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SOMALI REGION: MULTI – AGENCY GU 2012 SEASONAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

REGION:

Somali Regional State

DATE ASSESSMENT STARTED & COMPLETED:

June 1 – 25, 2012

TEAM MEMBERS – Regional analysis and report

NAME AGENCY Demeke Eshete USAID

Abdirahman Ali Issack OCHA

Ahmed Abdirahman (Alieed) SCUK

Ahmed Mohammed FAO

Mohamed Hasen

OCHA

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PART I: FOOD SECURITY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The overall food security of the region has been stable and shown some improvements since the last

dey /karan season. Households in most of the zones also have benefited from the higher Terms of Trade

(ToT) between livestock and cereals. The near normal to normal gu rains also helped to improve pasture

and water availability to sustain and improve the body conditions of livestock.

Generally the food security situation for most parts of the region remained stable due to the positive

effects of the two consecutive rains (deyr and gu) on pasture and water availability that sustained good

to average livestock conditions, improved terms of trade due to the declining trend in cereal prices and

improved livestock prices.

Gu 2012 rains commenced on time in most of the southern seven zones and in Jigjiga. On the contrary,

most of Shinile in the north and southern parts of Gode, Dolobay and Barey of Afder, and Dolo Ado of

Liban remained dry or received much below normal rains.

Pasture and water conditions are currently rated from average to good in most of the southern zones

and Jigjiga as a result of the near normal to normal deyr/karan seasons, the mild Jilaal season (Jan-Mar

2012), and the near timely start of the gu rains.

However, the agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihoods of Dolo Ado in Liban, Dolobay and Barey in Afder,

the three southern woredas of Gode, and Danod and Galadi of Warder where meager gu rains were

received, pasture and water resources have been depleted, early season internal livestock movements

and needs for water trucking have been reported.

Likewise, the long dry Jilaal season (Oct 11 - Mar 12) was very harsh in parts of the northern Shinile zone

(Shinile, Erer, Hadagala and Ayisha and parts of Afdem) where the main karan rains (Jul-Sep 11) were

also much below normal. A long narrow belt stretching from Ayisha in the east to Erer and Dambal in

the west crossing through Shinile and Hadagala districts has not received any gu season rains (Apr-May

12). The situation in this zone is very critical with elevated malnutrition cases and increased morbidity

and disease outbreaks (Source: Shinile team rapid and gu 12 assessment reports based on field data and

Zone health office data). Over the long Jilaal period, the livestock body condition in Shinile has gradually

deteriorated and cattle and shoats were emaciated.

The purchasing power of the pastoral and agro-pastoral households has been strengthened in all parts

of the region due to the decrease in cereal prices, particularly relief wheat, and the increasing livestock

prices. Increase in price of shoats in particular is anticipated with a rising demand for shoats for the

coming festive season of Ramadan (July-August 2012). As the hagaa dry season progresses, however,

body condition of livestock declines and prices may also drop.

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Milk availability has declined as the calving rate of the season was very minimal and late lactating

animals have dried up. The prospect for increased kidding/lambing of livestock that improves milk

availability in the coming two to four months is in fact high except for Shinile.

Market purchases and PSNP/relief assistance are the main sources of cereals and food for most

households in Somali region. Cereal prices remained stable or gradualy declined, especially relief wheat,

in most markets of the region since the months of Feb/Mar 2012. Particularly significant price drops

were observed in Fiq. Degahbur and Gode markets due to mainly regular PSNP and relief food

distribution, and relative ease of restrictions on imported fod items. The price of relief wheat was the

lowest in Fiq and Degahbur markets in May 2012, where a 50 kg wheat was purchased for 70 and 90 birr

respectively.

The cereal price trends in the coming months will also largely be determined by the flow of PSNP/relief

food and ease of access to imported food supply. Local cereal production is not likely this season and

PSNP is not running from July to December. Hence the price of cereals and imported food items is

expected to rise.

Based on these and field level data collected through community interviews, the assessment teams

anticipate that the current food security status is likely to persist throughout the region until the impacts

of the upcoming rainy seasons (Karan and Deyr) are known.

WEATHER CONDITIONS

Gu 2012 rains were near normal to below normal contributing for regeneration of pasture and

improving water availability in most parts of the region. The start of gu rains was timely for most zones

while up to two weeks late onset was observed for some zones. Distribution, both in time and space,

and intensity of the gu rains also varied across the zones.

More or less similar patterns of distribution were experienced with the last deyr but gu rains were near

normal to below normal with the exception of Shinile, southern woredas of Gode (Kalafo, Muztahil, and

Ferfer), eastern parts of Warder (Danot, Galadi and Daratole), parts of Korahey, Dolobay and Barey of

Afder, and Dolo Ado of Liban.

Generally, the performance of gu rain has been below normal for Shinile zone and no rain was reported

since mid-April, 2012. Majority of the woredas received very poor and erratic gu rainfall with uneven

distribution and coverage. The 2012 Jilaal-long dry season (Oct ’11-Mar ’12) was harsh for the pastoral

livelihoods of Shinile where the last Karan season also performed poorly. In this area, rangeland and

water resources have become depleted causing an early livestock movement towards Jigjiga zone and

Oromia region.

In Jigjiga, this year rainfall started on time at the end of March and stopped in mid-May. Despite this, the

rain was erratic and uneven in terms of distribution, frequency and intensity. Parts of Jigjiga, Awbare,

Kabribayah and Tuliguled received normal rains, Babile and Gursum received medium to normal rains,

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while Harshin woreda which remained dry during the last season and experienced chronic water

shortage has received normal rains this season.

The current gu rain was erratic in amount and distribution with late onset, early secession and long dry

spell between rainy days for Gode zone. Unlike Gode, for the neighboring Dagahbour, performance of

the gu rains was reported to be normal for most woredas with the exception of south west Gashamo

and north east Ararso woredas. Likewise the current gu was normal for most of Fik zone but amount

and distribution varies from one woreda to another. Most woredas received better rains except Fik and

Hamaro.

In the south west, for Liban zone, this season’s gu rain was timely and distribution of the rain was good

with good intensity as compared to normal gu seasons and reference years except Dolo Ado which

received extremely below normal rainfall during the gu season. Whereas for Afder zone the gu 2012

rains started in mid-April in most parts of the zone, delayed by two weeks. In general the rain is

characterized with late onset, varies frequency, low to medium intensity, uneven and more localized

distribution in some places. Bare, Dolobay, West Imey, and Raso, received very little rain compared to

the other woredas in the zone.

In Southern and southeastern parts of the region, the gu rains were good in many parts of Korahey zone

except for some pocket areas. Areas with little or no rain include the southern parts of Shilabo, south

western parts of Dobewain, south and eastern parts of Shekosh, and south eastern parts of Kabridaher.

Contrary to this, the performance of the gu rains in all parts of Warder zone was reported as below

normal. The distribution was not even, for there were areas with good rain and areas with no rain at all.

Bokh and Warder Woredas were better than others in terms of the amount of rain received because in

Danot, Daratole and Galadi woredas, the rain was much below normal. Areas in the southern part of

Galadi woreda may face serious water shortages starting July as the Birkas are almost empty.

All the regional teams were also requested to compare amount of rainfall reported in LEAP with ground

observations in the region during travel. On their return, most team observations ascertain that the

amount of rainfall reported in LEAP is inflated and it does not correspond with the situation on the

ground. Hence further ground cross-check exercise is commendable before implementation.

PASTURE, WATER AND LIVESTOCK CONDITIONS: Regional overview

Livestock conditions affects majority of Somali Region’s population in terms of their socioeconomic

aspiration and food security conditions. Better livestock body condition translates to higher prices, high

milk production and social serenity as no resources conflict are anticipated as pastoralists do not have

stress for feed and water for their livestock.

The substantial conception for camels and cattle that occurred during the last Karan/Deyr season is

expected to make positive increment in the herd size of camels and cattle. There has been high

conception rate for camels and shoats in all karan and deyr receiving zones during the last season except

for cattle in deyr receiving zones.

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However, milk production in this season is very low in most parts of the region because of low calving

during the season. Though milk yield has improved for the few lactating animals starting the commence

of the gu season, current milk yield is also minimal due to late lactating resulting in drying up of milk

producing stocks. Prices of milk are much higher than reference year, making poor households’ access

to milk extremely difficult. The rate of kidding and lambing of shoats was medium all over the region.

Calving of cattle and camel is expected in July-August and October-December respectively.

There is no livestock disease outbreak reported, however, prevalence of seasonal diseases is anticipated

to affect livestock as the veterinary services are limited in the whole region.

Due to the failed gu rains following the long dry Jilaal and the poor and erratic karan in central and

northwestern parts of Shinile zone pasture, browse and water availability have further deteriorated.

Water trucking have been started and the region requested more water trucking assistance for the

affected pastoral villages in these areas.

Unusual livestock movement in search of pasture and water is observed from Shinile, Ayisha, Erer and

Dambel woredas of Shinile zone. Most of the livestock from these woredas are moving to Afdem and

Meiso woredas. Such movement and concentration of livestock result early depletion of the existing

pasture and further movement of livestock into Oromia region which can trigger resources based

conflict.

