sp3 grammar book

12
Grammar Book

Upload: hbolhjjhujhhgg

Post on 26-Jul-2015

94 views

Category:

Education


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Grammar Book

Table of ContentsO ImperfectO PreteritO Por y ParaO Stressed Possessive Adjectives and PronounsO Ud. + Uds. CommandsO Present SubjunctiveO Subjunctive with Verbs of Will and InfluenceO Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion/Doubt,

Disbelief, and DenialO ConjunctionsO Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses

Table of Contents Part 2

O Tu CommandsO Nosotros CommandsO Past Participles Used as AdjectivesO Present PerfectO Past PerfectO Future TenseO Conditional TenseO Past Subjunctive

Imperfect

Iba Ībamos Ibas

Iba Iban

Era Ēramos Eras

Era EranVeīa Veīamo

s

Veīas

Veīa Veīan

Trigger Words – Todos los días, a menudo, a veces, siempre, cada día, los lunes, generalmente, mientras, de vez en cuando, muchas veces, frecuentemente

AR - -aba, -abas, -aba, -ābamos, -abanER/IR - -īa, -īas, -īa, -īamos, -īan

Preterit

Ar Endings

-ē -amos

-aste -aron

-ō -aron

Er/ir Endings

-Ī -imos

-iste -ieron

-iō -ieronIr/Ser Conjugations

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste

Fue Fueron

Hacer

Hice Hicimos

Hiciste

Hizo Hicieron

Dar/Ver Conjugation

Di/Vi Dimos/Vimos

Diste/Viste

Dio/Vio Dieron/Vieron

Car •Only in Yo form•-quĕ

Gar •-guĕ

Zar •-cĕ

Andar Estar Poder Poner Querer Saber Tener Venir

Anduv- Estuv- Pud- Pus- Quis- Sup- Tuv- Vin-

Conducir

Producir

Traducir

Conduj- Produj- Traduj-

Decir Traer

Dij- Traj-

-e -imos -iste

-ieron -oLeī Leimos

LeisteY

Changer Leer

Leyō Leyeron

Por y ParaPor Para

Motion or a general location

Destination

Duration of an action

Deadline or a specific time in the future

Object of a search

Purpose or goal

Means by which something is done

Purpose

Exchange or substitution

The recipient of something

Unit of measure Comparisons or opinions

Employment

Both mean forPor – Through Para – TowardsPara usually before infinitive

Por aqui

Por ejempl

o

Por eso Por fin

Stressed Possessive Adjectives and PronounsMio Nuestro Tuyo

Long Form Singular Suyo Suyo

Mios Nuestros Tuyos

Long Form Plural Suyos Suyos

Um amigo mio.

• A friend of mine.

Comemos con unos amigos nuestros

• We are eating with some friends of ours.

Use the long form

of the possessive adjective

Add el, la, los, or las

according to the gender and number

of the noun it replaces

Sus viajes son a diferentes lugares• His trips are to different places

Y los tuyos, adonde son?• And yours, where are they to?

Mi (s)Nuestr (a/os/as

)

Tu (s) Short Form

Su (s) Su(s)

Attach the pronoun to a reflexive when using a reflexive in the infinitive form.

Ud. + Uds. CommandsDrop “O” from yo form then add

ending.Put in Ud. or Uds. form w/ the opp

endings.

Ar Verb

-e

-en

Er Verb

-a

-an

Ir Verb

-a

-an

Present SubjunctivePut verb into yo form

Take off O

Add opposite ending

Conocer Conozco

Decir Digo

Dormir Duermo

Hacer Hago

Oir Oigo

Pedir Pido

Perder Pierdo

Querer Quiero

Tener Tengo

Traer Traigo

Venir Vengo

Ver Veo

Car• -que

Gar• -gue

Zar• -ce

Subjunctive with Verbs of Will and Influence

Triggers

Es necesario que

Es bueno que

Es importante que

Es mal que

Es urgente que

Es triste que

Es mejor que

Sugerir (e-ie)

Aconsejar

Importar

Insistir (en)

Mandar

Prohibir

Recomendar (e-ie)

Rogar (o-ue)

To sugge

st

To advise

To be importan

t; to matter

To insist (on)

To order

To prohibit

To recommen

d

To beg; to plead

Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion/Doubt, Disbelief, and Denial

Phrase Translation

(no) Creer (not) To believe

(no) Dudar (not) To doubt

(no) Estar seguro(a)

(not) To be sure

(no) Negar (not) To deny

Es impossible It’s impossible

Es improbable It’s improbable

Es obvio It’s obvious

No cabe duda de/No hay duda de

There is no doubt

Es (no) possible

It’s (not) possible

(no) Es probable

It’s not probable

(no) Es cierto/ (no) Es verdad

It’s (not) true

(no) Es seguro

It’s not certain

Conjunctions

Unless Before Provided that

After In case (that)

A menos que

Antes de Con tal que Despues de

En caso que

As soon as Until So that Without

En cuanto /Tan pronto como

Hasta que Para que Sin que