmost bulk gases down into the ppt range. These systems areequipped with their own calibration system, alarm functions,permanent storage of measured data, remote service anddata transmission capabilities and are, thanks to a graphicuser surface, easy to use.

These systems canbe either bought orrented as wished. Lindeoffers maintenance ser-vices for all the above-mentioned systems.Due to the many yearsof operating experiencewith them, this mainte-nance is especially eco-nomical.

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Gas Supply Systems

Gas purifiers and analyzer systems

Certain gas applications require very high levels of gaspurity, sometimes even the maximum that is technically pos-sible. An example of such an application is ULSI in modernmicroelectronics (ULSI = Ultra Large Scale Integration).

Silicon, the basic material used predominantly in this field,can, for example, be purified to a purity of 99.99999999 %, orin gas point notation “10.0”, by means of the Czochralskimethod. The purities of the protective gases used, for exam-ple, in high temperature processes must also lie at least inthese ranges.

The costs of achieving this level of purity and of the qualitycontrol required, however, rise disproportionately high with thepurity achieved.

It is therefore uneconomical to orientate the purity of gasesproduced in large quantities to the quality requirements of aminority of very demanding customers. It is more economicalto provide special methods for customer-specific purificationand quality control for these applications.

Atmospheric Pressure IonizationTime-of-flight mass spectrometer (APITOF)

Inline monitoringsystem for bulk gases

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Specialty Gas Service

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Quality Control of the filling gas of a ROSAT detector before the launch of a satelitte at Cape Canaveral (NASA)

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Specialty Gas Service

Gas analytical service

This service is aimed especially at companies that do nothave their own analysis equipment. For cost reasons the highinvestments in equipment and personnel are frequently notjustified because analysis problems only have to be handledoccasionally.

Depending on the transportability and availability of theequipment, these analyses can also be carried out at thecustomer's site. The Mobile Analytical Service with its well-equipped vehicle is available on call for these analyses.

In view of the relative measuring accuracy regarding thesubstances and impurities that have to be determined in thegas samples, representative sampling is of decisive impor-tance. The know-how of Linde's personnel and suitable sampling containers and systems minimize these influencingfactors.

Below is a selection of the analysis systems available:

A sector field mass spectrometer designed especially foranalyzing gases

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer with ionization atatmospheric pressure to detect impurities in the ppt range

Various gas chromatographs, equipped with universal(TCD, HeID) and specific detectors (FID, ECD, argon, Hall,helium, chemiluminescence detectors)

Chemiluminescence analyzers for nitrogen

Gas chromatograph with enrichment module to analyzeHC impurities in the ppb range

Particle measurement devices on laser basis

High-resolution FTIR with pressure-resistant long path cells

Various NDIR analyzers for various types of gases

Numerous devices for direct wet-chemical determinationaccording to DIN/VDI guidelines

Moisture analyzers (e.g. dew-point level, capacitive measuring methods)

Oxygen trace analyzers (electrochemical, phosphorousluminescence)

A row of dedicated analyzers, some of which are not evenavailable on the instrumentation market

Ion chromatography

UV/VIS spectrometry

AES (atomic emission spectrometry)

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Accreditation of the “Analytical Laboratory”

A major aim of the European internalmarket is to make the requirements placedon goods and products comparable, i.e. tosimplify work in test laboratories.

The accreditation policy needed for thisaims to facilitate the reciprocal recognitionof test certificates to save cost-intensivemultiple testing. The German accreditationsystem has, on the one hand, to take European regulationsinto account and, on the other, to pay due regard to the situa-tion prevailing in Germany – the interaction and coexistence ofthe regulated and unregulated fields. Both fields fall under thecontrol of the DAR – Deutscher Rat für Akkreditierung or Ger-man Board of Accreditation – which coordinates activities inthe field of accreditation, recognition of test laboratories andcontrol bodies in Germany. The accreditation of test laborato-ries in the statutorily unregulated field is carried out by theDAP – Deutsches Akkreditierungssysttem Prüfwesen GmbH.Similar approving laboratories eg. N.P.L./U.K.A.S. exist inother countries.

Prerequisites for accreditation:

Trained personnel Independence of employees Technical competence Availability of suitable premises and equipment Validation of the analytical methods Maintenance of a quality management system Keeping of confidentiality

Linde's “Analytical Laboratory” of the Specialty Gas Worksin Unterschleissheim has been accredited according to DINEN 45001 – General Criteria for the Operation of Test Labora-tories – by DAP. It therefore has the competence to carry outtests in the fields of gas analysis named according to standar-dized and modified methods.

Accreditation, however, also means that the quality of theanalytical tests are regularly checked by DAP throughout theperiod of validity of the accreditation.

What does accreditation mean for our customers?

Equal recognition in the case of arbitrational analyses Upgrading of the customer's position when it introduces

quality management systems (audits) Proof of qualifications when participating in cooperative

tests and in the compilation of reference materials

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Mobile Analytical Service

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Environmentally-compatible disposal and recycling

Compressed gas cylinders are usually extremely safe andreliable containers for the storage and transportation of com-pressed gases or gases liquefied under pressure if they arehandled, cared for and tested properly and in accordance withregulations. If, however, this is not the case, e.g. if they arestored in a corrosive atmosphere for a long period of time,were buried in underground or were damaged by fire, theycan become a serious danger to man, environment and pro-perty. It is then necessary to dispose of the gases and con-tainers in a safe, technically correct and environmentally-com-patible manner.

Due to the very special properties of compressed gasesand containers, normal special waste management compa-nies are usually not qualified to carry out this work.

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Specialty Gas Service

Linde has used its long technical experience in the field ofgases to develop a system for disposing of gases in gas cylin-ders in Germany that is both ecologically sound and also in fullconformity with the law.

To this end a Central Disposal Center was erected in Un-terschleissheim near Munich. It contains all the facilities need-ed for proper disposal of gases, a complex safety infrastruc-ture and is staffed by experienced, specially trained personnel.

Linde has all the necessary certificates and permits re-quired in terms of current legislation:

Permit to erect and operate a residual gas disposal plantaccording to BImschG (German law on immissions)

Collection and transportation permit in terms of § 49, par.1 KrW-/AbfG (German law on recycling and waste mana-gement)

Authorization to collect waste ADR permit to transport hazardous goods

Disposal Center in Unterschleissheim near Munich

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In addition to the statutory requirements, Linde also offersthe following services for environmentally-friendly disposal andrecycling:

Help in acute emergencies (e.g. badly corroded, leaking or fire-damaged cylinders,defective valves, etc.) For this Linde offers on-site consulting by gas specialists,pressure-resistant recovery containers for gas cylindersand a mobile intervention squad with comprehensive tech-nical equipment.

Identification of the contents that could prove to be difficult in the case of badly corroded cylinders and simul-taneously unsafe or defective valves.

This identification of contents is an essential prerequisite forevery further step, e.g.

– Transportation in conformity with legal requirements(approval of the recovery container / existence of a spe-cial transportation permit / equipment of the disposalvehicle)

– Decision on whether the cylinder can be drilled in thecase of a defective valve

– Checking whether the gas in question is contained inthe permit for Linde's residual gas disposal plant.

Linde specialists are in a position to identify apparentlyunimportant details, e.g. valve thread, paint residues,stamping fragments, corrosion products on the valve and,if necessary, the contents of gas cylinders by means ofmetal-penetrating measuring methods without having tooperate the possibly defective valve.

Consultation services for the waste producer, collection of compressed gas cylinders

Linde is authorized by permit to collect wastes. If a pro-ducer has a quantity of waste of one type (according to thesame EWC-No.) of less than 15 tons per year, Linde cancollect it and issue a general certificate confirming its dis-posal. If the quantity of waste exceeds the threshold valuementioned above, Linde can on request advise the custo-mer in the compilation of an individual disposal certificate.

Transportation of the cylinders to the disposal plant in Unterschleissheim

Linde's relevant employees are authorized in terms of ADRto transport hazardous goods. Linde also has a generaltransportation permit in terms of § 41, par. 1 KrW-/AbfG.There are a number of possibilities for the management oftransportation. Our specialists know what is permitted byapplicable regulations and what is appropriate in the inte-rests of public safety.

Protecting a corroded cylinder in a recovery container

Gas-tight, pressure-resistant recovery container

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Specialty Gas Service

Opening of the cylinder in the case of a defective valve and controlled gas withdrawal

Linde has a number of methods for the controlled empty-ing of compressed gas cylinders with defective valves, i.e. thegas contents are not released uncontrolled. A reliable andrational method for this is drilling with a gas-tight drill.

Recycling or chemical conversion of the gasinto a state in which it can be reused, emitted or dumped.

In terms of the provisions of KrW-/AbfG on the avoidance,utilization and disposal of wastes, Linde works by the fol-lowing order of priority:– Collection, reprocessing and reutilization of pure gases– Catalytic decomposition of nitrogen oxides in oxygen

and nitrogen– Open combustion if all the waste gases produced are

constituents of the natural atmosphere– Combustion in closed combustion chambers followed

by waste- gas scrubbing– Acidic, alkaline or alkaline oxidative gas scrubbing with

reprocessing of the resultant saline solutions– Conversion on solid adsorbers.

Reutilization of the cylinder material by scrapping

Cylinders that are no longer fit for use are scrapped andthe material then recycled.