In most of the southern zones that received moderate to poor gu rainfall dry pasture, browse and water

are available owing to the good deyr and mild Jilaal seasons. However water trucking is required for

areas where berkads and water ponds are not sufficiently recharged by the gu rains (See annex 3).

Internal livestock movement has been started from the woredas that have no or little pasture.

Particularly cattle and camel from Shinile moved to parts of Jigjiga zone and neighboring Oromia region.

In the south, animals from Dolo Ado moved to Filtu in Liban zone, from Dolobay to Hargelle and Charati

in Afder zone, and from Fik and Hamero to Salahad and Lagahida in Fik zone.

External livestock migration was also observed from the conflict affected areas of Somaliland (Buhodle

area) to Bokh district of Warder zone and from Bakol of Somalia to riverine areas of Kalafo.

In terms of reproduction, there is high expectation of delivery for cattle and camels in Jul-Aug for cattle

that conceived during the deyr 2011 while camels may start in Sept-Oct. This certainly improves milk

availability and hence the nutrition status of children and adults as well. Livestock body condition of all

species is good in all zones except Shinile. In Shinile, the livestock body condition deteriorated to below

average particularly among cattle, lactating goats and their offspring.

PASTURE, WATER AND LIVESTOCK CONDITIONS: The situation in zones.

Jijiga: Body condition of all species seem to be normal as the current gu rain lead to improve the

browse/pasture and water availability which also resulted in the decline in walking distance for grazing

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and watering. There has been no livestock disease outbreak reported though there is a concern

regarding the poor veterinary services provided to most of the rural centers.

There is unusual livestock migration into Tuliguled district of Jijiga zone from Shinile zone. Similarly there

is out migration from Babile to Erer Gota of the neighboring Oromia region due to the shortage of

pasture and water in some pocket area Like Irressa kebele of Babile district. The milk yield for cattle in

all districts of Jijiga zone has declined due to late lactation whereas camel milk yield has remained

normal.

Shinile: Severe pasture shortage is experienced in all seven woredas

of Shinile where the body condition of animals is deteriorating,

particularly cattle and shoats are emaciated. As a result, livestock out-

migration to different areas such as Afar and Oromia regions,

Dakhato, Tulli-Guled, Chinakson and Fafan woredas of Jigjiga zone and

to Somaliland is reported.

Resource based conflict is anticipated because of depleting pasture and water resource in the pastoral areas of Afdem and Meisod. Due to movement, also livestock are currently susceptible for contagious disease while unidentified animal disease and death of cattle is reported from Afdem, Shinile and Erer woredas. Similarly, livestock body condition and incomes from sales has declined.

Milk availability is very critical in all Shinile zone due to less number of lactating animals, though improvement with livestock reproduction is expected at the beginning of the coming Karan. Generally, no major livestock disease outbreak reported in this season.

Fik: The predominant animal species reared in Fik woreda are camel and shoats and currently pasture

availability has declined and expected to sustain livestock only up to Aug 2012.

Gu rainfall performed poorly making poor pasture and browse regeneration in most parts of the zone

and the quantity and quality of the available pasture has been reduced. In addition, the distance to the

livestock watering points from the traditional pasture land have widened and is expected to contribute

to the weakening of the general physical condition of livestock. Internal livestock movement has started

in Garbo, Sagag, Hamaro & Fik woredas in search of pasture & water.

Availability of milk is very low as both milking animals and yields per animal are reduced due to the poor

gu rains and is expected to worsen as the dry season progresses.

Dagahbour: Pasture has improved in most of the woredas as a result of gu rains with the exception of

some pocket areas like the wide unadorned area of Gashamo locally known as Hagaa which is currently

dusty dry and sunny. Body condition of all types of livestock is good and no livestock disease outbreak

was reported

Shinile Current Condition

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Gode: The poor amount the gu 2012 rains, erratic spatial and temporal distribution with long dry spells

has affected pasture and browse revival in all woredas causing livestock to graze on dry roughage of the

deyr 2011.

The current water sources for livestock are the Wabe-Shebelle river to the

majority of riverine and some agro-pastoral areas while wells and ponds

are other source for herds at pastoral areas of the zone. Most ponds

between Gode and Danan woredas have already been depleted.

Moreover, some villages of Danan woreda are currently facing critical

water problem while from villages in Ferfer woreda, pastoralist have

already started early movement due to lack of water. Critical level of

pasture depletion was also reported in parts of Danan.

There is no severe animal disease outbreak in Gode zone. The body condition of livestock in Gode,

Beer’ano, Adadle and Danan woredas was relatively good due to good performance of the deyr 2011

compared to herds in Kalafo, Mustahil and Ferfer where the gu 2012 rains failed.

Milk availability is scarce in all woredas due to low calving rate in the current season as conceiving of

camel and cattle took place in deyr 2011 and meat price is high due to increased livestock prices.

Failure of the gu rain has caused abnormal migration of herds from Ferfer woreda to Shilabo and

Dobaweyn woredas and others to Shebelle Riverine areas in search of pasture and water. Moreover,

there is influx of herds from within and from Bakol of Somalia to riverine areas of Kelafo in search of

pasture and water. In Danan woreda lack of pasture and water caused migration of herds to Kabridahar

and the surrounding.

Liban: Livestock body condition for all livestock species seem to have fully recovered as a result of

abundance of pasture from last year’s deyr season in addition to near normal rains of current gu season

in all woredas of the zone except Dolo Ado Woreda. Herd size continues to decline as result of increased

sales due to increasing prices of all livestock species influenced by local demands. Good conception of

camels and cattle during the last deyr (October to

December 2011) will have positive contribution

for increment in the herd size, as camels and

cattle species are expected to deliver during next

deyr season (October to December 2012).

Contrarily, livestock in Dolo Ado has weaker body conditions as a result of lesser pasture in the area and

long distance migration to Filtu and other parts of Dolo Ado like Boqol-mayo and Malka Dida kebeles

that received relatively good rains as compared to other parts of Dolo Ado Woreda.

Milk productivity and yield significantly decreased as late lactating animals dried up. Although there is

no livestock disease outbreak reported, the prevalence of seasonal diseases like CPP, PPR and

Danan Condition

Poor Pasture condition in Daloado Vs Good in Filtu

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pastrolosis exacerbated by extreme concentration in Filtu Woreda resulted emergence of wide spread

seasonal diseases in shoats. In relation to this, Deka-Suftu woreda reported a livestock disease they

locally named Riin Weyn which caused significant livestock mortality.

The prospect of water availability is not promising as there are limited boreholes and sustainable water

sources in the zone. Most of the traditional water sources are expected to dry up in one to two months

of the Hagaa (July to September) season. Thus, a number of villages are expected to need emergency

water trucking in the months of August and September 2012 (see annex 3).

Afder: Water and pasture condition of the zone is below normal due to the low performance of current

gu rain in the zone. Reports indicate that there is no water where there is pasture and no pasture where

there is water. Generally in some of the woredas like Gorobakaksa, Jerati, Guradamole and Elkare

livestock body condition is normal while in the other woredas animals are weakened due to scarcity of

pasture, water.

Milk production, reproductively and market supply of livestock is below normal. Currently livestock are

moved to river banks, to areas where gu rain performed better and to neighboring woredas in the same

zone, while some others moved to Oromia region in search of pasture and water and this kind of

livestock movements is normal compared to bad seasons.

Korahe: The condition of pasture in Korahe Zone is good at the moment. These resources might deplete

as the hagaa season progresses. The possibility of internal livestock migration during the hagaa period

may continue in search of better pasture in areas with good gu rains. The available resources of pasture

may also deplete if the influx of livestock searching for pasture from other zones continue

The body condition of livestock is good throughout the Zone. There is no epidemic as far as livestock

health is concerned except seasonal diseases such external and internal parasites.

Warder: The condition of pasture in many areas of Warder zone is good at the moment although there

are areas where pasture is limited because of poor rains. The availability of pasture may diminish quickly

as livestock in areas with poor gu rains have already migrated to areas with improved pasture. This

means that mobility of livestock within woredas in Warder zone will be evident as we approach the dyer

rainy season. As a result, there is no fear of livestock death in warder zone because of lack of pasture.

The level of pasture available in Warder zone may sustain the current herds for the coming three

months as the size of herds has reduced owing to successive drought in previous years. Alarming

shortages in pasture may not be experienced in many parts of Warder zone, as the majority of livestock

is a combination of camel and shoats who can both depend on browse unlike cattle and sheep.

The body condition of livestock is good throughout the Zone. No livestock disease of epidemic nature is

noticed or reported in all woredas of Warder.

CROP CONDITIONS

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Crop production in the region comprises of fewer portion of the population accounting for less than

twenty present. Areas under crop production are categorized as agro-pastoral, sedentary and riverine

livelihood zones. Crop production is unlikely for the agro-pastoral zones due to the erratic nature of the

current gu. However, the agro-pastoral woredas of Jijiga and Shinile have the opportunity to plant short

cycle crops provided the karan rains (July-August) start on time and sufficient. For the agro-pastoralists

in the south, this gu is a lost season due to its erratic spatial and temporal distribution of the rains and

the long dry spells between the rainy days.

