SOUTH AFRICA “To be Human,To be Free”

HISTORY I

-Khoisan tribes: nomadic hunters, gatherers: they lived in South Africa for about 40.000 years, reached Buena Esperanza Cape.

-S. XV: South Africa became a common scale for European expeditions.

-1498: Vasco de Gama opened the route of the species by Buena Esperanza Cape.

-1652: Dutchman Jan Van Riebeck establish a permanent sttlement of supply in Table Bay, which Cape Town is nowadays.

-Late S.XVIII: decline of the Netherlands. Britain, is off to conquerAnother part of Africa. The british inmigrants families settled in the cities, increasing the division between rural and urban areas.

HISTORY II

-Slavery: abolished in 1834, but the division between blacks and whites in the work continued same.

-The first Anglo-Boer war was settled with victory for the Boers and the establishment of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. The british withdrew, until they discovered a huge gold deposit near Johannesburg.

-In 1902, the boers had exhausted conventional resources and went on to perform guerrilla actions.

HISTORY III

-1910: The Union of South Africa was created and adopted a barrage of racist legislation that restricted the rights of blacks and laid the foundations of apartheid.

-1969: demostrators were killed in riots in Sharpeville and leaders African National Congress (ANC), including Nelson Mandela, entry in prision.

-After leaving the Commonwealth en 1961, South Africa was isolated from the world.

HISTORY IV

-South Africa responded with weapons from limited strikes (Mozambique and Lesotho) to large scale offensive (Angola y Namibia).

-Middle 80’s exploded violence among blacks in the Townships themselves.

-Free elections of 1994 exalted to ANC and Nelson Mandela became president. South Africa rejoined the Conwealth a few months laterunos meses después. In 1996 it approved the new constitution, which matched before the law to all citizens.

-1999: the country voted in a multiracial elections for the second time in its history. Despite the withdrawal of Nelson Mandela, the ANC again won the elections with Thabo Mbeki allowing it to amend the Contitution.

BORDERS

GEOGRAFHY

-Located south end of the african continent.

-It extends from the Tropic of Capricorn to Cape Agulhas, 35º S which is the southern most point of the countri and therefore the african continent.

-Area:1.219.080 km².

-Coastline:2.954 Km long, washed by the waters of the Indian Ocean east of warm water, pushed from the north by the Mozambique current and Atlantic to the west, the cold waters of the Benguela currents.

-Major rivers: Orange river which flows into the Atlantic Ocean and its main tributary, the Vaal river; Limpopo river flowing into the Indian Ocean. 

cont. GEOGRAFHY

-Big country: more than Germany, Holland, Belgium, France and Italy together.

-It stretches 2.000 km from the Limpopo river, in the nort to the Cape Agulhas, south, and about 1.500 km from Port Nolloth, in the west to Durban, in the east.

-It is divided into three main areas: the vast interior plateau (Highveld), the Great Escarpment (Great Escarpment) at its northern end (the Kalahari Basin) and the narrow coastal plain (Lowveld).

-The subcontinent has a string of islands that reach the Antarctic.

cont. GEOGRAFHY

RELIEF

(you can enlarge to see better)

cont. RELIEF

-Land: geologically very old, divided into 16 diferentes types, this explains the vas country’s mineral wealth.

-2 Topographic relief types: large circular inland plateau: an average elevation of 1,200m Above sea lever, called the Hiveld (the highlands), characterized by low rainfall, seasonal rivers, the barrenness of the soil,large daily temperature variation and mineral wealth.

-West lies the Kalahari Desert.

-Land of the coast surronding the plateau form a belt stretching 60 Km. wide in the west an gradually widens toward the northeast to more than 220 Km., known as the Lowveld (or lowland), luxuriant vegetation, the vast wealth floral, fruit, livestock and vast tracts of foerestry, naural forests, fisheries incredible richness an beauty of its beaches.

MAP 9 PROVINCES

 1.-PROVINCE OF GAUTENG:

-Provincial capital: Johannesburg-Soweto-Gold Reef City-Sandton -Pretoria-Reseda-Sierras de Magaliesberg.-Sterkfontein-Cullinan

 

JOHANNESBURG

  2.-PROVINCE OF NORTH WEST:-Provincial capital: Mafikeng-Hartbeespoort-Sun City -Parque Nacional Pilanesberg

3.-PROVINCE OF LIMPOPO:-Provincial capital: Polokwane-Tzaneen-Parque Nacional Kruger

4.-PROVINCE OF FREE STATE:-Provincial capital: Bloemfontein.