Procedure for the disposal of gases– Notification of the responsible Linde Distribution Center by

the customer of his need to have gas disposed of– Cost estimate by Linde– Placing of an order– Filing of all documents on the whereabouts of the wastes

It is important in such an event that all applicable laws,regulations and requirements, e.g. of waste law, transportationlaw and German immissions law, are complied with in full andthat the steps are documented. Only in this way are thecustomer and Linde equipped for investigations by the regula-tory authorities on the whereabouts of specially controlledwastes.

Linde offers these services to multiply its benefits to thecustomer. If you want to find out more about this subject orhave cylinder gases you need to get rid of, please contactyour nearest Linde Distribution Center.

Drilling a cylinder with defective valve

Purging a small recovery container with neutralization of thepurge gas

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Containers

for Specialty Gases

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Containers for Specialty Gases

Linde pressurized gas containers comply with the GermanPressure Vessel Directive (TRG 310 and TRG 801 ff).

Seamless high-pressure cylinders (of steel or aluminum)are used for compressed gases or gases liquefied under pres-sure whose critical temperature is TC < +70 °C.

Cylinder bundles are larger transport units consisting of 12 to 16 high-pressure cylinders fixed in a steel frame andconnected by pipes. Gas filling and withdrawal is effectedthrough a common valve.

A trailer contains a large number of firmly mounted cylinders.

Welded low-pressure cylinders (of sheet steel) are used forgases liquefied under pressure whose TC ≥ + 70 °C insofar asthis is permitted. Welded steel casks are also available for the-se gases. They are clamped in a steel frame and may betransported by road.

The Linde range of containers is supplemented by specialSmall Steel Cylinders, which are delivered as disposable cy-linders.

The cylinder colors and labels as well as the respective valve outlets are given in the specifications on the gases orgas mixtures.

See page 159 for a list of valve outlets prescribed by DIN477/ISO 5145.

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Cylinder valve outlets

The function of the cylinder valve is to safely lock in the gascontents. It is not suitable for regulation of gas withdrawal (seethe chapter Gas Handling Equipment).

Three types are mainly used:

1. A proven O-ring valvefor industrial gases. O-ring valves have along spindle lift and aretherefore suitable forhigh flow rates. Theyhave a packing systemthat allows knob opera-tion with low torque upto the maximum opera-ting pressure. They arealso designed for toughoperating conditions.The packing materialsare selected specificallyfor the type of gas forwhich they are to beused. The body ismade of brass (e.g.material number2.0540, DIN 17.660).

2. Diaphragm valves are used almostexclusively for ultra-high puritygases and calibration gas mixtures.Diaphragm valves have good externaland internal tightness (leak rate ≤10-7 mbar l/s). This is achieved bymetal diaphragms clamped betweenthe upper spindle and valve body andwhich thereby seal the body metalli-cally. Depending on the compatibilityof the material with the gas, the bodyis made of brass or stainless steel(e.g. material number 1.4305, DIN17440). The gas-side diaphragm ismade of Hastelloy and the valve seatof PCTFE.

3. A diaphragm valve in which the diaphragms are welded tothe lower spindle is used for electronic gases. Since thelower spindle and knob are joined by a mechanicalconnection, there is no necessity for a spring in the gaschamber. This measure results in a gas chamber with mini-mum area (= adsorption area). This raises the tightness(leak rate ≤ 10-9 mbar l /s). The shape of the gas chamberand the lack of a spring also result in significantly improvedparticle behavior. The body ismade of stainless steel 316 L(material number 1.4404/35).In addition to the classicalconnection as per DIN 477,an all-metal sealing connec-tion identical to the AmericanCGA connections of theseries 630 and 710 are avai-lable for electronic gases onrequest for the valve-sideoutlet thread (= DISS).

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Containers for Specialty Gases

Cylinder valve outlets as per DIN 477/ISO 5145

Gas category Valve outlet thread Connection number

DIN 477

Arsine, 1,3-Butadiene, Butane, 1-Butene,Chloromethane, Deuterium, Difluoromethane (R 32), Dimethylether, 2,2-Dimethylpropane, Disilane, Ethane, Ethylene, W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 1Ethylene Oxide, Germane, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Phosphide (Phosphine), Isobutane, Isobutene, Methane, Propane, Propylene, Silicane (Silane), Vinyl Chloride

Butane, Isobutane, Propane (water capacity up to 33 liters) W 21.80 x 1/14 LH 2

Acetylene Yoke fitting 3

Carbon Monoxide, Dichlorosilane, Hydrogen Sulfide 1 LH 5

Ammonia, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorodifluoromethane (R 22)Helium, Hexafluoroethane (R 116), Krypton, Neon, Octafluorocyclobutane (R C318), Octafluoropropane (R 218), W 21.80 x 1/14 6Sulfur Hexafluoride, Tetrafluoromethane (R 14), Trifluoromethane (R 23), Xenon

Sulfur Dioxide G 5/8 7

Boron Trichloride, Boron Trifluoride, Chlorine, Fluorine, Hydrogen Bromide, Hydrogen Chloride, Nitrogen Dioxide, 1 8Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Trifluoride, Silicon tetrafluoride 4.0

Oxygen, Calibration Gas Mixtures (oxygen content above 21 %) G 3/4 9

Nitrogen W 24.32 x 1/14 10

Nitrous Oxide (standard connection) G 3/8 11

Nitrous Oxide (water capacity up to 3 liters) G 3/4 INT 12

Calibration Gas Mixtures (oxygen content 21 % or less) M 19 x 1.5 LH 14

Non-flammable and non-toxic gases, M 30 x 1.5 INT 52filling pressure 300 bar

ISO 5145

Argon, Helium, Nitrogen W 30 x 2 0170Filling pressure above 200 - 300 bar

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Linde pressurized containers with old and new color coding

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Containers for Specialty Gases

Linde pressurized gas containers

0,38 NS HD 1,7 380 50 200/3001 LS HD/S 2 285 83 200/3002 AL HD/S 4,7 460 118 200/3002 LS HD 5,3 490 100 200/3007 SG ND 4 300 200 21*/32

10 AL HD/S 11,5 1100 140 200/30010 LS HD 16 970 140 200/30010 LS HD/A 21 980 140 18/6010 NS HD/K 19 1030 140 150/22510 ES ND/S 21 560 219 40*/6010 ES HD/S 32 590 219 200/30020 LS HD/A 38 940 204 18/6020 ES ND/S 17 660 265 43*/6527 SG ND 12 485 300 21*/3240 AL HD/S 45 1560 229 200/30040 LS HD/S 48 1630 204 150*/22540 LS HD/A 60 1630 204 19/6040 NS HD/K 78 1730 204 150/22540 ES HD/S 81 1560 219 200/30047 ES ND/S 50 1660 219 40*/6050 LS HD 67 1640 229 200/30050 LS HD/S 93 1750 229 300/45050 ES ND/S 31 1220 265 43*/6579 SG ND 35 1145 318 21*/3212x40 AL BL/M/S 950 1842 760x965 200/30012x40 AL BL/E/S 950 1842 760x965 200/30012x50 LS BL/M 1057 1842 760x965 200/30012x50 LS BL/E/S 1100 1842 760x965 300/450

950 SG F 565 2420 1000 22/33410x50 LS BF – – – 200/300

Water Container Type of Tare weight Length Outside Filling/capacity material container of the complete incl. cap diameter Designliters container pressure

approx. kg approx. mm approx. mm bar

*Filling by weight, varies depending on filling factor

Key:

Container material: TS = Temper-hardened steelNS = Steel with a minimum yield point of = 390 N/mm2SW = Sheet steel, weldedAL = Aluminum alloySS = Stainless steel

Type of container: HP = High-pressure cylinder, seamless drawnLP = Low-pressure cylinder, welded, for liquefied gases (Tc ≥ + 70 °C)BL = Bundle of 12-16 high-pressure cylindersC = Cask, dimensions and weight incl. transport frameT = Trailer with 280 or 410 high-pressure cylinders

With supplement: /A = Acetylene cylinder (weight of the porous mass and solvent included in the tare weight)/C = For corrosive gases and gas mixtures/S = Stainless steel piping/C = Copper piping/S = Only for special purposes

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Cryo-containers

Cryo-containers are used for the storage and transpor-tation of cryogenically liquefied gases like oxygen, argon,nitrogen, hydrogen and helium. They consist of an inside andan outside container. The space in between is filled withspecial insulating material and highly evacuated.

The cryo-containers are available as portable containers aswell as equipped with forklift pockets and/or rotatable wheels.A detailed description with technical specifications of contai-ners from 5 to 1000 l effective volumes including accessoriesand safety equipment is to be found in the brochure “LindeCryo-containers”.

Linde Liquefied Nitrogen (LIN)Storage and transportation containers

L 2005 to L 2100

Super-vacuum-insulated containers in upright constructionare available for the storage and transportation of liquefiednitrogen. They are made of alloyed aluminum (lacquered) andequipped with a simple sealing cap. The containers areintended for in-house use, but are also approved for transpor-tation on public roads in an unpressurized state.

A wheeled base and take-off are also offered for transpor-tation, transfusing and withdrawal - further information onrequest.

B 2002 to B 2036

Linde also offers super-vacuum-insulated liquefied nitrogencontainers in upright construction with sample holders for thesafe long-term storage of various samples at very low tempe-ratures. The containers are made of alloyed aluminum (lac-quered) and equipped with a simple sealing cap. They are in-tended for in-house use, but are also approved for transpor-tation on public roads in an unpressurized state.

