sp3 grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
Table of ContentsO ImperfectO PreteritO Por y ParaO Stressed Possessive Adjectives and PronounsO Ud. + Uds. CommandsO Present SubjunctiveO Subjunctive with Verbs of Will and InfluenceO Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion/Doubt,
Disbelief, and DenialO ConjunctionsO Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
Table of Contents Part 2
O Tu CommandsO Nosotros CommandsO Past Participles Used as AdjectivesO Present PerfectO Past PerfectO Future TenseO Conditional TenseO Past Subjunctive
Imperfect
Iba Ībamos Ibas
Iba Iban
Era Ēramos Eras
Era EranVeīa Veīamo
s
Veīas
Veīa Veīan
Trigger Words – Todos los días, a menudo, a veces, siempre, cada día, los lunes, generalmente, mientras, de vez en cuando, muchas veces, frecuentemente
AR - -aba, -abas, -aba, -ābamos, -abanER/IR - -īa, -īas, -īa, -īamos, -īan
Preterit
Ar Endings
-ē -amos
-aste -aron
-ō -aron
Er/ir Endings
-Ī -imos
-iste -ieron
-iō -ieronIr/Ser Conjugations
Fui Fuimos
Fuiste
Fue Fueron
Hacer
Hice Hicimos
Hiciste
Hizo Hicieron
Dar/Ver Conjugation
Di/Vi Dimos/Vimos
Diste/Viste
Dio/Vio Dieron/Vieron
Car •Only in Yo form•-quĕ
Gar •-guĕ
Zar •-cĕ
Andar Estar Poder Poner Querer Saber Tener Venir
Anduv- Estuv- Pud- Pus- Quis- Sup- Tuv- Vin-
Conducir
Producir
Traducir
Conduj- Produj- Traduj-
Decir Traer
Dij- Traj-
-e -imos -iste
-ieron -oLeī Leimos
LeisteY
Changer Leer
Leyō Leyeron
Por y ParaPor Para
Motion or a general location
Destination
Duration of an action
Deadline or a specific time in the future
Object of a search
Purpose or goal
Means by which something is done
Purpose
Exchange or substitution
The recipient of something
Unit of measure Comparisons or opinions
Employment
Both mean forPor – Through Para – TowardsPara usually before infinitive
Por aqui
Por ejempl
o
Por eso Por fin
Stressed Possessive Adjectives and PronounsMio Nuestro Tuyo
Long Form Singular Suyo Suyo
Mios Nuestros Tuyos
Long Form Plural Suyos Suyos
Um amigo mio.
• A friend of mine.
Comemos con unos amigos nuestros
• We are eating with some friends of ours.
Use the long form
of the possessive adjective
Add el, la, los, or las
according to the gender and number
of the noun it replaces
Sus viajes son a diferentes lugares• His trips are to different places
Y los tuyos, adonde son?• And yours, where are they to?
Mi (s)Nuestr (a/os/as
)
Tu (s) Short Form
Su (s) Su(s)
Attach the pronoun to a reflexive when using a reflexive in the infinitive form.
Ud. + Uds. CommandsDrop “O” from yo form then add
ending.Put in Ud. or Uds. form w/ the opp
endings.
Ar Verb
-e
-en
Er Verb
-a
-an
Ir Verb
-a
-an
Present SubjunctivePut verb into yo form
Take off O
Add opposite ending
Conocer Conozco
Decir Digo
Dormir Duermo
Hacer Hago
Oir Oigo
Pedir Pido
Perder Pierdo
Querer Quiero
Tener Tengo
Traer Traigo
Venir Vengo
Ver Veo
Car• -que
Gar• -gue
Zar• -ce
Subjunctive with Verbs of Will and Influence
Triggers
Es necesario que
Es bueno que
Es importante que
Es mal que
Es urgente que
Es triste que
Es mejor que
Sugerir (e-ie)
Aconsejar
Importar
Insistir (en)
Mandar
Prohibir
Recomendar (e-ie)
Rogar (o-ue)
To sugge
st
To advise
To be importan
t; to matter
To insist (on)
To order
To prohibit
To recommen
d
To beg; to plead
Subjunctive w/Verbs of Emotion/Doubt, Disbelief, and Denial
Phrase Translation
(no) Creer (not) To believe
(no) Dudar (not) To doubt
(no) Estar seguro(a)
(not) To be sure
(no) Negar (not) To deny
Es impossible It’s impossible
Es improbable It’s improbable
Es obvio It’s obvious
No cabe duda de/No hay duda de
There is no doubt
Es (no) possible
It’s (not) possible
(no) Es probable
It’s not probable
(no) Es cierto/ (no) Es verdad
It’s (not) true
(no) Es seguro
It’s not certain