SPECIAL SENSES: VISIONSPECIAL SENSES: VISION

MARTINI, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & MARTINI, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 8PHYSIOLOGY, 8THTH EDITION, CHAPTER # 17 EDITION, CHAPTER # 17

ExerciseExercise # # 2121

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NOTE:NOTE:

THIS IS A THIS IS A STUDY GUIDESTUDY GUIDE, , NOTNOT AN AN ALLALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

THERE THERE MIGHT BEMIGHT BE THINGS THINGS NOT COVEREDNOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT GUIDE THAT MIGHT BEMIGHT BE ASKEDASKED IN YOUR IN YOUR PRACTICUMSPRACTICUMS / /

QUIZZESQUIZZES..

STUDENTSSTUDENTS ARE ARE RESPONSIBLERESPONSIBLE FOR FOR READINGREADING THEIR THEIR TEXBOOKTEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE DURING THE LABORATORY PERIODLABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE , AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUSSYLLABUS

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Identifying the structures of the eye and Identifying the structures of the eye and describe their functions.describe their functions.

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VISIONVISION

Accessory structures of the eyeAccessory structures of the eyeEyeballEyeball

Aqueous humorAqueous humorScleral venous sinus Scleral venous sinus

Vitreous humor or bodyVitreous humor or body

ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYES: ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYES: MUSCLESMUSCLES

MUSCLEMUSCLE ACTIONACTION

SUPERIOR RECTUSSUPERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS UPEYE LOOKS UP

INFERIOR RECTUSINFERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS DOWNEYE LOOKS DOWN

LATERAL RECTUSLATERAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES LATERALLYEYE ROTATES LATERALLY

MEDIAL RECTUSMEDIAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES MEDIALLYEYE ROTATES MEDIALLY

SUPERIOR OBLIQUESUPERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS DOWN EYE ROLLS, LOOKS DOWN & TO THE SIDE& TO THE SIDE

INFERIOR OBLIQUEINFERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS UP & EYE ROLLS, LOOKS UP & TO THE SIDETO THE SIDE

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ACCESSORY STRUCTURES: GLANDSACCESSORY STRUCTURES: GLANDS

Lacrimal glandLacrimal gland- - tear productiontear production

Lacrimal sacLacrimal sac- - collect tears & send them to the nasolacrimal ductcollect tears & send them to the nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal ductNasolacrimal duct- - to drain excess of tears to the nasal cavity to drain excess of tears to the nasal cavity

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EYEBALL: COATSEYEBALL: COATS

CorneaCornea (clear outer part)- it allows the light to come in (clear outer part)- it allows the light to come in ScleraSclera (white part)- it protects & gives the (white part)- it protects & gives the shapeshape to the eyes to the eyes ChoroidsChoroids - to - to nourish nourish &to &to absorbabsorb excess of light excess of light Ciliary bodyCiliary body- - to contain the ciliary muscle and ciliary processto contain the ciliary muscle and ciliary process Suspensory ligamentSuspensory ligament- - it holds the it holds the lenslens in place in place Iris Iris (part with color)- to control the (part with color)- to control the sizesize of pupil of pupil PupilPupil (hole)- it lets the (hole)- it lets the lightlight to go to go insideinside

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RetinaRetina- it contains - it contains photoreceptorsphotoreceptors Ganglion cells Ganglion cells (their axons form the optic (their axons form the optic nerve)-they carry visual infonerve)-they carry visual info Bipolar cellsBipolar cells-to connect the ganglion cells -to connect the ganglion cells to the photoreceptorsto the photoreceptors PhotoreceptorsPhotoreceptors- to capture the light- to capture the light RodsRods- night, white & black vision- night, white & black vision ConesCones- bright & color vision- bright & color vision Optic discOptic disc (blind spot)- area (blind spot)- area withoutwithout photoreceptors where the photoreceptors where the optic nerveoptic nerve goes out goes out Macula luteaMacula lutea- - it contains it contains high high concentration of concentration of conescones (yellow spot) (yellow spot) Fovea centralisFovea centralis (inside the macula lutea)-(inside the macula lutea)- To give To give sharpessharpest visiont vision

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LensLens- to - to focusfocus the the lightlight CavitiesCavities Anterior cavityAnterior cavity- - it contains the it contains the aqueous humoraqueous humor Anterior chamberAnterior chamber (space between the cornea (space between the cornea & Iris)- it contains & Iris)- it contains aqueous humoraqueous humor Posterior chamberPosterior chamber (between iris & lens)- it also contains (between iris & lens)- it also contains

aqueous humoraqueous humor Posterior cavityPosterior cavity (area behind the lens)- (area behind the lens)- it contains vitreous humorit contains vitreous humor

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AQUEOUS HUMOR, SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS AQUEOUS HUMOR, SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS & VITREOUS HUMOR& VITREOUS HUMOR

Aqueous humorAqueous humor- - to to nourish nourish the lens & the corneathe lens & the cornea Because they do not have blood vesselsBecause they do not have blood vessels

Sclera venous sinusSclera venous sinus (canal of schelmm)- to (canal of schelmm)- to draindrain the aqueous humor.the aqueous humor. Important- if Important- if obstructionobstruction = = glaucomaglaucoma = = blindnessblindness

Vitreous humorVitreous humor- - it it maintains maintains the shape of the the shape of the lens & lens & preventsprevents collapse collapse

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REMEMBER!REMEMBER!

GO TO THE TUTORING ROMMGO TO THE TUTORING ROMMAND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.

ROMM 3326.ROMM 3326.