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Cryo-containers for cryogenically liquefied gases

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Containers for Specialty Gases

Specifications

Type of container L 2005 L 2012 L 2025 L 2035 L 2050 L 2100

Geom. volume l 5.5 12.4 26 35 50 100

Operating pressure max.bar 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.65

Tare weight kg 4.4 8.1 10 15 17 32

Gross weight kg 8.8 18.1 31 41.5 57.5 113

Vaporization rate (stat.) %/d 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8

Neck outlet no no DN 50 KF DN 50 KF DN 50 KF DN 50 KF

Overall height cm 49.4 60 68.4 59.1 67.5 103.5

Diameter cm 24.5 31 39.5 48 50 50

Specifications Long-term freezing containers High-capacity freezing containers

Type of container B 2002 B 2003 B 2008 B 2011 B 2020 B 2036 B 2015 B 2016 B 2021 B 2030 B 2035

Geom. volume l 2 4.1 8.6 12 21.7 35.9 15.8 16.4 21.2 29.4 35.9

Tare weight (without canister) kg 2.7 4.2 7.1 8.1 9.8 16 8.1 9.2 10.9 12.9 14.7

Gross weight (without canister) kg 4.3 7.5 14 17.8 27.2 45 20.8 22.4 28.1 36.7 43.7

Overall height mm 407 433 533 623 660 652 623 449 482 552 688

Outside diameter mm 190 251 310 310 395 480 310 450 480 480 480

Neck diameter mm 32 51 51 51 51 51 89 51 89 89 89

Vaporization rate (stat.) %/d 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.25 0.13 0.22 0.23 0.17

Stat. holding time d 25 42 95 133 238 365 63 120 96 127 211

Number of ampoule-holder levels 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2

Canister height mm 110 110 110 270 270 270 270 110 110 110 110 270

Canister diameter mm 27 38 38 38 38 38 66 38 66 66 66

Canister number 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 6

Information on accessories like ampoules, ampoule holders and roller base, etc. on request.

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Liquid helium for cooling of superconductive magnets

Filling of an MR tomograph (MR = magnetic resonance)

with liquid helium

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Containers for Specialty Gases

Linde Liquid Helium (LHe)Storage and transportation container

Super-vacuum-insulated containers are available for thestorage and transportation of liquid helium (see table). Theyare made of non-magnetic cryogenic steel or alloyed alumi-num. With their four rotatable wheels, the containers can betransported to any point of use. The containers are equippedwith safety fittings and, depending on the type of approval, aresuitable for in-house use or transportation of LHe by road orrail as well as by air after a small change to the fittings. Independence on the diameter of the transfusing siphon, theappropriate crimp union is flanged on to the container in thefilling works.

Pressurization systems, consisting of a pressurized gascylinder and pressure regulator as well as transfer siphon, areoffered for the transfusing of liquid helium.

In addition to the standard containers, containers withbuilt-in withdrawal dip tube, level meter and electric own pressurization system as well as various items of equipmentfor simplified LHe transfer are offered.

For further information see the brochure “Liquefied Helium- Indispensable for Research, Technology and Medicine”.

Specifications CS 30 CS 60 CS 100 CS 250 CS 450 LHe LHe LHe LHe LHe

Volume l 30 60 100 250 450

Operating pressure bar 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Tare weight approx. kg 78.25 95.5 122.5 190 315

--- --- --- --- 392

Contents: approx. kg 3.75 7.50 12.50 31.25 56.25

Vaporization rate (stat.) %/d 3.0 2.2 1.5 1.2 0.9

--- --- --- 1.5 1.2

Neck outlet KF 40 40 40 50 50

Neck diameter (d) mm 32 32 32 50 50

Overall height mm 1210 1330 1360 1750 1754

--- --- --- --- 1920

Overall diameter mm 550 600 700 750 1050

Dip depth mm 940 1070 1140 1475 1300

Wheel diameter mm 100 125 125 160 200

Siphon opening Small flange DN 25 with crimp union alternatively (10/12/12.7/16/18 mm); connection coupling for a transfer line ( );

With forklift pockets Also available with built-in withdrawal dip tube and/or electric pressurization system

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Information, Tables

and Diagrams

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

Regulations governing the handling of com-pressed gases

To ensure proper safety, a number of rules and regulationsmust be observed when handling compressed gases. In thiscontext, “handling compressed gases” will be deemed tomean the transportation, storage, provision and emptying ofgas containers as well as the employment of the compressedgases themselves. The following information on this topic con-tains the most frequently applicable rules, regulations, instruc-tions and other publications.

The latest edition of the publication in question is definitive.

In view of the wide application range of compressedgases, however, it is not possible to provide an exhaustiveenumeration here. It is therefore the responsibility of everyuser to ensure that the pertinent rules and regulations areobserved. Definitive information can be obtained from thecompetent local authorities. Needless to say that the local Linde representative and/or the Export Head Office will alsoprovide assistance.

The following regulations are applicable for the transportati-on of compressed gases

German International

Road GGVS ADR

Rail GGVE RID

Sea GGVSee IMDG

Air ICAO ICAO/IATA

Mail Postal Code Postal Code

In-house Pressure Vessel Directive(Druckbehälter-Verordnung)

Various rules and regulations - depending on the industryin questions - apply for the storage, provision and empty-ing of pressure containers and for the employment ofcompressed gases (in the FRG), for example

Druckbehälter-Verordnung (DruckbehV) (Pressure VesselDirective)

Technische Regeln Druckgase (TRG) (Technical Rules forCompressed Gases)

Acetylenverordnung (AcetV) (Acetylene Directive)– Applies only with respect to the emptying and provisionof acetylene cylinders

Berufsgenossenschaftliches Vorschriften- und Regelwerk(BGVR)– BG-Vorschriften (BGV)

e.g. – „Allgemeine Vorschriften“ (BGV A1)– „Gase“ (BGV B6)– „Sauerstoff“ (BGV B7)

– BG-Regeln (BGR)e.g. – „Laboratorien“ (BGR 120)

– BG-Informationen (BGI)– BG-Grundsätze (BGG)

Gefahrstoffverordnung(Hazardous Substances Directive)

MAK-Werte-Liste(List of threshold limit values)

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Safety instructions for the handling of com-pressed gases

Gases can only be handled safely if their specific pro-perties are taken into consideration and safe handling of thepressurized containers is ensured, by competent and trainedpersonnel.

Many of the gases and gas mixtures that are contained inthis catalog are hazardous substances in terms of § 4 of theGerman Hazardous Substances Directive (Gefahrstoffverord-nung). They are flammable, oxidizing, toxic, spontaneouslyflammable or corrosive. In some cases these products canpossess several hazardous properties in parallel. Even an inertgas, for example, which is not a hazardous substance interms of the Hazardous Substances Directive, can have anasphyxiating effect if it replaces the oxygen in breathing air.

The products can be supplied compressed in the gaseousphase, liquefied under pressure, cryogenic liquefied or dis-solved under pressure.

Definitions

Mixed with air or other oxidizing substances, flammablegases have a flammable range.

Gases that have an ignition temperature of less than 100 °C are termed spontaneously flammable. These gasescan ignite already at room temperature when mixed withair or oxygen.

Gases are termed oxidizing if they propagate the com-bustion of substances.

Corrosive gases have a highly aggressive effect on manymaterials, especially metals, and have a damaging effecton skin and mucous membranes.

A gas is considered to be toxic if even minute concentra-tions can result in significant health hazards or death afterbeing inhaled by humans or coming into contact with theirskin.

Liquefied gases are gases that can be liquefied underpressure at room temperature.

Cryogenic liquefied gases are gases which remain in theliquid phase under low temperature.

Gases that are dissolved under pressure are dissolved in aliquid under an overpressure.

Pressurized gas containers

The following safety instructions are practical recommen-dations for the safe handling of pressurized gas containers.They are intended to supplement official safety regulations andnot as a substitute for them. These safety instructions apply toall pressurized gas containers containing gases, e.g.:

Steel cylinders Aluminum cylinders and Pressure cans, e.g. Linde minican®

Identification

The identification marking provides information pertainingto the contents of the pressurized gas containers. In the caseof cylinders the marking is in the form of embossments, prin-

ted lettering and labels. In the case of calibration gas mixturesadditional information can be seen from the certificate of ana-lysis that accompanies the gas.

Equipment

To prevent pressurized containers from being confused,they are equipped with different, gas-specific valve outlets.Which gases are equipped with which valve outlets can beseen from DIN 477 and ISO 5145 (see page 159). The valvesare protected by means of cylinder protection caps or appro-

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

priate packaging. If the valves on the pressurized containersare equipped with thread protection caps, they must be inplace when the cylinders are being transported or stored.

Periodic inspections

Compliance with the inspection dates is monitored by theLinde filling plants. Gas may continue to be withdrawn frompressurized containers whose inspection date has expired.This involves no safety hazard. Gases from “expired cylinders”can continue to be employed without any reduction in quality.However, pressurized containers whose inspection date hasexpired may only be transported on public roads if they arebeing taken for inspection.

Transportation

In-house, pressurized containers should preferably betransported with cylinder trucks, or in suitable carriers in thecase of small containers. Linde Safety Instructions No. 11

“Transportation of gas cylinders by motor vehicle” provide further information on the subject of transporting cylinders onpublic roads.

Storage

Whenever possible, upright and secured against tippingover.

Horizontally, if secured against rolling away. Horizontal storage is not permissible in the case of liquefied gases.

No storage in passageways, traffic areas, corridors orstairwells to make sure that evacuation routes are alwayskept free.