 5.-PROVINCE OF MPUMALANGA-Provincial capital: Mpumalanga-Dullstroom     -Lydenburg-Sabie   -Pilgrim’s Rest -La Ventana de Dios-El Cañón del Río Blyde-Nelspruit

6.-PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL -Provincial capital: Pietermaritzburg-Durban-Thousands Hill Valley-Shakaland-Hluhluwe-Umfolozi-Santa Lucía-Drakensberg de Natal

 

PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL

   7.- PROVINCE OF EASTERN CAPE -Provincial capital: Bisho-Garden Route-National Forest Park Tsitsikamma-National Coast Park Tsitsikamma-National Park Elephan Addo-Nacional Park Zebra Mountain 8.-PROVINCE OF WESTERN CAPE-Provincial capital: Cape Town-Natural Reserve Buena Esperanza Cape-Wineyards Route-Garden Route-Oudtshoorn-National Park Wilderness-Knysna-Plettenberg Bay-Nature’s Valley

WESTERN CAPE

  9.-PROVINCE DEL NORTHERN CAPE-Provincial capital: Kimberley -National Park Namaqualand-Natiional Park Augrabies-National Park Kalahari Gemsbok-Clarens-National Park Golden Gate Highlands-ultural Village Basutu-Bloemfontein

 

FLORA & FAUNA

-Lan mammals: global superlatives: lagerst (african elephant), the smallest (pygmy shrew), the tallest (the giraffe) and the fastest (the Cheeatah).

-Latest important populations of black rhinos and white (with horns intact).

-Cocodriles in the rivers of the Lowveld.

-Hippos in the northern coastal regions.

-Birds numerous: the largest in the world (the ostrick), the flying bird larger (the Kori Bustard), in addition to sunbirds, Flemish an the sociable weaver birdThat lives in cities of grass tht the same constructs.

-Flora: diverse, wild flowers (lilies and tritoma in pastures).

-Cape Kingdom West: is one of the six floral kingdoms existing in the planet.

 

FAUNA

 

FLORA

 

FAUNA

FAUNA

 

CLIMA

CLIMATE

 

cont. CLIMATE

 

cont. CLIMATE

 

cont. CLIMATE

 -Plateau:low rainfall, where born the rivers south africans.

-Cape Town: winter rainfal: average:750 mm.

-Difference temperature winter/summer: 10º C.

-West Coast: more dry and windy, especially during the month of August and September.

-Bright sun: 9 hours a day, spectacular sunsets.

-Variable Weather: Due to its length

-North west: subtropical climate.

-West part: semi arid climate in the west.

-Average annual precipitation is 464 mm.

-Precipitation: abundant in the East.

-Wetlands: Southeast around Cape Town.

-North Cape: dry and warm coast.

cont. CLIMATE

RELIGION

-Major religion: christianity (55% of protestan population, 9% catholic).

-Other: african traditional religions, islam, mormonism, hinduism, jewish community (3% of whites).

 

LANGUAGES South Africa recognizes 11 languages as official languages.

-The main two are of European origin: the english used as a vehicle of communication among all Sout Africans and Afrikaans derived from the Dutchman, is used by the Boers and also by the colored.

-The other official languages are:ndebele, sesotho, sotho septentrional, tswana, swazi, salebowa, tsona, venda, xhosa y zulú.

POPULATION

-44 million inhabitants.

-4 ethnic groups: blacks (75.2%); white (13.6%); mixed (8.6%) e hindu (2.6%).

-Seriuous problems of character social, employment and health (mainlyAIDS, which es estimated to affect 20% of the population). -Population of mostly black working class.

-Middle and upper classes: mainly white.

-Statistics: black sector by acquiring more purchasing power..

-Fuerza laboral: 28% de la población.

-Unemployment: 30%.

-50% of the population living below the poor line.

BLACK POPULATION

KOISHAN

ZULÚ

XHOSA

NDEBELES

SWAZIS

BASOTHO

MESTIZOS

HINDUS

 PRACTICAL INFORMATION:

President: Thabo Mruyelwa Mbeki

Hora local: GMT+2

Electricity: 220/230 V (250 V in Pretoria), 50 Hz

Health risks: malaria is confined largely. The quality of services is excellent but expensive.

ECONOMY

GDP: 146,000 million U.S. $GDP per cápita: 2.133 $Annual growth: 0,9%Inflationary: 7,8%Major economic resources: minery, finance, insurance, food elaboration.Major trading partners: U.S., U.K., Germany, Italy and Japon.

-31.8% of African GDP, especially in the mining and manufacturing area.

-Currency: Rand, divided into 100 cent. -Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the largest of Africa.