Smaller area of agro-pastoral and sedentary farms in Jijiga zone are planted with long cycle crops this

season and majority of the plots were under preparation for short cycle crops next season. However,

increased tractor rent per hour this year(from 120 to 250 birr) has affected middle and better off

families in Jijiga, Awbere, K/beyah and Gursum districts and timely land preparation is not fully

underway.

On top of the limited flood, the riverine farmers are facing multiple constraints this season. On the one

hand, lack of market for last season produce like vegetables has discouraged most farmers. In addition

rising fuel prices are making the use of pumps an affordable. Hence very insignificant amount of crops

are expected from this farms.

Generally, therefore, the prospect for crop production this season is nil or insignificant which also affects

the local cereal and staple food availability and consequently the food security of the people.

MARKET CONDITIONS

The impact of the previous droughts intertwined with high rates of off-take to cope with cereal and

other non-food prices lead to shrinking down of household assets, particularly livestock in the Somali

region. On top of this, restriction on cross-border commercial and livestock trade movement also

influenced food stock availability and prices.

Staple food availability is much below normal and prices are increasing as supplies are constrained by

such restrictions. Similar to last gu season of 2011, there is no significant local harvest expected during

July to September 2012, and prices are expected to increase from the current level.

Although livestock body conditions are reasonably good in all the region, the volume of cattle and shoat

presented for sale is declining which will eventually raise the price of livestock at local market. Current

prices for both breeding and slaughter stock are higher compared to the long term mean. Livestock

prices increased slightly as compared to the last three month of the Jilaal and anticipated to increase

especially for shoats during the fasting season of Ramadan. However as the hagaa season progresses,

livestock body condition declines and consequently prices will drop down.

Currently price in cereal markets is stable in most markets. However, price for imported food items like

sugar and rice are higher than both the long term mean and that of the previous year.

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As a result of these, the purchasing power of the poor and middle wealth groups are expected to decline

significantly in the next six months of 2012, if sufficient relief assistance is not sustained for recovery

purpose.

Cereal availability and prices

The availability of stable food is poor due to lack of crop production and cross border commercial

movement restrictions by customs authority. There are supply shortages and may lead to sharp price

rises causing distress to the vulnerable groups in the region.

The only source of stable food in the entire zones is relief or PSNP food distributions which are

considerably alleviating the existing food shortage in the region. Prices of imported food commodities

are very high in remote areas compared to town markets as licensed traders that were supposed to

supply imported food to these areas -according to government, are currently not doing so and only

supplying to central towns of zones failing to deliver to the community living in the hinterlands. This has

resulted in high price rate which is beyond purchasing power of the poor community in the inaccessible

locations.

Relief wheat is the only widely available cereal in all markets and local cereals are absent. Price of relief

wheat in the last three months has highly declined up to less than 100 birr per 50 kg in some of the

zones like Gode and Degahbur. However the decrease in relief wheat price is not expected to stay long.

This is due to its association with the period of distribution on the one hand and the limited distribution

rounds remaining for PSNP resources on the other. Prices of imported food items like rice remained

stable starting from Feburary and March 2012 for most markets as a result of the relative ease of

restrictions. However, these benefits are confined to the major urban centers, not to pastoralists in the

remote hinterlands.

Price trends for Relief- Wheat 50kg (June ’11 to May ’12)

Livestock trade and prices

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Jijiga

Shinile

Degahbur

Gode

Fiq

Liban

Afder

Korahe

Warder

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Livestock price has increased significantly compared to the long term average. However market

accessibility remained a critical problem and people are still forced to travel 2 to 3 days to reach

markets. This has been the case for most districts of the region including Shinile zone. The price trend

has shown a gradual increase for the last one year (June ’11 – May ’12) for all the main markets in the

region. The prise of average local shoat for example has raised from birr 300 to 600 in the months of

June-July 2011 to birr 600 to 1000 during February to May 2012 – an increase from 65 to 100 percent.

Price trend for Shoat-local slaughter (June ’11 to May ’12)

Terms of Trade (ToT)

Terms of trade was favorable for the pastoralists in areas of better access and supply of cereals.

Exceptions are the remote pastoral areas. In the coming season, pastoralists would likely increase the

number of animals they supply to the market despite the low external demand and the decreasing price

of livestock and in contrary increasing price of stable food will negatively affect purchasing power of

households who mainly depend on livestock and livestock products.

The following graph shows the trends in terms of trade at zone markets. The terms of trade is measured

by kilogram of relief wheat, which is widely available in all markets, per average shoat for local slaughter

during the course of the year. The price of relief wheat, as shown in the first graph above, was declining

for most zones starting from February and March 2012. Relief wheat price highly dropped in May

reaching 100, 90 and 70 birr per 50kg for Fiq, degahbur and Gode respectively. It has reached medium

level for Afder, Korahe and Warder but remained high for Jijiga, Shinila and Laban zones. The high price

in the first two zones is attributed to the competing demand from flour mills and urban centers, while

that of Liban is the result of growing demand for food from the refugee and IDP community and the

imposed restrictions on importation of food items from Somalia.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Jijiga

Shinile

Degahbur

Gode

Fiq

Liban

Afder

Korahe

Warder

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The price of Shoats has also increased for all zones except for Gode and Afder where it remained stable.

Hence the term of trade improved accordingly, but at varying levels as it is based on the prices of

livestock visa-vi available staple food. This ho

Trends in ToT – kg relief wheat per shoat (June ’11 to May ’12)

OTHER SOURCES OF INCOME

The major income sources for the pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in the Somali region are

livestock and livestock products. Apart from this, poor households benefit from various income sources

such as: camel rent for transportation, labor (agricultural, causal and migratory), forest product sales

(poles, firewood and charcoal, gums, etc.). Most of this income sources are currently not viable income

sources for various reasons. For example, camel rent, which was a viable income source for pastoralists

in Shinile and the bordering areas, has ceased to exist with the ban on contraband trade. Labor income

is also dependent on the performance of agriculture in the farming areas, while migratory labor

particularly to neighboring countries is declining. Income from forest products is also declining either

due to restrictions on charcoal burning and firewood sales or from the increased distances travelled

firewood collection as a result of exhaustion of nearby resources. Hence, the current viable income

sources for the people of the region are livestock and livestock products which are also highly

susceptible to seasonal rainfall performances.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Jijiga

Shinile

Degahbur

Gode

Fiq

Liban

Afder

Korahe

Warder

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FOOD SECURITY PROSPECTS: For July to December 2012

While food security situation in most of the Somali region have slightly improved since the last deyr

season, recovery from the previous consecutive dry season shocks has been tenuous. The prospects for

stable or increased livestock prices are promising, whereas the current cereal price trend is highly fragile

since it is mainly determined by food aid distribution. Milk production is currently declining and

expected to improve after 2 to 4 months’ time provided the next karan and deyr seasons are normal.

Crop harvest is not expected from the agro-pastoral and sedentary areas of Jijiga and the agro-pastoral

areas of the south as a result of the erratic nature of gu season rains. The riverine areas may harvest

very little cereals and vegetables in the next two to three months. On the other hand, restrictions on

cross-border commercial and livestock trade movement also influenced food stock availability and

prices. Livestock value is also expected to decrease during the hagaa season which is normal at this time

of the year, because of the deterioration of body conditiond lowering down of demand.

Hence, limited flow of goods internally and across the border, failure of local cereal production and

increased demand for food purchase under poor livestock production would causes an increase in the

prices of food items. As a result, in the coming six months the purchasing power of the poor and middle

households is expected to decline significantly since there is no crop production and livestock price will

likely decrease further during hagaa.

Therefore, food availability and accessibility generally remains poor. Poor pastoral and urban groups

suffer from the worst effects of the food inflation and will be less able to purchase these goods to fulfill

their food needs. In this regard, the local food security situation of the entire region will not change in

the near future. Food aid will continue to be required for the remaining period of the year 2012 in a

quantity that is not less than the requirements set for the first six months of the year.

Similarly, Labor opportunities have totally vanished due to the failure of crop production which has been

the main source of demand. The only opportunity foreseeable in some woredas is participation on road

construction and individual private houses constructions that could accommodate small number of

unemployed people in this woredas. The high number of unemployment has also resulted in reduced

payment or wage rate.

This implies that, the current food insecurity is expected to persist throughout the region. Shinile zone

will remain the worst affected followed by the southern districts of Gode, Dolobay of Afder,and Dolo

Ado of Liban. Improvements are expected provided the performance of the upcoming seasons is good,

i.e., karan (Jul-Sep) for Jijiga and deyr (Oct-Nov) for most parts of the southern seven zones.

The analysis of the current Gu 2012 needs assessment data using HEA/LIAS indicates that an estimated

1.6 million people need assistance in the Somali region for the coming four to six months - from July to

December 2012.

On top of this, the critical water and pasture shortage areas need additional non-food assistance (see

Annex 1-4).