No storage together with flammable substances, e.g.paper, flammable liquids.

Storage areas for pressurized containers must be suffi-ciently ventilated.

To avoid impairing the quality of container and gas, pres-surized containers should be protected against the effectsof the weather (rain, snow), physical damage and dirt. Protection against sunshine is not required.

Pressurized containers should not be placed in the directvicinity of sources of heat, e.g. radiators and furnaces.They must be stored at a sufficient distance from radiatorsto ensure that a surface temperature of 50 °C is not ex-ceeded.

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Safe handling and withdrawal

Pressurized gas containers may only be handled by trainedpersonnel. Some of the training aids that are availableinclude the Linde Safety Instructions and product informa-tion leaflets. The information provided in these publicationsincludes physical and safety data as well as informationpertaining to toxicology and ecology.

When in use, cylinders must be protected against tippingover.

Cylinders containing liquefied gases must be drainedupright. Exception: if withdrawal in the liquid phase is de-sired, e.g. when equipped with a downstream evaporator.

For reasons of safety and quality, it is urgently recommen-ded that gas never be filled from one pressurized containerinto another, regardless of the purpose.

Only those pressurized containers that are required foruninterrupted continuation of the work should be locatedat the point of use.

Before pressurized containers are connected, it is neces-sary to ensure that the gas cannot flow back into the cylin-ders from the piping system.

Should it be necessary to increase the pressure throughheating in order to withdraw gas from pressurized contai-ners that are filled with liquefied gases, the containers mayonly be heated to a maximum temperature of 50 °C. Heating should be effected with hot water or air, never withan exposed flame.

After the valve outlet cap has been removed, avoid conta-mination of the valve outlet and immediately connect apressure regulator or cylinder connection valve.

Linde offers pressure regulators with matching connec-tions.

Before opening the cylinder valve, the handwheel on thepressure regulator must be backed off all the way (pressure regulator closed).

Open the cylinder valve smoothly (open slowly in the caseof oxygen cylinders). One turn of the handwheel opens thevalve fully.

Do not use any slipping agents, lubricants or tools for thispurpose.

The connection should be checked for leaks by means ofsuitable methods (e.g. leak spray or helium leak test).

Turn the handwheel of the pressure regulator slowly to theright until the desired outlet pressure has been reached.

Close the cylinder valve during interruptions in gas with-drawal.

Return the pressurized containers with a slight overpres-sure. This ensures that no foreign matter will be able topenetrate into the cylinder.

Pressurized containers with obvious defects must be clear-ly marked and returned to the Linde filling plant in question.

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

Actions in the event of fire

Notify the fire department.

If at all possible, remove pressurized containers from thearea endangered by the fire. If this is not possible, cool thepressurized containers by spraying them with water from aprotected location.

Inform the fire department of the presence of pressurizedcontainers in the area endangered by fire.

First aid

The following first aid information can be employed in themajority of all cases. However, the substance that was res-ponsible for the emergency can also necessitate additional orentirely different first aid measures.

If a corrosive gas comes into contact with the eyes, flushgenerously with water immediately (for at least 15 min.).

If a corrosive gas comes into contact with the skin, flushthe afflicted area generously with water (for at least 15 min.). Remove contaminated clothing.

If a toxic gas is inhaled, move the victim to fresh air imme-diately. The victim must be kept warm and calm. If breath-ing has ceased, perform artificial respiration (CPR). Ifbreathing is difficult, additional oxygen should be adminis-tered by an appropriately trained person.

If an asphyxiating gas has been inhaled, move the victim tofresh air and keep the victim warm and calm there. Ifbreathing has ceased, perform artificial respiration (CPR).

Should a cryogenic liquefied gas come into contact withthe body, it will evaporate very rapidly, absorbing largequantities of heat from the victim's tissue and causing“cryogenic burns”. Carefully flush the afflicted are withlukewarm water. Additional information is provided inSafety Instructions No. 5 “Cryogenic burns and frostbite”.

In all of the above cases a physician should be notifiedimmediately.

Publications

The publications listed below are available from the localLinde representative and/or the Export Head Office. Thesesafety instructions, safety data sheets and special leaflets areconstantly being updated and supplemented.

Safety data sheets for gases as per DIN 52900

General safety instructionsNo. 1: Handling of cryogenic liquefied gasesNo. 2: How to prevent acetylene cylinders from explodingNo. 3: Oxygen deficiencyNo. 4: Oxygen enrichmentNo. 5: Cryogenic burns and frostbiteNo. 7: Handling pressurized gas containersNo. 8: Transferring/ Filling gas cylindersNo. 10: Handling of acetyleneNo. 11: Transportation gas containers in motorised vehicles

(replaces nos. 6 and 9)No. 12: Working with Carbon dioxide (CO2)No. 13: Handling of hydrogenNo. 14: Handling of liquefied gasesNo. 15: Transportating gas cylinders with toxic gasesNo. 16: Handling of cryogenic liquefied nitrogen in mobile

cryo-containersNo. 17: Handling leaking inert gas cylindersNo. 18: Handling pressurized gases

IGV brochure: Transportation of gas cylinders, pallets andbundles on road vehicles

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

Where to obtain cited regulations and other publicationsTitle Source

GGVS: Verordnung über die innerstaatliche und grenzüberschreitende Deutsche Bundes-Verlag GmbHBeförderung gefährlicher Güter auf Straßen mit Anlagen A + B Postfach 120380, 53045 Bonn

ADR: European Agreement of the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road Deutsche Bundes-Verlag GmbH

GGVE: Verordnung über die innerstaatliche und grenzüberschreitende Deutsche Bahn AGBeförderung gefährlicher Güter mit der Eisenbahn Dokumentation und Logistik

Stuttgarter Str. 61a76137 Karlsruhe

RID: Ordnung für die internationale Eisenbahnbeförderung Deutsche Bahn AGgefährlicher Güter Dokumentation und Logistik

GGVSee: Gefahrgutverordnung See K. O. Storck-VerlagStahltwiete 7, 22671 Hamburg

IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code K. O. Storck-Verlag, and Int. Maritime Organization, Publications Section, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization: Technical Instructions K. O. Storck-Verlagfor the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. DOC 9284-AN/905

Postal Code: Postordnung vom 16.5.1953 (Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I, S. 341) Bundesministerium für dasPost- und FernmeldewesenPostfach, 53010 Bonn

DruckbehV: Verordnung über Druckbehälter, Druckgasbehälter und Füllanlagen Carl Heymanns Verlag KGLuxemburgerstr. 449, 50939 Köln

TRG: Technische Regeln Druckgase Carl Heymanns Verlag KG

AcetV: Verordnung über Acetylenanlagen und Calciumcarbidlager Carl Heymanns Verlag KG

TRAC: Technische Regeln für Acetylenanlagen und Calciumcarbidanlagen Carl Heymanns Verlag KG

BGVR: Berufsgenossenschaftliches Vorschriften- und Regelwerk Carl Heymanns Verlag KG(Vorschriften, Regeln, Informationen, Grundsätze)

MAK-Werte-Liste Carl Heymanns Verlag KG

GefStoffV: Verordnung zum Schutz vor gefährlichen Stoffen Carl Heymanns Verlag KG

DIN standards Beuth Verlag GmbHBurggrafenstr. 6, 12623 Berlin

VDI guidelines Beuth Verlag GmbH

Notices “Gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe”: Kühn-Birett, loose-leaf collection ecomet-Verlagsgesellschaft mbHwith updating service Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 1

86899 Landsberg/Lech

Safety data sheets TRG Linde representative/Export Head Office

Safety instructions Linde representative/Export Head Office

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

Characteristics of flammable gases

Name of Chemical Explosion range in air Ignition temperature Heat of combustion gross valuegas symbol (20 °C, 1 bar) % °C kJ/kg

Acetylene C2H2 2.4 – 83.0 305 49 912Ammonia NH3 15.0 – 30.2 630 22 254Arsine AsH3 3.9 – 77.8 285

1,3-Butadiene C4H6 1.4 – 16.3 415 46 989Butane C4H10 1.5 – 8.5 365 49 5001-Butene C4H8 1.6 – 10.0 440 48 426

Carbon monoxide CO 12.5 – 74.0 620 10 103Chloromethane CH3Cl 7.6 – 19.0 625

Deuterium D2 6.6 – 79.6 560Diborane B2H6 Spontaneously flammableDichlorosilane SiH2Cl2 2.5 – 80.0 185Difluoromethane CH2F2 13.1 – 28.4 648Dimethylether C2H6O 3.0 – 18.6 235 31 7022,2-Dimethylpropane C5H12 1.3 – 7.5 450 48 740

Ethane C2H6 3.0 – 15.5 515 51 877Ethene C2H4 2.7 – 34.0 425 50 283Ethylene oxide C2H4O 2.6 – 100 440 29 707

Hydrogen H2 4.0 – 75.6 560 141 800Hydrogen sulfide H2S 4.3 – 45.5 270 16 500

Isobutane C4H10 1.8 – 8.5 460 49 356Isobutene C4H8 1.6 – 10.0 465 48 123

Methane CH4 4.5 – 15.0 595 55 498

Phosphine PH3 Spontaneously flammablePropane C3H8 2.1 – 9.5 470 50 345Propene C3H6 2.0 – 11.1 455 48 918

