SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE PREPARED

BY: ARCHT. DAVID A. BAUTISTA, UAP, PIA

The Urban Divide: Houses of Bahay na Bato and houses made of nipa both existed The houses made of nipa were flammable, so Manila was zoned

Zonas de mamposteria (stone edifices) Zonas de nipa y cana (nipa and bamboo) Divisoria (dividing link)

Building Types:

1. Bahay na Bato

Main spaces of the Bahay na Bato Puerta : main door Zaguan : garage for the caruaje Bodega : store room Entresuelo : mezzanine on ground floor Meseta or descanso : stairway landing Caida : ante-sala at top of stairway Sala: living room Comedor : dining room Cocina : kitchen Galeria : volada / wooden gallery Dispensa : pantry Latrina : toilet Bano : bath (separate from toilet) Azotea : outdoor terrace beside a balon (well) or an aljibe (w Aljibe : water cistern Cuarto, alcoba, dormitorio : bedroom Balcon : balcony Patio : courtyard Escalera : staircase Ventanilla : small window below main window Barandillas : carved ballusters in stair railing Pasa mano : window sill Calado : carved open screen above interior walls Media agua : secondary roof/eave above windows Espejo : transom above windows Haligi : wooden pillars Bandejado : wood panel wood sidings adorned with oval or rectangular tray-like

forms

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Stylish categorization of Bahay na Bato:a. Geometric Style

Narrow roof eaves Galeria volada to shield out sunlight Dual sets of sliding shutters

Concha (shell) : outer shutter Persiana (window shade / louver) : inner shutter

Plastered brick wall separating volada from adjacent room Minimal décor, minimum number of pillars False ceilings and wood wall

Variations: in Vigan, 2nd floor walls are plastered bricks (lime mortar) encased in wooden frames because of earthquakes

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b. Floral Style Thinner posts with bracing and prohibition of curved lines Volada : open gallery G.I. sheets and wider roof eaves Broadened calados Abundant floral motifs

2. Church and Conventos3

simple, patterned after early Christian types; either rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and aisles

thick walls reinforced with heavy buttresses for earthquakes protection immense sizes because of colonial policy which dictated that a church should be

built for every 5000 baptized materials used include: volcanic tuff (adobe), hardened lava, volcanic ejecta,

sandstone, river boulders, clay, corals, limestone, oyster shells, eggs

SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES

a. PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte

b. STA. MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur

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built in 1694 by Antonio Estavillo, completed 1702-1710

façade: rectangular, with arched doorway, four continuous pilasters alternating with niches

finials and crenellations at pediment niche at the apex

huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the contour to disguise the large buttresses

Buttresses with volutes

constructed late 18th century, 85 steps leading to the church was built by Augustinian Benigno Fernandez

c. SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, Manila

d. SAN AUGUSTIN CHURCH, Manila

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Bell tower and Buttresses

constructed late 18th century, 85 steps leading to the church was built by Augustinian Benigno Fernandez

oldest church in the Philippines; built 1587-1607 by Juan Macias according to the plans approved by the Royal Audencia de Mexico and by a Royal Cedula

1854 : Don Luciano Oliver (Municipal Architect of Manila) directed the renovation of the façade by adding to the height of the towers; these towers were damaged in the 1863 earthquake and were never rebuilt

plaza adorned with Fu dogs represents colonial urban planning High Renaissance : superpositioned Tuscan orders at first level, Corinthian

a church built for all times after previous churches were damaged by earthquakes in 1863 and 1880

designed in the Gothic style (without flying buttresses) by Genaro Palacios in Revivalist architecture

made entirely of steel; plans were sent to Belgium where the parts were made in sections then transported to Manila

interiors were painted to resemble faux marble; adorned with sculpture by Eusebio Garcia and painting by Lorenzo Rocha

e. MIAGAO CHURCH, ILOILO

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oldest church in the Philippines; built 1587-1607 by Juan Macias according to the plans approved by the Royal Audencia de Mexico and by a Royal Cedula

1854 : Don Luciano Oliver (Municipal Architect of Manila) directed the renovation of the façade by adding to the height of the towers; these towers were damaged in the 1863 earthquake and were never rebuilt

plaza adorned with Fu dogs represents colonial urban planning High Renaissance : superpositioned Tuscan orders at first level, Corinthian

present church was built 1786-1797 under the supervision of fray Francisco Gonzales Maximo; a storey was added to the left belfry in 1830

also served as fortress

f. BARASOAIN CHURCH, Bulacan

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present church was built 1786-1797 under the supervision of fray Francisco Gonzales Maximo; a storey was added to the left belfry in 1830

also served as fortress

1871-1878 : stone church was constructed to replace wooden structure; 1880 – earthquake ruined the church

1885 : Augustinian Juan Giron commissioned a builder named Magpayo to rebuild the church

variation on the circle motif

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1871-1878 : stone church was constructed to replace wooden structure; 1880 – earthquake ruined the church

1885 : Augustinian Juan Giron commissioned a builder named Magpayo to rebuild the church

variation on the circle motif