South Africa South Africa Official nameOfficial name Republic of South Africa Republic of South Africa

(English) (English) Form of governmentForm of government multiparty republic multiparty republic

with two legislative houses with two legislative houses (National Council of Provinces (National Council of Provinces [90]; National Assembly [400]) [90]; National Assembly [400])

Head of state and governmentHead of state and government President President

Capitals (de facto)Capitals (de facto) Pretoria/Tshwane(1) Pretoria/Tshwane(1)(executive); (executive); Bloemfontein/Mangaung(1) Bloemfontein/Mangaung(1) (judicial); Cape Town (legislative) (judicial); Cape Town (legislative)

Official languagesOfficial languages (2) (2)

Official religionOfficial religion none none

South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Kruger National ParkThe Kruger National Park

Plant and animal lifePlant and animal life

1. Natural vegetation varies from savanna (parklike grassland) in the Bushveld and Lowveld of Mpumalanga and Northern provinces through grassland with fewer trees in the Highveld to scrub and scattered bush in the Karoo and drier western areas. Western Cape has a distinct vegetation of grasses, shrubs, and trees able to withstand the long, dry summers and is the home of many of South Africa's 20,000 species of flowering plants. The eastern coast has a more tropical plant life. Natural forest is limited to mountainous valleys along the Great Escarpment and a few other favoured localities, in particular the Knysna area of the southern coast.

AnimalsAnimals

South Africa has a rich and varied mammal life, with more than 200 species, including large animals such as lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, baboons, and many kinds of antelope. Smaller creatures include mongooses, jackals, and various cats. However, the numbers of animals declined greatly during the expansion of white settlement in the 18th and 19th centuries, and today large indigenous mammals occur mainly in wildlife reserves, of which Kruger National Park is the best known. There are more than 800 species of birds, many species of reptiles, including more than 100 snake species (of which one-quarter are poisonous), and an extraordinary diversity of insects.

Modal verbsModal verbs

должен/ не долженвынужден

не разрешается

MustMustn’t

Have to Be not allowed to