Silane SiH4 Spontaneously flammable

Vinyl chloride C2H3Cl 3.8 – 31.0 435 19 167

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Acetylene B – – Ammonia G B – – Argon Arsine G B Boron trichloride G K – – – – – Boron trifluoride G K – – – Ethylene bromide G B – – – Bromomethane G B – – Bromotrifluoromethane – – – Hydrogen bromide G K – – – – 1,3-Butadiene G B Butane B – 1-Butene B – cis-2-Butene B – – trans-2-Butene B – – Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide G B – – Chlorine G K – – – – – – Chlorodifluoroethane B Chlorodifluoromethane Chloroethane B – – Chloromethane G B – – – Chloropentafluoroethane Chlorotrifluoroethylene G B – – – – – Chlorotrifluoromethane Hydrogen chloride G K – – – Cyclopropane B Deuterium B Diborane G S – Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichlorofluoromethane G Dichlorsilane G B K 1,2-Dichlorotetra- fluoroethane1,1-Difluoroethane B Difluoromethane B Dimethylamine G B K – – Dimethylether B – –2,2-Dimethylpropane B – Nitrous oxide Ethane B Ethene B Ethylamine G B K – – Ethylene oxide G B – – – – – Fluorine G K – – – – – Fluoromethane B Helium Helium-3

Hexafluoroethane Hydrogen B Hydrogen sulfide G B K – – Isobutane B – Isobutene B – Krypton Methane B – Methylamine G B K – – Methylmercaptan G B – – Methylvinylether B Neon Nitrogen Nitrogen dioxide G K – – – Nitric oxide G – – Nitrogen trifluoride G – – –Octafluorocyclobutane Octafluoropropane Oxygen Phosgene G K Phosphine G S Propane B Propene B – Sulfur dioxide G K Sulfur hexafluoride Silane S Tetrafluoromethane Trifluoromethane Trimethylamine G B K – – Vinyl chloride G B – – Xenon

Name of Character- Recommended material forgas istics Containers and Seals and

fittings hoses

Legend:„“ Suitable„–“ Not suitable„“ Suitable with Cu content < 70 %„“ Depends on condition (moisture?);

or no ISO recommendation„ “ No known literature

Abbreviations for materials:But.-K. = Butyl rubberC.R. = Chlorobutadiene rubber

(e.g. Neoprene, Chloroprene)P.E. = PolyethyleneP.V.C. = Polyvinyl ChlorideChlor.P.E. = Chlorinated polyether (e.g. Penton)P.T.F.E. = Polytetrafluorethylene (e.g. Teflon)P.C.T.F.E. = Polytrifluorochloroethylene (e.g. Kel-F)P.V.D.F. = Polyvinylidenefluoride

Toxic

Flam

mab

leSp

ont.

flam

mab

leCo

rrosi

ve

Al Cu Ms

St SS Mon

el

But.-

K.C.

R.P.

E.P.

V.C.

Chlo

r.P.E

.P.

T.F.E

.P.

C.T.

F.E.

P.V.

D.F.

Name of Character- Recommended material forgas istics Containers and Seals and

fittings hoses

Toxic

Flam

mab

leSp

ont.

flam

mab

leCo

rrosi

ve

Al Cu Ms

St SS Mon

el

But.-

K.C.

R.P.

E.P.

V.C.

Chlo

r.P.E

.P.

T.F.E

.P.

C.T.

F.E.

P.V.

D.F.

Compatibility of gases with materials

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

-90 0.092 0.071

-88 0.134 0.103

-86 0.184 0.141

-84 0.263 0.202

-82 0.389 0.293

-80 0.526 0.404

-78 0.747 0.574

-76 1.01 0.776

-74 1.38 1.06

-72 1.88 1.44

-70 2.55 1.96

-68 3.44 2.64

-66 4.60 3.53

-64 6.10 4.68

-62 8.07 6.20

-60 10.6 8.15

-58 14.0 10.8

-56 18.3 14.1

-54 23.4 18.0

-52 31.1 23.9

-50 39.4 30.2

-48 49.7 38.2

-46 63.2 48.5

-44 80.0 61.5

-42 101.0 77.6

-40 127 97.5

-38 159 122

-36 198 152

Dew point Water Content(at 1.013 bar) (at 1.013 bar)

°C ppm mg/m3

Dew point/water content of gases

The water content of gases can be expressed both interms of concentrations as well as by the dew point of thegases.

The following table contains the respective values.

-34 246 189

-32 340 261

-30 376 289

-28 462 354

-26 566 435

-24 691 531

-22 841 646

-20 1020 783

-18 1230 945

-16 1498 1146

-14 1790 1375

-12 2140 1640

-10 2560 1965

- 8 3060 2350

- 6 3640 2800

- 4 4320 3320

- 2 5100 3920

0 6020 4620

2 6953 5590

4 8022 6450

6 9216 7410

8 10584 8510

10 12114 9740

12 13806 11100

14 15796 12700

16 17885 14400

18 20396 16400

20 23020 18500

Dew point Water Content(at 1.013 bar) (at 1.013 bar)

°C ppm mg/m3

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Acetylene C2H2 26.038 192.35 -80.8 1.282 96.46 189.12 -84.03 801.9 942.0 Subl. temp. Subl. temp.. Subl. heat Subl. heat

Ammonia NH3 17.03 195.41 -77.74 0.0607 331.6 239.75 -33.4 1371.2 1057.7

Argon Ar 39.948 83.78 -189.37 0.687 29.3 87.29 -185.86 160.81 286.82

Arsine AsH3 77.95 156.15 -117 0.03 15.38 210.67 -62.48 214.3

Boron trichloride BCl3 117.17 165.65 -107.5 < 0.001 17.9 285.65 12.5 203.48 N/A

Boron trifluoride BF3 67.805 144.45 -128.7 0.07 62.112 172.85 -100.3 278.8 839.3

Bromomethane CH3Br 94.939 179.49 -93.66 0.002 62.74 276.71 3.56 252.05 N/A

Bromotrifluoromethane R 13 B1 CBrF3 148.93 *105.37 *-167.78 - 215.35 -57.8 121.42 864.5

1.3-Butadiene C4H6 54.09 164.23 -108.92 0.00069 147.1 268.65 -4.5 417.8 1037.6

Butane C4H10 58.123 134.86 -138.29 4 . 10-6 80.22 272.65 -0.5 385.6 1064.3

1-Butene C4H8 56.107 *87.80 *-185.35 68.62 266.9 -6.25 390.6 1019.3

cis-2-Butene C4H8 56.107 134.15 -138.9 1.1 . 10-6 130.3 276.87 3.72 416.37 N/A

trans-2-Butene C4H8 56.107 167.65 -105.5 0.00054 174 274.03 0.88 405.7 N/A

Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 216.58 -56.57 5.185 196.65 194. 65 -78.5 573.02 1129Subl. temp. Subl. temp. Subl. heat Subl. heat

Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 68.14 -205.01 0.1535 29.89 81.62 -191.53 215.2 265.6

Chlorine Cl2 70.906 172.15 -101 0.014 90.44 239.05 -34.1 288.05 935

1-Chloro-1.1-difluoroethane R 142 b C2H3ClF2 100.495 *142.35 *-130.80 26.75 263.35 -9.8 222.95 1024

Chlorodifluoromethane R 22 CHClF2 86.48 *113.15 *-160.0 - 232.37 -40.78 234.32 901

Chloroethane R 160 C2H5Cl 64.514 *134.85 *-138.30 69.04 285.43 12.28 382.2 N/A

Chloromethane CH3Cl 50.488 175.44 -97.71 0.0087 127.45 249.39 -23.76 428.31 965.4

Chloropentafluoroethane R 115 C2ClF5 154.48 167.15 -106 0.01 - 235.15 -38 1314 906.1

Chlorotrifluoroethene R 1113 C2ClF3 116.47 *115.05 *-158.10 47.73 244.79 -28.36 178.36 985.7

Chlorotrifluoromethane R 13 CClF3 104.46 *92.15 *-181.0 - 191.65 -81.5 150.1 700

Cyclopropane C3H6 42.08 *145.53 *-127.62 129.4 240.35 -32.8 477.3 898.9

Deuterium D2 4.029 18.72 -254.43 0.171 48.8 23.57 -249.58 304.4 534.4

Diborane B2H6 27.67 108.15 -165 6.1 . 10-4 161.6 180.65 -92.5 516.8 650.7

Dichlorodifluoromethane R 12 CCl2F2 120.93 *115.37 *-157.78 34.33 243.37 -29.78 167.22 902.7

Dichlorofluoromethane R 21 CHCI2F 102.92 *138.20 *-134.95 - 282.05 8.9 242.42 N/A

Dichlorsilane SiH2Cl2 101.01 151.15 -122 < 0.0001 249.5 281.55 8.4 249.5 N/A

1.2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane R 114 C2Cl2F4 170.93 *179.15 *-94.0 - 276.75 3.6 136.9 N/A

1.1-Difluoroethane R 152a C2H4F2 66.05 *156.15 *-117.0 - 248.15 -25 326.6 962

Difluoromethane CH2F2 52.02 221.5 -51.65 360.76

Dimethylamine C2H7N 45.084 180.95 -92.2 0.001 131.88 280.55 7.4 587.83 N/A

Dimethylether C2H6O 46.069 *132.15 *-141.0 111.41 248.33 -24.82 467.2 960.8

2.2-Dimethylpropane C5H12 72.15 *256.58 *-16.57 45.78 282.65 9.5 315.56 N/A

Ethane C2H6 30.069 89.28 -183.27 11 . 10-6 95.04 184.47 -88.68 488.76 652.3

Ethylamine C2H7N 45.084 192.15 -81 0.0015 603 289.75 16.6 602.9 N/A

Ethylene C2H4 28.054 103.97 -169.43 0.0012 119.45 169.43 -103.72 482.86 608.9

Ethylene bromide C2H3Br 106.955 135.15 -138 < 0.001 215.2 288.95 15.8 242.8 N/A

Ethylene oxide C2H4O 44.053 *160.60 *-112.55 117.48 283.6 10.45 579.8 N/A

Gas Chemical Molar Tripel or melting point (*) (at 1.013 bar) Boiling point (at 1.013 bar)Symbol mass