-Industria more powerful and diversified throughout the African continent.

COMUNICATIONS

Airports:-International airports: Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, Durban Ciudad del Cabo.

-More tahn 60 international airlines from and towards all the world

-Johannesburg: Africa’s best airport for the past 2 years.

Roads:-Excellent road nework of highways and roads that cross the whole country.

-An excelente network of domestic connections.

-There’s no problem to move between cities.

-There are more than 7200km of national highways.

-More than 50000 km of provincial roads.

Main Ports: Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay Mossel Bay.

Railways: -6000km of railways connecting the country.-The rail links from various cities are good.-Two of the most luxurious trains in the world: the Blue Train and theRovos Rail.

Public Transport in Cities:-Mini-van (o combis collectives)-Buses-Trains-Taxi

Rent a Car.

cont. COMUNICATIONS

-Pretoria (2 million): Administrative Capital.

-Ciudad del Cabo (2,9 million): Law Capital.

-Bloemfontein (645,000 million): Judicial Capital.

-Johannesburgo (over 4.1 million):Principal financial and business center.

POLICY-GOVERNMENT-ADMINISTRATION

PRETORIA

-Leading telecommunications in Africa.

-5 million land lines (11% of population).

-More than 15 million mobile phones (34% of population).

-More than 2 million regular Internet users.

-Almost all telecommunications are digital.

-All events (example World Cup) will be conneted with optical fiber.

TELECOMMUNICATONS

PHONE CALLS AND TIME DIFFERENCE: Codes of South Africa:

Internacional: 27 Johannesburgo: 11Pretoria: 12   Ciudad del Cabo:21Durban: 31

 

cont. TELECOMMUNICATIONS

 

cont. TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Country  Code Time difference

Argentina 0954 -5 h.

Bolivia 09591 -6 h.

Brasil 0955 -4 h.

Chile 0956 -6 h.

Colombia 0957 -7 h.

Costa Rica 09506 -8 h. 30 min.

Ecuador 09593 -7 h.

El Salvador 09503 -8 h.

España 0934 -1 h.

Guatemala 09502 -8 h.

Haití 09509 -7 h.

Honduras 09504 -7 h.

Méjico 0952 -8 h.

Nicaragua 09505 -7 h.

Panamá 09507 -7 h

Paraguay 09595 -6 h.

Perú 0951 -7 h.

Puerto Rico 091787 -6 h.

Rep. Dominicana 091809 -6 h.

Uruguay 09598 -5 h.

Venezuela 0958 -6 h

TOURISM

-Quickly increase thanks to well equipped network of infraestructure and services: generals (aiports, motorways, railways, etc...) and tourism (hotels, restaurants, accomodations yn protected areas, tour operators, etc.).  -The economic system and racial segregation have created a middle class and upper middle white whith high purchasing power: an importanta consumer ofr tourism services around the country.

-International Tourism: First market: mostly close: Zimbabwue o Botswana, Lesotho y Swazilandia. Second market: european (mostly: UK and Germany).  -Intra regional tavels: very important market because business. Flows with direction to cities. 

TOP CITYS

Cap Town: holland influence, picturesque Vineyard Route..

Johannesburg: Forest City, the richest in the country: exploitation of vasta deposits of gold.

Soweto: dynamic, cradle of the resistance of apartheid, now example of an urban black society.

Pretoria: Garden City and the nation’s administrative capital.

Durban: is the Wellnes Center on the Indian Ocean with beautiful beaches an water quality benefits all year round. 

Soweto 

STAR PRODUCTS

URBAN TOURISM:

CAP TOWN

-Second city with more poopulation.-Legislative Center.-Considerated the most beatiful city for its location in a estuary dominatedby spectacular Tabla Montain.-Situatedo in the atlantic coast- Western Cape province.-Mediterranean climate.-Along Natal province, it’s one of the most important coastlinedestinations.

CAP TOWN

STAR PRODUCTS

SUN & BEACH TOURISM:

-Basically for domestic market.

-Disadvantage atlantic coastline: bathed by the stuary of Benguela: water temperature is not comfortable.

-Índico: more warm subtropical climate, rains in summer.

-Important areas: between Buena Esperanza Cap and Durban: beach and water sports.

-More development areas in this coastline:Garden Route- in the westernWestern Cape province , link several touristcs areas: East London,Knysa o Jeffreys Bay.

cont. STAR PRODUCTS

cont. SUN & BEACH TOURISM:

Durban:

-Spectacular tropical vegetation.-Very nive beaches: Milla de Oro, Margate, Amanzimtoti, Umhalanga, etc. soft white sand lapped by the warm turquoise waters Indian Ocean withdolphins.-Surfer paradise.-Many balnearios.-Cruise Port.-House of King of Zulus.-Botanical garden.-Beaty nature Kranzkloof area.-Aristocratic residential area.