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PART II – Human Health and Nutrition, Education, WASH and Agriculture

Annex 1

Human Health and Nutrition

Most of the districts of the region have received good GU’ rains. During this GU’ need assessment there

was no outbreak of diseases in all districts of the region. As reported by majority of districts, all forms of

diarrhea, malaria, upper tract respiratory infection, pneumonia and measles are the five top morbidity

diseases. Since floods occurred in Riverine districts, mosquitos’ population has tremendously increased

due to breeding sites increment. 676, 3094, 434 and 2357 cases of malaria reported in Shinile, Liban,

and Afder and Gode zones respectively. The coverage of LLIN distribution is more than 80% to all

districts, while IRS is around 67%. Most of the districts visited have reported to have sufficient malaria

treatment drugs. While outbreak of malaria is imminent at any time of the coming six months districts

expected to effectively respond any malaria outbreak. Management of severe malaria cases will be

difficult if proper drugs for managing the cases not made available before outbreak starts. The utmost

needed drugs for sever malaria case management are-

1) Chloroquine ( Injection and Tablets)

2) Quinine ( Injection and Tablets)

3) Artimetherine ( Injection and Tablets)

These drugs are not available neither the districts health facilities nor the SRHB central stores.

Reports of measles outbreak in the months between January to May, 2012 has been reported by all

Shinile zone districts, D/Adow, Barey, Hargelle, Bokh, Warder, Mersin districts and Gode zone.

No outbreak of diarrhea reported from all districts except Dagahbour and Gunagade districts, which had

AWD outbreak started on March until May 2012. This disease has affected large population in

Dagahbour town and the surrounding kabeles. However, it was later controlled with the help of SRHB,

WHO, UNICEF and MSF-Spain. The main cause of the epidemic reported to be lack safe drinking water,

poor sanitation and hygiene. Although the spread of the disease has been effectively contained, it is

highly likely that the problem might recur as long as the root causes not addressed. There are 26 MHNT

for different 25 woredas in the region, which UNICEF fully supported; this teams were mainly

responsible management of sever acute malnutrition, Emergency response, EPI services, Referral,

reproductive Health services. Their intervention in the health service of the region helped to reduce the

burden of mal health and nutrition service of the pastorals.

Majority of the population living in the region are pastorals. Their main source of nutrition is milk and

meat from their livestock. The main producer of the milk is the camel. Because of the recurrent droughts

for the last three years, this GU’ season she camel conceived pregnancy. Therefore, milk production has

drastically reduced and majority of the districts milk is not available. This condition reflects the increase

of malnutrition in majority of the districts. The matter has worsened when humanitarian organizations

in some districts of some zones like Liban and Shinile did no response due to their program phase-out.

15

Although nutrition projects improved, increased number of OTPs and SCs through CMAM, fixed health

facilities and mobile teams projects yet most of the OTPs and SCs services were very weak and suffered

very muck shortage of all supplies. In addition to this, a quarter of all functioning health institutions in

the region closed due to lack of drugs, equipment and professional staff or combination of these. The

risk and aggravating factors such as very low milk production, long dry Hagaag season ahead, poor

sanitation/hygiene, poor and limited functional health institutions, increased incident and outbreaks of

notifiable diseases, the nutrition situation is likely to deteriorate in the coming months.

Recommendations:-

- In the presence of the above mentioned conditions and risk factors together with the

alienating situation of the pastoral communities in some districts like those in Shinile zone due

to the prolonged drought, health emergencies is more likely to occur sooner or later unless an

appropriate coordinated measures are taken.

- In order districts to tackle any possible health emergencies, there should be immediate

prepositioning of emergency drugs, equipment, materials and supplies (CTCs) to all districts.

- Nutrition programs in all districts should be strengthened and strict supervision done to all

INGOs working in the region.

- Disease surveillance should be strengthened and supportive supervision provided to all

institutions.

- All health professionals should be trained for notifiable diseases case management.

- Guidelines and treatment protocols should be provided to all DHOs and health institutions.

- The regional government should invite more NGOs to provide health care services in the newly

formed districts to fill the existing gaps in need.

- SRHB and district administrations should take corrective measures for reactivating and making

functional to all institutions that are presently not functioning. They should jointly provide

drugs, equipment and staff to all closed health institutions or invite competent NGOs to assist in

running the health facilities so that health assistance provided to the affected population.

- MHNT should be Continuous to support vulnerable groups in the region particularly women and

Children.

- SRHB requests all donor agencies and FMOH to support the above-mentioned drugs for severe

malaria case management. These drugs are very important for saving lives.

Annex 2 EDUCATION In Somali Region, there are about 1182 formal and 1604 informal (ABE) schools with a total student of

777,431 out of which 42% are girls and 58% boys. Zonal reports of Gu 2012 assessment indicates Shinile

zone to have the lowest (5% ) number of students in the Region of which 40% and 10% of formal and

ABE students have dropped out due to existing severe drought in the zone.

Enrolment has improved in general due to WFP School feeding program that encouraged parents to

allow children to go to school particularly girls resulting substantial drop in school dropout throughout

16

the region. However, there are instance where students are observed to be moving from their schools

without school feeding to schools with feeding in Kenyan side of the border. For example about 575

registered students from Moyale town moved to Moyale Kenyan due to their preference to school

feeding and quality of education that is highly preferred. Except drought affected woredas of Shinile

zone, 16 additional formal and 22 ABE schools in Wardher, Afder, Gode Liban and Dagahbur zones. are

currently closed due to lack of water and existence of clan conflict respectively affecting about 10,450

students. Similarly, a total 15 formal and 25 ABE schools are partially closed in Danan, Adadle and

Hargelle woredas of Gode and Afder zone respectively due to prevailing drought that affected about 914

students of which 480 (33.5%) are female.

Table 4: School Enrolment in Warder and Korahey Zones in 2011/12 (2004 E.C)

Formal ABE

Total

2012

Total

2011 % Increase

Bokh 15,349 11,814 27,163 20,645 24

Danot 6,697 5,851 12,548 8,475 32

Deratoole 0 70 0 70 -100

Galadi 13,084 7,603 20,687 18,627 10

Warder 8,500 5,291 13,791 12,218 11

Total 43,630 30,629 74,189 60,035 19

No Wereda School Enrolment in 2012 (204 E.C)

by type of system

Total

enrolment

in 2010/11

Percentage

increase

against

2011 level

of

enrollment

Formal ABE Total

1 Dobewain 10,361 4,312 14,673 9,203 59.4

2 Kebridehar 14,871 1,540 16,411 21,864 (24.9)

3 Mersin 2,800 417 3,217 - -

4 Shekosh 5,316 4,088 9,404 6,032 55.9

5 Shilabo 6,884 4,377 11,261 8,349 34.9

40,232 14,734 54,966 45,448 20.9

Partially closed schools are mostly those whose corrugated iron sheets are blown by strong winds. Due

to poor quality of schools constructed in remote areas where engineering supervision is difficult,

contractors mostly compromise on the quality of such buildings which put risk on students particularly

17

when wind blows roofs while students are in classrooms. In addition to this, teachers in remote areas of

Somali Region lack all sorts of motivation including been left out for refresher training provided for

those in woreda towns. Most of the school classrooms and staff offices lack basic chairs, desks and other

office equipment. Schools also lack proper fencing, basic water facilities, logistic means for emergency

transportation and first aid equipment in case of student/teachers injuries. These factors intertwined

together lead to low quality education in schools and discouraged parents to send the daughters to

schools.

For instance, one good example of poorly constructed school in remote parts of the region is Lemi mid-

level primary schools in Lemi kebele of Hudet woreda of Liban zone. Part of the school’s roof was blown

up by wind and the septic tank of the school toilet collapsed entirely before it was opened for use (see

picture above). In addition to this, dissatisfaction in the quality of education in Somali Region is also an

issue that were generally observed by all assessment teams in different zones of the region. In Moyale

woreda for instance, where student have opportunities to study in Oromia schools or in Kenyan side of

the border, significant shift of student is observed. About 787 student of which 730 boys and 57 girls

from Somali region also currently study in Oromia schools while 140 students of which 107 boys and 32

girls are also regular student in Moyale side of Kenya. This is therefore an indication of the level of

dissatisfaction to parents on the quality of education by Regional Education Bureau.

Most schools in Somali region have neither water facilities nor latrines and few schools have Birkads and un-separated latrines for girls and boys. Lack of water affected almost all ABE schools in Somali Region. Such situation has affected the teaching and learning process and needs to be addressed.

The shortage in student desks has in many instances forced students to sit on sandy floor thereby

causing serious health hazard to the students and affect also the teaching and learning process. The

need for the replacement of blackboards in many schools should also be considered in conjunction with

need for adequate student desks/furniture.

All woreda education offices have shown a great concern about the sustainability of ABE system due to

the socio-economy and livelihood nature of the community in conjunction with recurring droughts that

causes school drop-outs.

Recommendations

For education cluster to achieve intended objectives, school feeding program within the pastoral areas

should be expanded. Above all, Woreda officials should also conduct extensive community awareness

and sensitization on the benefits of education. Officials to also emphasize the importance of transport

logistics to supervisors on monthly bases. Thus, the supervision has to be vigorous so that key challenges

are identified and appropriate solution to education constraints implemented on time. The assessment

team has realized that needs in this regard should be strengthened as much as possible through the

deployment of trained inspectors with feedbacks and recommendations shared with local authorities

and Education Bureau/office on time.