Name of gas Temperature Vapor Latent Temperature Latent heat of pressure heat of vaporization

fusion

g/mol K °C bar kJ/kg K °C kJ/kg kJ/m3

under standardconditions

Physical properties of gases

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308.33 35.18 61.91 230.8 420 397 43.15 1.1 1.685 200.6 1.047(at 20 °C) (at 15.6 °C)

405.55 132.4 114.8 235 682 610 8.59 4.47 0.722 2.16 247.0 685.7(at 25 °C)

150.75 -122.4 48.98 538 1394 N/A N/A 1.05 1.669 0.519 161 0.034

373.05 99.9 66 - 1634 15 3.253 0.494 156.1 0.23

451.95 178.8 38.7 790 1346 1330 1.6 4.913 0.532 79.9 Hydrolized

260.95 -12.2 49.85 591 1589 N/A N/A 1.52 2.867 0.745 182.9 1.057 (at 0 °C)

467.15 194 52.3 577.1 1721 1662 1.9 4.069 0.446 79.5 3.75

340.15 67 39.85 744.8 1992 1570 14.2 0.871 6.3 0.469 80.4 0.0442

425.15 152 43.22 245 650 620 2.48 2.13 2.33 1.47 168.7 0.202

425.16 152.01 37.96 228 601.4 580 2.06 2.36 2.522 1.66 149 0.034

419.55 146.4 39.25 233 630 605 2.62 2.24 2.417 1.53 148 -

435.55 162.4 42.07 239 641 620 1.8 2.23 2.424 1.4 140 0.158

428.61 155.46 40.8 238 626 604 2.05 2.15 (at 0 °C) 2.426 1.57 140.7 -

304.21 31.06 73.825 466 1177.8 776.2 57.29 1.848 1.848 0.85 157 0.87(at Tr.-P.)

132.91 -140.24 34.99 301 788.6 N/A N/A 2.15 (at -197 °C) 1.17 1.04 241 0.0227

417.15 144 77 573 1563 1413 6.88 0.926 (at -30 °C) 3.007 0.473 84.5 2.26

410.25 137.1 41.19 435 1192.8 1193 3.08 1.235 4.29 0.848 118 0.415

369.15 96 49.36 525 1413 1211 9.22 1.01 3.67 0.657 104 0.775

460.35 187.2 52.66 331 877 894 1.33 2.758 0.971 126 0.199

416.25 143.1 66.8 353 1002.9 934 5 1.569 (at 0 °C) 2.137 0.808 105 317

353.15 80 31.6 613 1544 1310 7.93 1.315 6.598 0.687 111.8 0.0087

380.15 107 39.52 550 1464 1271 5.25 1.051 4.963 0.723 106.2 -

301.93 28.78 38.6 581 1526 929 31.8 1.03 (at -30 °C) 4.414 0.641 123 0.02

398.3 125.15 55.79 258.5 680.2 610 6.2 1.86 (at -53 °C) 1.785 1.33 139 0.999

38.35 -234.8 16.65 67.26 162.4 N/A N/A - 0.1667 5.187 1360.3 -

289.15 16 40.4 160 421 N/A N/A 2.8 1.226 2.04 106 -

385.15 112 41.15 557.4 1486 1330 5.67 0.988 (at 30 °C) 5.089 0.582 94.6 0.052

451.65 178.5 51.68 522 1397.5 1380 1.53 1.07 4.436 0.586 80.8 2.066

449.45 176.3 43.8 479 1261 1236 1.6 4.397 0.611 Hydrolized

418.85 145.7 32.63 578 1527 1472 1.83 1.0 (at 0 °C) 7.377 0.712 105 0.017

386.65 113.5 47.56 365 1011 913 5.17 2.808 1.03 139 0.706

351.55 78.4 58.3 430 1213 986 14.7 2.724 0.825 134.9

437.75 164.6 53.05 256 670.8 655 1.7 3.03 (at 2.4 °C) 1.944 1.532 159 118

400.1 126.95 52.69 271.4 734.7 661 5.31 2.24 1.964 1.428 154.1 35(at 25 °C)

433.78 160.63 31.96 238 603.2 591 1.49 2.365 3.194 1.687 156 -

305.42 32.27 48.84 205.6 546.5 350 37.76 2.43 1.265 1.768 200 0.049

456.55 183.4 56.29 248.3 687.4 676.9 1.17 2.87 1.915 1.612 201 -

282.65 9.5 50.76 218 567.92 N/A N/A 2.42 1.178 1.54 188 0.122

463.51 190.36 68.6 692 1527 1516 1.2 4.5 0.5169 83.4 -

468.93 195.78 71.91 314 887 880 1.4 1.955 1.899 1.1 121 1.89

Critical point Liquid phase Gaseous phase

Temperature Pressure Density Density Density Vapor Specific heat Density Specific Thermal Bunsen’sat boiling at 20 °C pressure at boiling point at 1 bar heat at conductivity coefficient

point at 20 °C and 15 °C 1.013 bar at 1 bar of solubilityat and 25 °C and 15 °C at 1.013 bar

1.013 bar and 20 °C

K °C bar g/l g/l g/l bar kJ/kg . K kg/m3 kJ/kg . K µW/cm . K l (gas)/kg (water)

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Fluorine F2 37.997 53.48 -219.67 0.00252 13.4 85.05 -188.1 172.12 292

Fluoromethane CH3F 34.033 *131.4 -141.75 194.74 -78.41 516 357.1

Helium He 4.0026 2.177 -270.97 0.051 3.49 4.22 -268.93 20.3 3.62

Helium-3 3He 3.016 2*10-3 -273.15 < 0.0001 - 3.19 -269.96 8.45 1.13

Hexafluoroethane R 116 C2F6 138.012 173.13 -100.02 0.265 117.2 194.95 -78.2 116.7 729

Hydrogen H2 2.016 13.95 -259.2 0.072 58.24 20.38 -252.77 454.3 40.83

Hydrogen bromide HBr 80.912 186.29 -86.86 0.299 35.4 206.43 -66.72 217.7 785.9

Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.461 158.91 -114.24 0.138 54.64 188.12 -85.03 442.94 727.4

Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.08 187.45 -85.7 0.227 69.79 212.95 -60.2 548.47 829.7

Isobutane C4H10 58.123 113.73 -159.42 5 . 10-5 78.17 261.45 -11.7 366.8 972.9

Isobutene C4H8 56.107 *132.80 *-140.35 105.59 266.03 -7.12 400.67 1021.9

Krypton Kr 83.8 115.95 -157.2 0.731 19.51 119.8 -153.35 107.81 398.9

Methane CH4 16.043 90.68 -182.47 0.117 58.3 111.63 -161.52 510 366

Methylamine CH5N 31.057 *179.69 *-93.46 197.62 266.82 -6.33 831.5 1166.2

Methylmercaptan CH4S 48.1 *150.15 *-123.00 122.8 279.11 5.96 511.04 N/A

Methylvinylether C3H6O 58.081 *151.15 *-122.00 117.5 279.15 6 422 N/A

Neon Ne 20.179 24.55 -248.6 0.433 16.7 27.1 -246.05 88.7 77.35

Nitric oxide NO 30.006 109.55 -163.6 0.219 76.62 121.4 -151.75 461.3 608.4

Nitrogen N2 28.013 63.15 -210 0.1253 25.75 77.35 -195.8 198.7 248.48

Nitrogen dioxide/Dinitrogen tetroxide NO2/N2O4 46.0/92.01 261.95 -11.2 0.186 159.52 294.25 21.1 414 N/A

Nitrogen trifluoride NF3 71.002 66.36 -206.79 144.15 -129 163.1 N/A

Nitrous oxide N2O 44.013 182.34 -90.81 0.878 148.63 184.68 -88.47 376.14 732.9

Octafluorocyclobutane R C318 C4F8 200.031 233 -40.15 0.191 266.73 -6.42 116

Octafluoropropane R 218 C3F8 188.02 124.85 148.3 236.45 -36.7 104

Oxygen O2 31.999 54.35 -218.8 0.00152 13.91 90.18 -182.97 212.98 304.32

Phosgene COCl2 98.916 145.37 -127.78 < 0.001 58.046 280.7 7.55 246.8 N/A

Phosphine PH3 33.998 139.25 -133.9 0.0036 33.3 185.38 -87.77 429.4 657

Propane C3H8 44.096 85.47 -187.68 3 . 10-9 95.04 231.11 -42.04 426 854.1

Propene C3H6 42.081 87.8 -185.35 4 . 10-9 71.38 225.43 -47.72 437.94 731

Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.063 197.63 -75.52 0.0167 115.56 263.14 -10.01 389.37 1119.4

Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 146.05 222.35 -50.8 2.24 34.4 209.35 -63.80 162.2 1053.6Subl. temp. Subl. temp. Subl. heat Subl. heat

