southern africa botswana, south africa, and zimbabwe

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Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

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Page 1: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Page 2: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Republic of Botswana

Page 3: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana Geography

• Size of Texas or France

• 80% covered by Kalahari Desert

• Cattle outnumber people

Page 4: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana History/ People

• Tswana people migrated into the region in 1500s

• Wars w/ white settlers (Boers) during 1800s, sought protection from British

• Became a British colony in 1885

• Gained independence in 1966

• President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA – Elected April 2008

Page 5: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana Economy

• Stable economy• Diamonds= 80% of

exports• Also copper, beef, and

nickel• Cattle is the traditional

measurement of wealth• HUGE rich/ poor gap• Unemployment rate=

45%

The Jwaneng mine, in Botswana, is the most valuable diamond mine in the world. Its 1995 production of about 10.5 million carats had a value of about $1.2 billion.

A stamp

Page 6: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana Government• Stable!• Parliamentary republic

(like UK)• Traditional village councils

are male-dominated, govern schools and health clinics

• Unlike most African nations- never had a coup or been ruled by a dictator!– Mainly due to Tswana

ethnic cohesion and stable economy

Page 7: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana Education

• 75% adult literacy rate

• All students attend school, no fees

• Learn English

Who receives an education?

Page 8: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Botswana Health Care

• Infant mortality relatively low- 38 per 1000 births

• Other diseases: malaria, sleeping sickness, schistosomiasis– Can cause anemia,

diarrhea, pain, fatigue and malnutrition

Page 9: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

• Over 1/3 of adults infected with HIV/AIDS • Has decreased life expectancy to 40 years

-down from 65 only 10 years ago!

Page 10: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Republic of South Africa

Thabo Mbeki

Page 11: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Page 12: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

South Africa Geography• Slightly larger than

TX, OK, and NM combined!

• Completely surrounds two other nations– Lesotho– Swaziland

• Many rivers• Drakensberg

Mountains-get snow

Page 13: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

History of South Africa• 1652- Dutch established a

trade station @ Cape Town• Dutch colonists came to be

known as Boers – enslaved Africans

• British gained possession of Cape Town in 1814– Boers moved northward,

gaining land (Great Trek)

• 1899-1902- Boer War– Between British and Dutch

Boers– over gold and diamonds– British won

• 1948-Apartheid began• 1961- Independence from

Britain

Page 14: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

South African Leaders• Nelson Mandela

– fought against Apartheid system

– Jailed for 27 years

• 1993-Won Nobel Peace Prize w/ FW de Klerk – began reforms in gov’t in

1989

• 1994- elected President (until 1999)

• Jacob Zuma: current Pres.

Page 15: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Economy/ Natural Resources• Richest country in

Africa• Big gap between

white and non-white incomes

• World’s largest producer of platinum and gold

• diamonds, chrome, and coal

• High unemployment= 30-40%

Page 16: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

South Africa Government• Voting age=18• Parliamentary

Republic• 1994 election: first

time indigenous South Africans could vote!

Page 17: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

South Africa Education/Health Care

• Kids go to school until age 15

• 19 universities• Public hospitals open to

all• Free health care to

pregnant women and kids under 6

• ½ lack basic sanitation• 1/3 lack potable

(drinkable) water

Page 18: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Diseases• Highest # of HIV-positive citizens in world!

(5.3 million today)• 1 in 9 (1 in 4 adults) is infected with HIV• World’s largest tuberculosis infection rate

Page 19: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Republic of Zimbabwe

Page 20: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe Geography

• Slightly larger than Montana

• Landlocked

• Known for “balancing rocks”

• Victoria Falls

Page 21: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe History

• Great Zimbabwe- early trading empire

• Zimbabwe means “stone houses”

• 1888- Cecil Rhodes granted charter to colonize– 1923-became Br. Colony of

Southern Rhodesia– Desired to build a railroad

from Cairo to Capetown• 1965-declared

independence- sparked a civil war

Page 22: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe Gov’tRobert Mugabe- elected

Pres. in 1980– Has ruled ever since– Corrupt government

• Claims to be a Parliamentary Republic but is really a dictatorship!

• Voting age= 18

• 2002 & ’06 elections were rigged and fraudulent

• 2008: shares power w/ Morgan Tsvangirai

Page 23: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Economy/ Natural Resources• 2/3 of population in agriculture

– problem w/ droughts

• Tobacco and cotton= 40% of exports– Corn, tea, and sugar

• Manufacture footwear and furniture• Unemployment= 60%• Suffers from hyper-inflation

Page 24: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe Education/ Health care

• Education: very high literacy rate

• Almost all kids go to school

• Malaria, cholera, bilharzia (schistosmiasis)

• People often use traditional healers

• 2nd highest HIV infection rate in world

Page 25: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

other DISEASES• Malaria:

– kills three times as many children in Africa as HIV/AIDS

– spread by mosquitoes• Sleeping Sickness:

– Tsetse fly– 20,000 new cases a year

amongst ppl– kills 1000s of cattle a year

Page 26: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

MARBURG VIRUS

• Marburg Virus– outbreak in Angola– over 250 died– Ebola like virus– begins w/

• high fever• head/body aches

– w/i 5-7 days:• liver & kidney failure• spontaneous bleeding• death

Page 27: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

FAMINE• Famine is caused by:

– periods of drought– heavy reliance on foreign

imports– armed conflicts– locusts and crop eating

insects• Problems related to getting aid

for famine regions:– African leaders resistance

to admitting food shortages exist

– Resistance to genetically modified food aid

– Difficulty of transporting food aid to areas hit by famine

Page 28: Southern Africa Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

BRAIN DRAIN• Brain Drain - the emigration of African

professionals to western nations– Searching for better working conditions

and pay– Private agencies are actively recruiting

African workers– High crime, violence, and human rights

abuses– Failing economies and high unemployment

• Causes of African economic crisis:– Western exploitation of natural resources– Poor soil & weather patterns– Dictators & conflicts

• Solution:– Western countries cancel & forgive debts