Annex 3

18

WASH

Gu rains have been ranged to below to near normal, with poor distribution and coverage in most parts

of Shinile and pocket woredas of Gode, Afder, Liban, Warder, Korahey and Dagahbour zones. However,

water availability improved for areas that received good rains in the month of April and May 2012 while

severe drought condition continue to loom in most parts of Shinile zone creating critical water shortages

both for human and livestock. Seasonal assessment team noted similarities in most of the problems

faced by water sources of the region. The teams also noted limited sustainable water sources of which

most lack proper management, regular maintenance and rehabilitation and most importantly lack of

trained and dedicated water technicians at local level.

Ordinary observation on the inventory of water sources at woreda and zonal levels give a false

impression on water availability to different woredas of Somali Region while close look into the number

of functional and non-functional water sources, the quality and duration of water availability gives

different realities. Most common water sources in the region includes boreholes, shallow wells, hand

dug wells, birkas, river intakes, haffir dams and traditional ponds. Except deep motorized deep

boreholes and shallow wells, the rest of water sources depend on surface water run-off for

replenishment. Thus, seasonal rain failure has direct implications on water availability in most run-off

dependent woredas of the region except those along permanent rivers. Thus emergency water

intervention will be most like required from mid-July 2012 for most areas in Warder, Korahey, Gode,

Afder and Liban zones with the exception of Shinile zone which is already under chronic emergency

water shortage and water been truck to most of it woredas.

For instance, Dagahbour woreda mostly depended on water run-offs from Fafan and Jarar valleys that

replenish birkas and shallow wells along the two valleys while waters in Haffir dams seasonally depend

on the performance of rainfalls for harnessing sufficient volumes of water. The gu assessment team

noted 11 Haffir dams in the zone to have accumulated sufficient water during the season while 10 out

24 boreholes in the zone to have been abundant due to low yield and excessive salinity of waters. Thus,

accumulation of sufficient water in Birkas and Haffir dam is expected to relieve stress from the

remaining bore holes during the next Hagaa (July to September) season; if pastoral migration does not

occur before the next rainy season. Therefore there is no water shortage anticipated for the coming

months in the zone.

In Jijiga zone, although the zone is expected to receive Karen (July to September) unlike seven southern

zones of Somali Region, critical water shortages are noted in different woredas of the zone due to

erratic performance of the Gu rains. Existing water shortages is exacerbated by poor rehabilitation and

maintenance of the existing boreholes and other water sources. For example in Awbare Woreda, out of

28 boreholes, 4 are not functional due minor maintenance problems on pump and filter. While the

existing 20 out of 87 hand dug wells in the woreda are non-functional due to similar problems. Similarly,

Harshin, Tuli-Guled, Babile and Birka dependent areas of Jijiga face critical water shortage due to non-

functionality of water sources particularly motorized boreholes and shallow wells while birka dependent

areas face critical hygiene and sanitation problems as impurities collected by early Gu season run-off

contaminated birka waters.

19

Shinile zone is generally considered under severe drought. Most of water sources have dried up and

there has been no sufficient water run-off from valleys that originate in highland areas which usually

replenished birkas, traditional ponds and hand dug wells during the season. This resulted community to

depend on water trucking interventions that had been ongoing in six woreda of the zone. Excessive

livestock migration with sporadic resource based conflict in areas along migration routes with high

livestock morbidity are noted during the assessment. Sanitation & hygiene of the community in Shinile

zone rated to be very poor due to lack of water and basic sanitation facilities.

In Liban zone, Gu rains entirely replenished traditional water sources of all five of the six woreda of the

zone except Dolo Ado Woreda. However, the team noted limited sources of water in the zone to be the

main reason that leads to early shortages even when good rainfall is received in most of the Woredas.

Additional burdens are shouldered by Woredas neighboring Kenya and Somalia that usually share their

limited water resources with migrating pastoral population from these countries. Most of the water

sources particularly, shallow wells and birkas were not rehabilitated before the gu rains and possibilities

of harvesting sufficient runoff for future use has not been possible. Moyale town is from El-Gof kebele

while the water supply office, scheme rehabilitation, maintenance and water supply is managed by the

administration of Oromia region in Moyale town which created sensitivity over water usage for the

communities in Somali Region side of the town.

River dependent woreda of Afder, Gode and Liban zones have relative water available but with limited

portability as high level of torpidity make river waters unusable directly. The water of River Weyb is

observed to be very low for the second year after been dammed in upper stream around Sofi Omar.

Future dependency of Weyb River by Hargelle, Charati, West-imey, Raso and dolo-bay as sources of

drinking water will jeopardize on town water supply schemes and resettlement programs that planned

Weyb Rivers as the main source of water and livelihoods.

Similarly, inadequate access to safe drinking water in Gode zones exposes communities to frequent

water borne diseases. River intakes in East and West Emays, Gode, Kalafo and Muztahil are not

functional and the population of these major towns depends on donkey carts to fetch water from the

rivers. Consequently, poor hygiene and sanitation practices are also major challenges. Valleys which

serve as main water sources that replenish traditional pond, hand dug wells and Birkas are uses as

defecation sites by villagers when dry while main water sources during rainy seasons. This has lead to

increased cases of waterborne diseases in Gode and Korahey zones.

Water sources are expected to deplete as we approach the next Dyer rains in most parts of Somali

Region. Most of areas with potential water shortages are concentrated in Birka depend areas where

there are no motorized boreholes as alternative source of water. Therefore, water shortages are

expected starting mid – July and water needs to be delivered through water tankering operations.

According to estimates, some 25% of the regional population in 45 will need water delivery starting Mid-

July 2012 for a period of 3 months until the next Dyer rains start.

Recommendations

20

In order to ensure coordinated delivery of water to people facing water shortages particularly in Shinile zone, it is suggested that the productive operations of functional boreholes be ensured and non – functional boreholes with mechanical problems be repaired in advance.

Adequate trucks with tankers of minimum capacity of 10,000 liters to be deployed by the regional DPPB for water trucking activities in Shinile and IDPs areas in Filtu, Deqa-suftu, Hudet, Mubarak and Moyale Woreda for an initial period of 1-2 months. It is strongly suggested that the deployment of the water tankers be made with clearly defined tasks with effective monitoring system, with strong contract management and reporting. Due attention be also given to the need for undertaking proper hygiene and sanitation during the tankering operations and water distribution.

It is also suggested that competent implementing partners be selected for the water trucking operations and their engagement be based on signed project agreements with clearly defined implementation procedures and reporting requirements. The intervention of water trucking should be followed by medium and long term interventions in shallow well development, repair of motorized boreholes, initiating viable rain water harvesting techniques through developing Super-Birkas and promotion of hygiene and sanitation to initiate community total led sanitation and hygiene (CLTSH).

A detailed emergency response plan be drawn up to deliver water for population that are likely to face water shortages after mid – July 2012 through tankering operations in all water hot sport Woredas of the region considering rehabilitating non-functional Hand Dug Wells, Birka and Boreholes should be given due attention in order to increase portable water supply coverage to the community.

Western Awbare and Darami of Tuliguled and Harshin district are expected to be in emergency water needs by end of June if Karan rain will not started on time and establish standby system for the acute water problem areas of Barey, Raso, Dolo Ado and Dolo bay woredas of Afder and Liban zones.

Regional water bureau to deploy a team of water engineers and a manager who should take over Moyale water supply from Oromia administration in the town. The bureau should also permanently based qualified water technicians in Moyale with strong logistical support to supervise and monitor the working conditions of El-Gof boreholes to ensure continuous water supply provided to residence of Moyale town particularly Somali Region communities.

Regional Water Bureau together with Regional Health and Education bureaus to initiate projects that gives due attention to alternative water development for basic service providing facilities such as health facilities and schools. Installation of roof water harvesting facilities for each health and school of the zone will alleviate water problems at public service providing facilities,

The regional water bureau to focus in developing new boreholes for areas that have ground water potentials such as Dolo Ado, Deka-Suftu and Hudet Woredas while considering haffir dams for where Borehole drilling is not possible,

With the support of Regional Water Bureau, Woreda water offices to be staffed with water technicians and staff members with water management knowledge and experiences at Woreda level so that water schemes are timely rehabilitated and available waters used wisely.

For better water source utilization it is important that the Regional water Establish of WASHCOs and train them.

Capacity building for Woreda water office technical staff

Regional Water Bureau to conduct geophysical study for Aware, Gashamo, Degahmadow, and Gunagadow Woredas to determine the ground water potential sites in the above mentioned Woredas.