Silane SiH4 32.118 86.75 -186.4 < 0.001 24.62 161.75 -111.4 361.2 520

Tetrafluoromethane R 14 CF4 88.01 *89.26 *-183.39 79.5 145.21 -127.94 135.7 526.1

Trifluoromethane R 23 CHF3 70.01 *118.15 *-155.00 58.2 190.97 -82.18 238.5 803.6

Trimethylamine C3H9N 59.111 *156.05 *-117.10 110.95 276.02 2.87 388.1 N/A

Vinyl chloride C2H3CI 62.499 *119.45 *-153.70 75.9 259.45 -13.7 332.8 924.6

Xenon Xe 131.3 161.35 -111.8 0.816 17.488 165.05 -108.1 96.29 564.64

Gas Chemical Molar Tripel or melting point (*) (at 1.013 bar) Boiling point (at 1.013 bar)Symbol mass

Name of gas Temperature Vapor Latent Temperature Latent heat of pressure heat of vaporization

fusion

g/mol K °C bar kJ/kg K °C kJ/kg kJ/m3

under standardconditions

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131

Information, Tables and Diagrams

144.15 -129 55.7 0.5738 1505 N/A N/A - 1.587 0.825 26.8 Forms HF

317.7 44.55 58.8 0.3 808 33 1.747 1.445 1.745

5.21 -267.94 2.29 69.4 125 N/A N/A 4.48 0.167 5.196 1482 0.0083

3.33 -269.82 1.17 41.3 59 N/A N/A 2.64 (at -271.15 °C) 0.128 - -

292.85 19.7 33 601 1608 N/A N/A 0.951 5.829 0.771 161.3 -

33.24 -239.91 12.98 30.1 70.8 N/A N/A 9.38 0.0841 14.27 1769 0.0178

363.05 89.9 85.52 807 2203 1790 21 4.2 (at 35 °C) 3.409 0.36 94.2 532.1 (at 25 °C)

324.69 51.54 83.4 420 1191 836 42.6 1.536 0.82 169 (at 25 °C) 448

373.2 100.05 89.37 346 914.9 800 17.9 1.98 1.434 1.001 139 2.582

408.13 134.98 37.2 221 593.4 557.1 3.04 2.41 (at 20 °C) 2.514 1.671 152 0.0325

417.85 144.7 40.01 234 626.2 598.63 2.68 2.3 (at 15.6 °C) 2.418 1.591 153 -

209.4 -63.75 55.02 919 2413 N/A N/A 0.535 3.507 0.247 96 0.59

190.53 -82.62 46.04 162 422.62 N/A N/A 3.43 0.671 2.22 321 0.035

430.05 156.9 74.6 216 694 662.4 3 3.28 1.329 1.612 183 757

469.95 196.8 72.33 332 886 866 1.67 7.696 (at -21°C) 2.046 1.05 130 11.25

436.75 163.6 46.66 768.4 776 1.74 2.439 1.326 147 3.86(at 0 °C)

44.4 -228.75 27.2 484 1206 N/A N/A 1.841 (at -246.4 °C) 0.842 1.03 476 0.01

180.15 -93 64.85 520 1300 N/A N/A - 1.25 0.996 248 0.047

126.2 -146.95 33.999 314.03 808.5 N/A N/A 2.06 1.17 1.041 250 0.0156

431 157.85 101.32 550 1439 1443 0.96 - - 1.327 132 Hydrolized

233.89 -39.26 45.31 522 1540 N/A N/A 2.96

309.56 36.41 72.45 452 1222.8 788.2 50.8 - 1.853 0.879 156 0.665

388.47 115.32 27.77 616 1637 1541 2.70 8.87 0.816 67

345.05 71.9 26.8 628 1601 1345 7.7 7.99 0.5999 138.3

154.58 -118.57 50.43 436.1 1141 N/A N/A 1.69 1.337 0.919 253.6 0.31

455.16 182.01 56.74 520 1410 1285 1.52 1.017 4.184 0.582 91 Decomp. intoHCl/CO2

325.05 51.9 65.3 301 740 567 34.6 0.998 1.432 1.091 163 -

369.82 96.67 42.5 217 582 500.5 8.53 2.52 1.871 1.662 167 (at 25 °C) 0.039

364.75 91.6 46.1 232.5 613.9 510 10.43 2.176 1.785 1.549 156 0.23

430.8 157.65 78.84 525 1458 1380 3.26 1.331 (at 0 °C) 2.725 0.624 91 39.4

318.69 45.54 37.59 734 1910 1439 21 0.759 6.176 0.666 131.5 0.0056(at -50.8 °C) (at 15 °C) (at -48 °C)

269.65 -3.5 48.4 309 556 N/A N/A 1.35 1.33 178 -

227.7 -45.45 37.43 633 1603 N/A N/A 1.23 (at -80 °C) 3.692 0.71 162 0.0038

299.15 26 48.37 516 1439 816 41.6 6.5 (at 25 °C) 2.949 0.737 130.2 3.19

433.3 160.15 40.8 233 653.4 633 1.86 2.21 (at -2.7 °C) 2.552 1.553 154 180

429.65 156.5 55.9 370 970.7 920.2 3.37 1.255 2.659 0.858 75 1.07(at 15 °C)

289.73 16.58 58.4 1110 2945 N/A N/A 3.37 5.517 0.159 55.7 0.108

Critical point Liquid phase Gaseous phase

Temperature Pressure Density Density Density Vapor Specific heat Density Specific Thermal Bunsen’sat boiling at 20 °C pressure at boiling point at 1 bar heat at conductivity coefficient

point at 20 °C and 15 °C 1.013 bar at 1 bar of solubilityat and 25 °C and 15 °C at 1.013 bar

1.013 bar and 20 °C

K °C bar g/l g/l g/l bar kJ/kg . K kg/m3 kJ/kg . K µW/cm . K l (gas)/kg (water)

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132

Vapor pressure curvesof various inorganic gases

0 1000.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

50

Vap

or p

ress

ure

[ ba

r ]

Vapor

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Helium

Deuterium

Neon

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrogen

Argon

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Information, Tables and Diagrams

200 300 400 4500.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

150 250 350Temperature [ K ]

r pressure curves of various inorganic gases

Hydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Krypton

Nitric OxideBoron Trifluoride

Carbon Dioxide

Diborane

SF6

SilaneSulfur Dioxide

Hydrogen Chlorine Hydrogen Bromide

Chlorine

Arsine

Dichlorsilane

Phosgene

Xenon Stickstoffdioxid

n

Boron Trichloride

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134

Vapor pressure curvesof various hydrocarbons

100 1500.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

200

Vap

or p

ress

ure

[ ba

r ]

Vapo

Methane

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135

Information, Tables and Diagrams

250 300 400 4500.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

350Temperature [ K ]

or pressure curves of various hydrocarbons

Methylvinylether

trans-Butene

Butane

Isobutane

Isobutene

l-Butene

cis-Butene

1,3-Butadiene

Dimethylpropane

Propene

Propane

Cyclopropane

Dimethylether

Ethane

AcetyleneEthene

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136

Vapor pressure curvesof various hydrocarbon derivatives

100 1500.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

200

Vap

or p

ress

ure

[ ba

r ]

Vapor pre

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137

Information, Tables and Diagrams

250 300 400 4500.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10

20

40

60

80

1

2

4

6

8

100

350Temperature [ K ]

essure curves of various hydrocarbon derivatives

RC 318

Dimethylamine

Methylmercaptan

R 23

Ethylamine

Ethylene Oxide

Ethylene Bromide

Trimethylamine

R 160R 114

Methylamine

R 21

R 142 B

R 40R 12R 152

R 22R 13 B1

R 218

R 13R 14

R 116

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138

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Order Processing Information

and Terms and Conditions

of Supply

139

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140

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Order processing information and terms andconditions of supply

Purchase orders, as well as any and all inquiries relatingthereto, should be directed to the local Linde representative orto the following address:

Linde Gas AGExport DepartmentCarl-von-Linde-Str. 25D-85716 UnterschleissheimTel. INT-89-31001-336FAX INT-8931001-275www.Linde-Gas.com

In order to avoid time-consuming queries, all purchaseorders should always contain the following data in addition tothe customary information:

• Quantity, size and contents of the containers; as well as

• In the case of pure gases:Precise name, indication of the purity level in the form ofthe numeric key or as a percentage.

• In the case of gas mixtures and calibration gas mixtures:Indication of the type of mixture (e.g. “Industrial gas mix-ture” or “Class ... calibration gas mixture”), the name andconcentration of all desired components, as well as indi-cation of the balance gas, if necessary. Abbreviationsshould be used only if there is no possibility of confusion,e.g. “Carbogen”, but not “Laser gas”, as various combi-nations are possible in this case. In the case of liquefiedgas mixtures, the desired type of valve must also be indi-cated.

• Gases in small containers:The order number must additionally be indicated in thiscase.

• Gas handling equipment:Indication of the order number, if stipulated. All details shown in the corresponding narrative must be stated. Inthe case of gas fittings always indicate the type of gas withwhich they are to be employed.

Empties should be returned freight and customs duty pre-paid to the following address, unless specified otherwise:

Urban-Transport GmbHCarl-von-Linde-Straße 25D-85716 UnterschleissheimGermany

with the following remark:“Consignee: Linde Gas AG,Export Department”.