Durban:

cont. STAR PRODUCT

NATURE TOURISM:

-Nature: one the most important tourist resource in South Africa.-Domestic market: high economic power.-Variety of lodging: types and quality. -Camping areas, villages well equipped with all facilitie and luxury. -Hunting private areas near reserved nature areas.-Kruger: The most visited Park: very big area in the norh, miles foreign Tourists visit it each year. It`s one the better managed nature areas inthe continent .-Drakensberg Mountain: spectacular mountains range.  (Diego A. Barrado y Jordi Calabuig: Geografía mundial del turismo, Editorial Síntesis, 2001:416-417).

Drakensberg Mountains

NATURAL PARKS:

-KRUGER PARK.

-PILANESBERG.

-SANTA LUCÍA.

-BLYDE RIVER.

-MPUMALANGA TSITSIKAMA PANORAMIC ROUTE.

-GARDEN ROUTE. 

KRUGER PARK

 

GARDEN ROUTE 

MORE PRODUCTS

-BEAUTY & HEALTH TOURISM/THERMAL TOURISM: DURBAN

-SPORT & ADVENTURES TOURISM:DURBAN

-RESIDENTIAL.

-RURAL TOURISM.

-CRUISE TOURISM.

-ECO TOURISM.

-LANGUAGE TOURISM.

-EVENTS TOURISM: World Cup 2010.

-HUNTING TOURISM.

-SAFARI TOURISM.

cont. MORE PRODUCTS

SAFARIS TOURISM: EASTERN CAP

POTENTIAL PRODUCTS

-POLITICAL TOURISM: Apartheid-Nelson Mandela.

-HUMANS RIGHTS TOURISM: racism.

-MEDICAL TOURISM: http://medicalaudit.com.ar/2009/10/se-unen-clinicas-privadas-para-impulsar-el-turismo-medico/

-FILM TOURISM: Social, Policy, Lansdcape.

-ETHNIC TOURISM: tribal cultures: Lesedi.

-JOURNALISM TOURISM.

ROUTES MAP

KM. TABLE

Jhb  58  200  458  506  583  450  1418  1179  719

 Pretoria  150  398  446  641  516  1460  1228  1112

Sun City Pilanesberg  548  596  791  650  1610 1378 1262

  Kruger National   Park  161  770  513  1849 1610  1487

  Blyde    River Canyon   828  581  1883  1658  1533

   Durban 295  1557  1319  984

  Sta.L ucia  1852  1414  1083

  Cape Town  438  769

  George  335

  Port Elizabeth

PUBLIC PROMOTION WEB PAGES

South Africa Government: http://www.gov.za/ Tourism Oficial Web: http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/home South Africa Embassy in SMadrid: http://www.sudafrica.com/ South Africa Statics: http://www.statssa.gov.za/

 http://www.turismosudafrica.com/ http://www.sudafricaworld.com/ http://www.sudafrica.co.za/turismo.htm http://www.africatourism.com/ZA/ES/symbol.asp?symbol=21 http://arc.peacecorpsconnect.org/

PRIVATE PROMOTION WEB PAGES

MEDIA PEOPLE OF SOUTH AFRICA

•J.R.R. Tolkien, writer, author of The Lord of the Rings.•Christian Barnard, doctor (first heart transplant).•Albert John Lutuli, teacher an political, Peace Nobel Prize in1960.•Nelson Mandela, leader and first black presidente of South Africa, Peace Nobel Prize in.•Frederik De Klerk, south african presidente who released to Mandela y finished with Apartheid, Peace Nobel Prize.•Desmond Tutu, anglican bishop and pacifist, Peace Nobel Prize in 1984.•J.M. Coetzee, writer, Nobel Prize in Literature.•Nadie Gordimer, Nobe Prize in Literature.•Trevor Rabin, rock musician and compositer.François Pienaar, rugby player, Sprinboks captain when they win the worl cup in 1995.•Jody Scheckter, Formula 1 world champion in 1979.•Charlize Theron, first african actress who win a Oscar.•Paul Krug, president of Transvaal since 1883 to1900.•Max Theiler, Medicine Nobel Prize in 1951.

ENCLOSED INFORMATION 

ANNEX I: Mass Media & News.

ANNEX II: Stories.

ANNEX III: Travel Guide.

ANNEX IV: Bibliography.