21

Tables

Table 1: list and statues of major water sources in D/bour, zone

Woreda TOTAL Abandoned Viable nf-BH f-BH

Degahamedo 2 1 1 0 1

Degahabur 15 3 12 2 10

Aware 4 4 0 0 0

Gashamo 1 1 0 0 0

Gunagudo 2 1 1 0 1

Total 24 10 14 2 12

Abandoned= Abandoned for BH failure, Viable= usable Bh, nf-BH= non- functional BH, f-BH= functional

BH

Table2: Water coverage, function and non-functional and level of damage in shinlile

Woreda Water supply coverage

# of functional and unfunctional water supply schemes and under construction respectively

Type/level of damage Remarks

Shinile 59.4% 13 4 Generators and water expansions related systems

Geophysical problems also are part of problems

Dambel 64.2% 14+8 3 >> -

Ayisha 66% 10 3 Generator, water expansions and drought

Geophysical and dried of water schemes are main problems

Erer 44.5% 5 6 Generator, water expansions and drought

Geophysical, dried of water schemes and especially flooded are main problem

Afdam 32% 7+1 5 Generators and water expansions system

Geophysical are main problems

Table 3. Existing boreholes in Warder Zone (June 2012 update)

No Wereda Existing Boreholes in Warder Zone – by Wereda

Remarks

Functional Non - functional

Total

1 Bokh 6 1 7 The defective borehole is

22

located in Bokh Township. See table – below for the faults with the borehole with recommendations.

2 Danot Nil Nil Nil No borehole in the whole Wereda

3 Deradtolle Nil Nil Nil No borehole in the entire Wereda

4 Geladi 5 2 7 Defective boreholes are at Geladi town and Yayolah village. See details in table – below.

5 Warder 5 2 7 The defective boreholes are located at Walwal & Baliaad villages. See details in table – below.

Sub – Total 16 5 21

Table4: Motorized Boreholes in Warder Zone that need Repair/maintenance

No Name of Borehole

Location(Wereda) Faults reported

1 Bokh Bokh

2 Geladi Town Geladi

3 Yayolah Geladi

4 Walwal – 1 Warder

5 Baliaad Warder

Table 5: Existing boreholes in Korahe Zone (June 2012 update)

No Wereda Existing Boreholes in Warder Zone –

by Wereda

Remarks

Functional Non -

functional

Total

1 Dobewain 2 2 4 All boreholes at Jidale

village

2 Kebridehar 7 3 10

3 Mersin (New - - - Crew from the RWB

23

Wereda) drilling new boreholes

4 Shekosh 4 - 4

5 Shilabo 3 3 6

Sub – Total 16 8 24

Summary of Hot spot Districts for Emergency Water trucking

Table:6

No Zone Woreda No. of Kebeles Population

Proposed starting date of water trucking

1 Liban Dolo-Ado 17 30,140 Beginning of July 2012

2 Liban Filtu 16 18,965 Mid July 2012

3 Liban Hudet 9 16,550 Between July and August 2012

4 Liban Mubarak 7 10,992 Mid August 2012

5 Liban Moyale 12 42,859 Early September 2012

6 Liban Deka-Suftu 3 3,400 Early September 2012

Total population 122,906

Table:7

No Zone Woreda No. of Kebeles Population

Proposed starting date of water trucking

1 Afder Barey 8 Beginning of August 2012

2 Dolobay 6 Beginning of August 2012

3

West Imey 3 Beginning of Sept 2012

4 Raso 1town On going

5

Hargelle 4 Beginning of Sept 2012

6 Charati 8 Beginning of Sept 2012

7 Guredamole 4 Beginning of August 2012

8 Gurebaqaqsa 5 Sept 2012

Total population

Table:8

24

No Zone Woreda No. of Kebeles Population

Proposed starting date of water trucking

1 Warder Warder 12 57000 Beginning of Sep 2012

2 Bokh 7 32500 Beginning of Sept 2012

3

Danod 6 20100 Beginning of Sept 2012

4 Daratole 5 44500 Mid of August

5

Galadi 12 71000 Beginning of Sept 2012

Korahey zone

Dobewain 3 15,000 Mid - July

Kebridehar 8 28,300 Mid - July

Mersin 5 29,000 Mid - July

Shekosh 9 14,900 Mid - July

Shilabo 8 79,500 Mid - July

Total population

Table:9: Shinile zone

No Zone Woreda No. of Kebeles

Population

Proposed starting date of water trucking

1 Shinile Shinile Ongoing

2 Erer Ongoing

3

Hadagalle Ongoing

4 Ayisha Ongoing

5

Afdem Beginning of Sept 2012

Miso Beginning of Sept 2012

Dembel Beginning of Sept 2012

JIGJIGA{It depends the performance for karan rainfall }

Babile 4 15,000 Early - Sept

Jigjiga 8 30,300 Early - Sept

25

Kabribayah 8 28900 Early - Sept

Awbare 9 34000 Early - Sept

Harshin 10 22000 Early - August

Total population

Table:10: Gode and Fik zones

No Zone Woreda No. of Kebeles Population

Proposed starting date of water trucking

1 Fik Mayumulako 3 Mid of August

2 Salahad Beginning of Sept 2012

3

Qubi Mid of August

4 Fik 5 Mid of August

5

Hamero 2 Beginning of Sept 2012

Garbo 7 Beginning of Sept 2012

Sagag Beginning of Sept 2012

Duhun Beginning of Sept 2012

Gode zone

Adadle 7 15,000 Beginning of Sept 2012

Belanado 3 8,300 Beginning of Sept 2012

Danan 9 19,000 Mid - August

Gode 4 14,900 Beginning of Sept 2012

Total population

26

Annex 4: Agriculture

GU/BULG 2012 CROP PRODUCTION PROSPECTS

PLANTED AREA AND TIMELINESS OF PLANTING

Generally, there was total rainfall failure to plant crops in all Agro-pastoralist areas of Gode Zone with

flood water in Kelafo, Mustahil and Ferfer Riverine livelihoods. In Berano new woreda an estimated

3500 Ha of irrigation land was left fallow due to silting up of the main West Gode irrigation canal.

High input costs including fuel at 22ETB/Lit in Gode & Adadle and 26-30 ETB/Lit in Kelafo, Mustahil and

Ferfer has left idle many diesel irrigation pumps in Shebelle Riverine livelihood during the current

season. Generally, the crops planted in GU /Bulg season in Gode zone is very low compared to normal

year. In Gode and Adadle some farmers planted onion while in Kelafo, Mustahil and Ferfer Woredas

Onion and sesame crops was observed. In Gode zone, effort by the government is underway to plant

more land in support of the resettlement program through basin development where input consisting of

crop & forage seeds, farm tools and pest sides have been supplied by regional LCRDB to all targeted

Woredas.

Riverine farmers planted again their plots where flood water recessed at the second time benefiting soil

moisture and plants are at knee stages. In addition to that Afder agro-pastoralists planting time for crops

is at the very beginning of April & crop planting was little bit delayed due to late onset of the rain and

first rain was received after mid April with early cessation. However, the rain fed farms is much below

normal in this season compared to the normal year, due to the early cessation and shortage of improved

seeds. The maturity of crops was also affected by insufficient of soil moisture content and plant started

wilting in some pocket areas as team observed.

Due to limited rains in Dolo Ado, rain fed crops are entirely not planted while crops grown by Agro-

pastoral communities in Filtu and Moyale woredas got stunted due to long dry spells. Seeds sawed by

flood rescission dependent communities particularly those in Dolo Ado side of the river failed to

germinate due to sand soil covering the topsoil. In Sade kebele of Dolo Ado woreda alone, 15 mango

trees were washed while 7000quintals of Mango fruits damaged by the floods.

The cultivation is much below normal in Jijiga zone woredas & almost half of the planting land were left

behind and the cultivated land remained without sowing seed this has shown a high decline of planting

area due shortage of the rain and shifting of long term crops (sorghum and maize) to the short term

crops (wheat and barley) which the farmers wants to postpone planting to the second season of (Karan).

7.2 CROP PRODUCTION PROSPECTS

27

Generally, due to high inputs costs and lack of market for the produce, cultivation of both cereal and

cash crops mostly discourages the farmers along the Shebelle River. In the current season only some

farmers who able to tackle with some of those challenges have cultivated Onion and Sesame in Gode,

Kelafo, Mustahil and Ferfer Woredas. Most of the Onion and Sesame crops observed in those Woredas

were at development stages. Although there were no insect pest and crop diseases out break in all

areas, grasshopper and termites and worms were some of the challenges of farmers along Shebelle

River mainly affecting onion, Sesame and cereal fields in Kelafo, Mustahil Ferfer, Gode and Beerano

Woredas. Generally, the prospects for crop harvest by far very poor due to Gu/Bulg rain failure, high

input cost of farm inputs.

Crop prospect is generally poor both agro-pastoral and riverine areas, in West Emey, Hargele, Jarrati,

Dolo bay and Raso riverine livelihoods have been devastated by mini floods, farmers have planted an

average cropping areas in the first flooding recession while some other utilized pump for small scale

irrigation but unfortunately, before crop maturity there was unexpected floods which highly affected for

all standing crops at riverine areas.

In Liban Zone, although communities have optimism to replant crops, actual re-cropping is constrained

by splitting of River Dawa in Sade kebele that created large swamp of water into irrigated farmlands

preventing accessibility to mango plantation and other crops along the river. In addition to this, there

are no sufficient seeds available in flood affected communities which will potentially lead them not to

recover from the loose. Therefore, farmers need immediate support for seeds and simple farm hand

tools.

Similarly, clan conflict in Mubarak and Deka Suftu new woredas disrupted crop production thus, no

significant grain harvest expected during the season. In addition to this, as the number of pastoral drop

out continually increase in the zone, agricultural practices tend to be the only viable alternative that can

cover food needs at household level

Generally, So the expectation of crop production is indicating failure or much below normal for the

reason of shortage rains and shifting of planting long term crops to short term, particularly the

sedentary areas of Tuliguled and Awbare woredas. In Shinille Zone, all crop growing areas have no good

shape and farmers have shown gloomy picture. In this year except some irrigation farms such as Erer

and Barak, no crop produce is expected and the crop yield will be too low.

Fik zone is predominantly pastoral area with very negligible farming and agro-pastoralist. However, the

few pocket areas in which some sort of farming takes place have hard hit by the failed Gu Seasonal

rainfall and as a result no hope for crop harvesting in all the ten woredas of the zone.

LIVESTOCK CONDITIONS

Pasture

In general the recent Gu rains have moderately improved the pasture condition in most parts of the

region although there are some areas which are starting to face critical conditions of pasture shortage

28

due to the poor performance or erratic distribution of these rains. In Shinile zone, where the rains

suffered not only from a considerable delay in onset but also early cessation, the overall condition is

alarming especially the pasture and browse condition was observed to be on the verge of depletion. This

situation has forced pastoralists in the zone to migrate with their livestock herds into neighbouring

woredas of Jijiga zone, namely Jijiga, Tuliguled, Gursum and Awbarre. Resource based conflict on

depleting pasture and water resource in the pastoral areas of Afdem and Meiso woreda were reported

and have had an implication on the deteriorating food security situation.

Poor pasture conditions also exist in Ferfer, Kelafo and Mustahil woredas of Gode Zone as well as

southern parts of Shilabo, south western parts of Dobewain, south and eastern parts of Shekosh, south

eastern parts of Kebridehar and parts of Mersin except Gabe - Gabo and Nus- Tarik of Korahey zone and

Dolo-ado woreda of Liban zone due to the below normal rainfall received in these areas.

In addition to these areas, there are pockets in every woreda in which pasture deterioration has set in,

consequently internal and within woreda migration of livestock herds is taking place in most of these

woredas. These livestock movements are anticipated to put the already dwindling pasture resources

under pressure leading to overgrazing and subsequently the resources might deplete prematurely.

Even though large scale external movements are yet to happen, areas harbouring refugee populations

are suffering from environmental degradation and competition for the existing meagre pasture

resources and in spite of the good rains received in these areas, the pasture condition was observed to

deteriorate due to the enormous pressure created by the refugee population. This is particularly

pronounced in Filtu woreda of Liban zone that has become home to thousands of internally displaced

pastoralists from Mubarak and Deka-suftu.

Livestock diseases prevalence

There are no major livestock disease outbreaks of epidemic proportion reported anywhere in the region

apart from seasonal and sporadic incidences of opportunistic and endemic diseases such as internal and

external parasitic infestation, pasterollosis and black leg. Suspected cases of PPR and CCPP have been

reported in few woredas in Afder zone and these needs to be verified through laboratory investigation

of samples collected from these areas.

In general the relatively good pasture condition, the limited movement of livestock and to some extent

the provision of limited veterinary services might be responsible for the absence or limited occurrence

of livestock diseases. But as the dry season progresses and the pasture resources diminish, it is likely

that the endemic diseases could flare up to epidemic proportions since the equilibrium of disease

dynamics shifts in favour of diseases when the resistance of animals wanes in response to the emerging

stressful conditions. In addition, large scale movement of herds, both internal and external, could take

place later in the dry season as the condition of pasture and water resources deplete thus leading to

intermingling of herds that will create a conducive environment for the occurrence and spread of

diseases of contagious nature.

29

Therefore, effective disease control strategies should be put in place in order to prevent and/or mitigate

the widespread occurrence of disease outbreaks. The situation should be monitored closely by

strengthening the disease surveillance system and reporting from the woredas. Currently, the

assessment revealed that most of the animal health infrastructures in the woreda are not functioning

because of lack of manpower and veterinary inputs, hence concerned bodies should give due attention

to this issue and support the woreda animal health facilities to perform veterinary service delivery and

also participate in the disease surveillance activities by producing the monthly disease outbreak and

vaccination reports on a regular basis.

Furthermore, in order to improve the veterinary service coverage in the woredas and to complement

the services provided by the woreda animal health facilities, it is imperative that the community animal

healthcare system and private veterinary pharmacies should be supported by the government

agriculture bureau and its stakeholders.

Livestock Body Conditions and their Productivity

The body condition of livestock shows a variation from one place to another depending on the

availability of feed resources, which is determined primarily by the performance of the recent GU

rainfall. Nevertheless, the general picture is normal and the physical condition of all species of livestock

is nearly normal in the majority of zones although there are exceptions, where significant deterioration

in the physical condition of different species of livestock was observed.

Shinile Zone has suffered from failures of successive rainy seasons in the past including the 2012 Gu

season which performed poorly and stopped early. This protracted dry situation has impacted on the

body condition of livestock of all species which appear emaciated from starvation and movement

related stress. Shinile is the only zone where all its constituent woredas are uniformly affected by poor

and devastated livestock body condition whereas in other areas a mixed pattern is visible as one can see

animals in good body condition in some woredas and slightly emaciated livestock in a nearby woreda. In

general, while the body condition of livestock looks normal in the majority of the remaining zones, there

are again some woredas where the animals have started weight loss and this situation is influenced by

the distribution of pasture and water availability. Kelafo, Mustahil and Ferfer woredas of Gode zone;

Dolo-ado woreda of Afder zone; Harshin and Kebribayah woreda of Jijiga zone and some pockets in

Afder zone are areas where slight reduction in the body condition of animals was noted.

Milk production remains below normal in most woredas due to a combination of factors like: poor birth

rates last year due to heavy abortion rates, drying up of late lactating animals and the fact that the

majority of camel and cattle populations have conceived around October 2011 and are thus expected to

start calving around the next Deyr rainy season in October and November of this year. It is worth noting

that the average herd size has declined due to the cumulative impact of previous droughts and

associated mortalities and off-takes, especially the latter one surged in the drought of last year as

pastoralists were forced to sell large number of animals to meet the food, feed and water requirements

of their families and herds. The reduction in the average livestock holding has also contributed to the

30

observed poor milk production, which is also reflected in the absence or poor availability of milk in

major town markets across the region.

Milk constitutes the major dietary food of pastoralist children below 5 years of age, hence the level of

malnutrition is likely to go up unless appropriate measures are implemented to assist poor and

vulnerable households.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Timely provision of agricultural inputs such as seeds & farm tools and fuel subsidy to farmers along the river banks and in rain-fed crop growing areas to support irrigated crop cultivation activities;

Strengthening the Woredas capacity in improving the animal health survive delivery & crop extension services is required.

Livestock treatment and vaccination against Trans-boundary Animal Diseases and opportunistic diseases should be implemented across all zones of the region.

Support should be given to community animal workers and private veterinary pharmacies in order to strengthen veterinary service delivery at the grass roots

Livestock disease surveillance should be strengthened by putting in place a strong disease reporting system that could enable immediate detection of emerging disease outbreaks.

Emergency livestock feed supply in worst affected areas of Shinile and Gode zones to protect core breeding assets of vulnerable households;

Irrigated forage production along Shebele, Dawa and Weyb riverbanks should be undertaken in order to tackle the problem of feed shortage in the long run.

Commercial de-stocking activities should be undertaken before livestock lose body weight substantially to improve household access to cash that can be used to cover essential household demands as well as to support early recovery.

Another important action that needs to be taken is the creation of market for livestock and credit facilities for local livestock traders to improve the purchasing power of the rural population.

Rehabilitation of water points that provide water for livestock such as ponds in some Woredas

Assist in environmental protection and rangeland management to mitigate risks from both man and natural causes.

Close Monitoring of over all Food Security Condition of the zone & timely information sharing. Emergency /Recovery Seed Requirement for the period July – December 2012

Region __Somali _ Zone __Gode , Afdere, Liban, Jijiga and Shinille _ Appropriate season __Deyr 2012 (

and Bulg/Gu 2013 for Jigjiga and Shinile only )

Woredas

# of target HH

Seed

type

Seed

variety

Area to

be

planted

(ha)

Amount

(qt)

Sowing

window

Delivery

time Male

headed

Female

Headed Total

31

Gode

2250

950

3200

Maize

Sesame

Sorghum

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

&2

Kelafo-74

Local

Improved

1600

180.20

October 2012

August

-mid Sept2012

Adadle

1200 400 1600

Maize

Sesame

Sorghum

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

&2

Kelafo-74

Local

Improved

800

90.05

October 2012 August –mid

Sept2012

Kelafo

1800 800 2,600

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

&2

Local Kelafo -

74

improved

Improved

1300

146.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Muztahil

1500 700 2,200

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

&2

Local Kelafo -

74

improved

Improved

1,100

123.15

October -2012 August

-mid Sept2012

32

Ferfer

1200 400 1600

Maize

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

Kelafo -74

Improved

Improved 800 90.05

March-April

2012

August

-mid Sept2012

Danan

450 300 850

Sorghum

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Local

Improved

425

50.05

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Beerano

1500 450 1950

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

grass

Melkasa-1

Local

Kelafo-74

improved

Improved

improved

975

109.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

East Emey

1600 600 2200

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

grass

Melkasa-1

Local

Kelafo-74

improved

Improved

1100

123.20

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

33

Sub Total 11500 4600 16,200 8,100 912

Afdere Zone

Hargele 900 400 1300

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Forage

Local

Kelafo -74

Improved

Improved

750

83.10

March-April

2012

August

-mid Sept2012

Cherati 1200 450 1650

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa

Local

Improved

Improved

825

91.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Dolobay 1200 400 1600

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

Melkasa-1

Local

Kelafo-74

improved

Improved

800

88.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Elkere

1200

400

1600

Sorghum

Barely

Forage

grass

Local

Local

Improved

800

88.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

34

West Emey 1500 450 1950

Maize

Sorghum

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

grass

Melkasa-1

Kelafo-74

improved

Improved

improved

975

107.15

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Sub Total

Liban Zone

Doloado 1200 600 1800

Maize

Sesame

Tomato

Pepper

Forage

grass

Katumani

Kelafo -74

Improved

Improved

900

98.20

March-April

2012

August

-mid Sept2012

Filtu 900 450 1350

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Katumani

Local

Improved 750 81.00

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Hudet 800 300 1100

Maize

Sorghum

Forage

grass

Katumani

Local

improved

Improved

550 60

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

35

Moyale 450 250 700

Sorghum

Local

350

40

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Dekasuftu 500 300 800

Sorghum

Wheat

Local

Improved

400

45

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Mubarak 450 250 700

Sorghum

Local

350

40

October 2012 August

-mid Sept2012

Subtotal 4300 2150 6450 3300 364.2

Jijiga Zone

Jijiga

2800

900 3700

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 1850 211

March -2013 December-2012

Gursum 1800 350 2150

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 1075 122

March -2013 December 2012

Awbare 2200 650 2850

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat Local 1425 161

March -2013 December 2012

36

Barley

Tuliguled 1400 450 1850

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 950 107

March -2013 December 2012

Sub Total 8200 2350 10550 5300 601

Shinille Zone

Erer 1400 350 1750

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 875 99

March -2013 December 2012

Messo 1300 300 1600

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 800 90

March -2013 December 2012

Barak 1200 250 1450

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 725 81

March -2013 December 2012

Dambal 950 300 1250

Maize

Sorghum

Wheat

Barley Local 625 69

August

-mid Sept2012

Sub total 4850 1200 6050 3025 339

Grand Total 34850 12400 47,350 23,875 2673.9

Emergency/Recovery Livestock HEALTH Requirements for the Period July – December 2012

Region: Somali Zone: All the nine Zones Date: June 21, 2012

37

Woreda

Number of beneficiaries in HH Livestock Type and amount of Vet-inputs needed

Species

Number

Vaccines Drugs Equipment

Type

Amount

Type

Amoun

t

Type

Amount

Male

headed

Female

Headed Total

Gode Zone

Gode

16,800

2300

19,100

Camel

Cattle

Shoats

Donkey

180,000

List

A&B, all

types of

vaccines

120,225

Albendzol

e2500ml,3

00ml,

antibiotics

,oxy-

20%%10%,

Diazinon,A

carside,Ive

rmectine

& wound

spray

50%

of

livesto

ck

-Treatment

syringes

Vaccine

syringes--

Treatment &

vac. needles,

-knapsack

sprayer, --

-hoftrimer,

-burdizo large

-burdizo small

60pcs,

60,pcs,

200dozen, 15pcs,

10pc,

10pcs,

20pcs

Adadle

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Kelafo

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Mustahil

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Ferfer

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Danan

7300 1200

8500 >> 110,000

>> 125,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Beerano

8500 3200

11700 >> 115,200

>> 100,800

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Total 68,100 15800

83,900 911,610 778,195

38

Afdere

Zone

Hargele

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Cherati

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Dolbay

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Elkere

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

West Emey

7300 1200

8500 >> 110,000

>> 125,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Bare

8500 3200

11700 >> 115,200

>> 100,800

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Liban Zone

Doloado

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Filtu

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Dekasuft

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Hudet

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Moyale

7300 1200

8500 >> 110,000

>> 125,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Mubarak

8500 3200

11700 >> 115,200

>> 100,800

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Jijiga Zone

Jijiga

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Harshin 9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300 >> 110,270 >> >> >> >>

39

Dozes

Kabribayah

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Awbare

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Babile

8500 3200

11700 >> 115,200

>> 100,800

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Shinile

Zone

Shinile

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Danmbal

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Aysha’a

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Meso

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Fik Zone

Fik

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Hamaro

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Garbo

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Sagag

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Dhuhun

7300 1200

8500 >> 110,000

>> 125,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Dagahbur

Dagahbour

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

40

Emergency/Recovery Livestock FEED Requirements for the period July – December 2012

Gunagado

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Aware

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Gashamo

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Daror

7300 1200

8500 >> 110,000

>> 125,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Korahey

Zone

K/dahar

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Shekosh

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Dobaweyn

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Shilabo

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Warder

zone

Warder

12,000 2300

14,300 >> 145,000 >>

112,500

Dozes >>

>> >> >>

Danod

9000 3200

12200 >> 130,300

>> 110,270

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Bokh

8000 1500

9500 >> 120,750

>> 120,400

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

Geladi

6500 2100

8600 >. 110,360

>> 89,000

Dozes

>> >> >> >>

41

Region: Somali _ Zone: _Gode , Afdere, Liban , Shinille and Fik Date: _June 21, 2012

Woreda

Number of beneficiary HHs Livestock Feed

Species

Number

Concentrate

(quintals)

Hay/straw ( Bale)

Male

headed

Female

headed

Total

Kelafo

560 90

650

3 Shoats +2

Cattle /HH 3,250 438.75 4680

Mustahil

450 60

510

3 Shoats +2

Cattle /HH 2,550 344.25 3920

Ferfer

460 50

510

3 Shoats +2

Cattle /HH 2,550 344.25 3,672

Bare 420 80 500 .>> 2,250 303.75 3,240

Doloado 320 70 390 > 1,950 262.25 2,808

Shinille 480 120 600 >> 3000 404.46 4,320

Dambal 470 150 620 >> 3100 282.42 4,464

Aisha 390 85 475 >> 2,375 216.37 3,420

Erer 430 90 520 >> 2,600 236.87 3,744

Afdem 320 105 425 >> 2,125 193.60 3060

Barak 490 200 690 >> 3,450 314.31 3,528

Messo 470 130 600 >> 3000 273.31 3,090.20

Garbo 400 110 510 >> 2,550 232.32 2,626.67

Sagag 420 120 540 >> 2,700 245.98 2,781.20

Hamaro 460 125 585 >> 2,925 266.48 3,012.92

Fik 370 135 505 >> 2,525 230.04 3,012.96

42

Total 6910 1720 8630 42,900 4589.41 55,379.95

Note concentrate is for one month while the Bale is for two months in the case of the worst case

scenario or Deyr and Karan rains 2012 rain failure. Moreover the concentrate is planned for shoats and

the hay /Bale is planned for cattle for three months respectively. Average concentrate consumption for

shoats is assumed 250g/head /day and that of cattle is 4kg /head/day for Bale/Hay since it is available

locally

Emergency/Recovery COMMERCIAL/SLAUGHTER De-stocking for the period July – December 2012

Region: _Somali ___ Zone: Gode, Afdere, Liban , Shinille and Fik Date: _June 21, 2012

Woreda

Number of beneficiaries in HH Commercial De-Stocking Slaughter De-Stocking

Species

Number

Main

market

place

Species Number

Male

headed

Female

headed Total

Kelafo

560 180 740

Shoats &

cattle

3700

Kelafo

- -

Mustahil

450 155 605

Shoats &

cattle

3,025

Mustahil

- -

Ferfer

390 120 510

Shoats &

cattle

2,550

Ferfer

- -

Bare

420 185 605

Shoats &

cattle

3,025

Bare

- -

Doloado

320 145 465

Shoats &

cattle

2,325

Doloado

- -

Shinille

480 180 660

Shoats &

cattle

3,300

Shinille

- -

Dambal

470 170 640

Shoats &

cattle

3,200

Dambal

- -

Aisha

390 120 510

Shoats &

cattle

2,550

Aisha

- -

43

Erer

430 190 620

Shoats &

cattle

3,100

Erer

- -

Afdem

320 145 465

Shoats &

cattle

2,325

Afdem

- -

Barak

490 200 690

Shoats &

cattle

3450

Barak

- -

Messo

470 170 640

Shoats &

cattle

3200

Messo

- -

Garbo

400 300 700

Shoats &

cattle

3,500

Garbo

- -

Sagag

420 185 605

Shoats &

cattle

3,025

Sagag

- -

Hamaro

360 145 505

Shoats &

cattle

2,525

Hamaro

- -

Fik

470 180 650

Shoats &

cattle

3250

Fik

- -

Total 6840 2770 9610 48,050