All deliveries are subject to our General Terms and Condi-tions of Supply. Gases for export are preferably supplied incylinders to be sold to the customers or in containers provi-ded by the customer. If customer-owned containers are provi-ded, their suitability for filling will be examined on the basis ofapplicable rules and regulations as well as with regard tomaterial compatibility, which might result in longer deliverytimes. This procedure must also be followed in order to main-tain the stability of sensitive gas mixtures.

All specifications, engineering data and information con-tained in this catalog are made to the best of our knowledgeand belief and are the same as those employed by Linde inthe performance of its own work. However, no further warran-ty is either implied or expressed therefrom, nor the right to useany patents or industrial property rights which may exist.

141

Order processing information and terms and conditions of supply

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1. Transportation and handling of gases, containers and pallets

Gases, including containers and pallets, shall be shipped ex loading dock of theLinde service point, at Customer's expense and risk. If picked up by Customer,or by shippers commissioned by Customer, Customer shall be solely responsiblefor the safe loading, off-loading and transportation thereof. Should Linde provideassistance in conjunction therewith, said assistance shall be deemed to havebeen provided in Customer's name and at Customer's risk. Customer shall saveLinde free and harmless of any and all claims which may be brought againstLinde as a result of damage or injury resulting from unsafe loading.

Customer shall observe the pertinent regulations governing the handling of in-dustrial gases, in particular job safety and accident prevention regulations, aswell as generally accepted rules of good engineering practice. Appropriate infor-mative literature is available at Linde service points.

2. Rented containers and pallets

Linde shall charge Customer rent, at the currently applicable rates, for Lindecontainers and/or pallets which Linde may provide to Customer. Customer's sig-nature on the delivery voucher shall also be deemed to constitute the executionof the rental agreement for said containers and/or pallets. An additional long-term rental charge shall be made for Linde containers which remain in Custo-mer's possession for periods in excess of three months. The currently applicablerental rates are to be found in notices displayed at the Linde service points.

Customer shall be liable for loss of or damage to the Linde containers and/orpallets which are provided to Customer. Said containers and/or pallets may notbe passed on to third parties.

After being emptied, Customer shall immediately return the rented containersand/or pallets to the Linde service point, at Customer's expense and risk; saidreturn shall be effected during the normal working hours of the service point.Return shall be deemed to have been effected only if a written receipt is issuedtherefor by the Linde service point.

The inventory of Linde containers and/or pallets in Customer's possession that isindicated in the rental invoice and/or the statement of account for containersshall be verified by Customer for correctness. Should no objection be made toLinde within one month of receipt of the invoice or statement of account, theindicated inventory shall be deemed to have been acknowledged by Customer.Said invoice or statement of account shall serve as a confirmation of balance.

Customer shall not be entitled to withhold said containers and/or pallets.

3. Security deposit

Linde shall be entitled to require a non-interest-bearing security deposit for Lin-de containers and/or pallets which have been provided to Customer, with theamount of said security deposit representing the respective replacement valuethereof, should,

a) Customer be in default of at least two months' rental payments;b) Customer fail to fulfil its obligations of return following termination of the rental

agreements by Linde;c) Customer otherwise be in culpable breach of its contractual obligations.

In cases of doubt, the following replacement values plus value added tax shallapply:

Per Linde cylinder for industrial gases: DM 405.00 Per Linde cylinder for propane: DM 130.00 Per Linde pallet: DM 850.00

Said security deposit shall be refunded upon return of the containers and/or pallets to the service point, less any expenses which may be incurred by Lindefor replacement, repair of damage or contamination.

4. Indemnification

In the event of loss of or damage to Linde containers and/or pallets, Linde shallbe entitled to demand indemnification in the amount of the respective replace-ment value as per Clause 3 hereof.

5. Customer-owned containers

Customer-owned containers which are received at the service point shall be filled as per Customer's order. Customer's order shall also be deemed to includeany required official inspections or any repairs which may be required pursuantto applicable regulations prior to filling by the filling plants. *)

The filling order comes into being with signing of the delivery note for the emp-ties. Linde shall be entitled to charge for its services after carrying out the fillingorder.

6. Terms of payment

All invoices shall be due and payable net upon receipt. The date upon whichpayment is received by Linde shall govern the timeliness of said payment.Should Customer be in arrears with payment, Linde shall be entitled to ceasesupply and to charge penalty interest on payments which are in default. Custo-mer shall be entitled to offset claims against Linde only in such instances inwhich said claims are either uncontested or final.

7. Retention of title

The supplied goods shall remain the property of Linde until such time as any andall obligations of Customer have been satisfied in full. However, Customer shallbe entitled to dispose of said goods within the scope of its usual and customarybusiness operations.

8. Delay in supply

Should supply be delayed or prove to be impossible, Customer shall be entitledto rescind the agreement after having stipulated a reasonable period of grace toLinde and after said period of grace shall have expired without supply havingbeen effected. Indemnification for damages resulting from said delay in supplyshall be made only in instances of malicious intent or gross negligence.

9. Warranty

Should a consignment be faulty or damaged, Customer shall make written notifi-cation thereof to the Linde service point without delay. Faulty or damaged con-tainers and/or pallets shall not be used; said faulty or damaged containersand/or pallets shall be conspicuously marked and returned immediately.

If a gas consignment is faulty or deviates from the type or quantity ordered,Customer shall be entitled, at its discretion, to demand free replacement corre-sponding to the scope of the consignment not executed contractually, a reduc-tion in the purchase price or cancellation of the contract.

10. Liability

Any claims for compensation by Customer for non-contractual supply and ser-vice or breach of Linde's obligation to exercise due care are, regardless of thelegal basis, restricted to the value of the consignment.

This restriction does not apply to damages caused by intent, gross negligence orlack of warranted qualities or for damages for which Linde is liable in terms ofproduct liability law.

11. Force majeure

Any and all acts of force majeure or other acts beyond the control of the affectedpart, such as interruptions of operations, traffic, transportation or power, as wellas strikes and lockouts, shall relieve Linde of its contractual obligations for theduration and extent of the effects thereof. This shall also apply in instances inwhich said circumstances shall relate to subcontractors.

12. Determination of quantities

Quantities stated in “m3” shall be deemed to refer to a gas at a temperature of15 °C and a pressure of 1 bar. No remuneration shall be made for any residuesin containers which are accepted for return.

13. Supply through third parties

Linde shall be entitled to have its obligations of supply satisfied by another ent-erprise.

14. Court of venue

The court of venue shall be either Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, or Cus-tomer's registered place of business, at Linde's discretion, insofar as Customeris a registered business, a public legal entity or a semi-governmental agency.

15. Amendments to the agreement

Any and all amendments to the agreed terms and conditions shall be made inwriting.

16. Invalidity

Should a provision of this contract be or become invalid, this shall not affect thevalidity of the remaining provisions.

*) This provision shall apply only with respect to registered businesses, if the agree-ment is part of their commercial operations, and with respect to public legal en-tities or semi-governmental agencies.

November 1996 edition

General Terms and Conditions of Supply for Gases and Provision of Containersand Pallets

142

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Process gases

Argon, gaseous and liquidOxygen, gaseous and liquidNitrogen, gaseous and liquidHelium, gaseous and liquidCompressed air/Synthetic airCarbon dioxide (Carbonic acid)BIOGON®

Shielding gasesSynthesis gasCarbon monoxideHydrogen, gaseous and liquid

Gases for metalworking

Fuel gasesAcetyleneEthyleneLNG/CNGMethanePropaneHydrogen

Shielding gases for weldingCORGON®

CRONIGON®

VARIGON®

CRONIWIG®

T.I.M.E. gasLASPUR® laser gasesArgonHeliumCarbon dioxideForming gases

Gases for medical applications

OxygenNitrous oxide (Laughing gas)Carbon dioxideXenonCarbogenHeliumSterilizing gasesCalibration gas mixtures

Specialty gases (see page 11)

High-purity gasesRare gases (Neon/Krypton/Xenon)Alternative refrigerantsCalibration gas mixtures/Instrumentation gasesGases in small containers

Ultra-high purity gases for high technology applications

Argon LI-PUR®

Oxygen LI-PUR®

Nitrogen LI-PUR®

Helium LI-PUR®

Hydrogen LI-PUR®

Electronic gases

Processes, plants,equipment and services for gas applications

143

Extract from the Linde Product Line

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Spec

ialty

Gase

s

Competence Where YouNeed It – With Linde Gases

Linde Gas AGHeadquartersSeitnerstraße 70D-82049 Höllriegelskreuthphone +49 89 7446-0 fax +49 89 7446-1230www.linde-gas.com

9012

/312

00 -

1.3

au

Prin

ted

on c

hlor

ine-

free

blee

ched

pap

er

Linde industrial gases are used for welding,freezing or driving purposes, and where heating, industrial cleaning, artificial respirationor testing is required. They improve the qualityof life, helping you to produce more econom-ically and thus safeguarding your future.

We offer advice, know-how, customer-specifichardware, and carry out tests for our customersand do all the gas-related handling.

It goes without saying that we customize aneconomic supply system according to custo-mer specifications: Gas cylinders and cylinderbundles, tank supply of cryogenic liquidgases, the ECOVAR® supply system and pipeline supply.

Industrial cleaning

Metal workingFood processing

Power engineering

Application and supplyequipment

Service on the spot

Competent, thoroughadvice

Metallurgy and chemistry

Microelectronics

Environmental technology

Pipeline

ECOVAR®

Air separation plant

Cylinders

Tanks

Medicine

Glass

Know-how

Supply

Advice

Production

Service

Application

Your sales and distribution centre: