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SOM-15A Disciples & Disciple MakingSOM-15A-02

Jesus’ Discipleship Plan: The Sermon on the Mount

Mga Tanong• What are the essential things every disciple must

know? Anu-ano ang mga paunang bagay na dapat malaman ang bawat alagad ni Jesus?

• What are the essential things every disciple must do? Anu-ano ang mga paunang bagay na dapat gawin ng bawat alagad ni Jesus?

• What is the goal of “discipleship”?

What are we looking for?• Identity• Meaning• Purpose• Community• Significance

Old ThinkingOld Behaviour

New ThinkingNew Behaviour

New ThinkingOld Behaviour

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acting our way into a new way of thinking

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Sermon on the Mount

Mt 5-7

How do we interpret & apply?• Is it all for today? Is it all applicable?• What about the parts that are

extreme/impossible?• Is it requirement for salvation?• If I don’t do it does that mean that I am not a

Christian/disciple?

1. The Absolutist View • Rejects all compromise & believes that, if

obeying the scripture costs the welfare of the believer, then that is a reasonable sacrifice for salvation. • All the precepts in the sermon must be taken

literally & applied universally. • Proponents of this view include St. Francis of

Assisi, Dietrich Bonhoeffer & Leo Tolstoy. Orthodox Churches; Anabaptists (Mennonites & Hutterites)

2. Modify the Text• Common, but not endorsed by any denomination– Eg. some changed Mt5:22 from "whosoever is angry

with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment" to "whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment."

– "Love your enemies" was changed to "Pray for your enemies” or “Love one another.”

– 1Co 7:12–16, Paul gives his own exceptions to Jesus' teaching.

– Additions were made to the Lord's Prayer to support other doctrines, & other prayers were developed as substitute.

3. Hyperbole View• exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be

taken literally.• portions of what Jesus states in the Sermon are

hyperbole, & that if one is to apply the teaching to the real world, they need to be "toned down." • Most interpreters agree that there is some

hyperbole in the sermon, with Matt 5:29ff being the most prominent example–but there is disagreement over exactly which

sections should not be taken literally.

4. The General Principles View

• Jesus was not giving specific instructions, but general principles of how one should behave. • The specific instances cited in the

sermon are simply examples of these general principles.

5. The Double-Standard View

• official position of the RC Church.• It divides the teachings into general

precepts & specific counsels. –Obedience to the general precepts is

essential for salvation – for the masses– obedience to the counsels is only

necessary for perfection – for the pious eg. clergy & monks

• Augustine & Aquinas

6. The 2 Realms View [Dualism]• Luther divided the world into the religious

& secular realms & argued that the SOTM only applied to the spiritual.• In the temporal world, obligations to

family, employers, & country force believers to compromise. –A Judge should follow his secular obligations

to sentence a criminal, but inwardly, he should mourn for the fate of the criminal.

7. The Analogy of Scripture View [Pagkakatulad]

• Several of the most rigid precepts in the sermon were moderated by other parts of the New Testament. –Eg. Jesus forbids all oaths, Paul uses

them at least twice; thus the prohibition in the Sermon may seem to have some exceptions.

8. The Attitudes Not Acts View [‘Palagay’ hindi ‘Gawa’]

• This view states that Jesus in the Sermon is not saying how a good Christian should behave, only what his attitude is. • The spirit lying behind the act is

more important than the act itself.

9. The Interim Ethic View [Panandalian Lamang]

• This view sees Jesus as being convinced that the world was going to end in the very near future. As such, survival in the world did not matter as in the end times material well-being would be irrelevant.

10. Unconditional Divine Will View [Eschatological]

• The ethics behind the sermon are absolute but sin makes it impossible to live up to them. • Humans are bound to attempt to live

up to them, but failure is inevitable. • This will change when the Kingdom

of Heaven is proclaimed & all will be able to live in a godly manner.

11. The Repentance View

• Jesus intended for the precepts in his Sermon to be unattainable• through our certain failure to live

up to them, we will learn to repent or we will be driven to faith in the Gospel.

12. Modern Dispensationalism [Eschatological].

• Divides human history into a series of ages or dispensations. • Today we live in the period of grace where

living up to the teachings of the sermon is impossible.• in the future, the Millennium will see a

period where it is possible to live up to the teachings of the sermon, & where following them will be a prerequisite to salvation.

Ang Tanong:• Why did Jesus say all of this if it isn’t applicable to

us today? Bakit sinabi ni Jesus ito’ng lahat kapag hindi natin magagamit ngayon?

• Using a proper system of hermeneutics should allow most of the above problems to be solved as we apply these teachings to our lives.

Introductory narrative (Matthew 5:1-2)

• A large crowd assembles due to Jesus healing the sick, so he climbs a mountain & speaks.–This crowd is called “disciples”

Beatitudes (5:3-12)• They describe the character of the people

of the kingdom. • These are Christ's promises of coming

blessings.• In Mt, there are 9 blessings, while in Lu

there are 4, followed by 4 woes. • In Mt, more than in Lu, the Beatitudes

refer to moral or spiritual qualities of Christian discipleship.

Metaphors of Salt & Light (5:13-16)

This concludes the picture of God's people drawn in the beatitudes, as

well as an introduction to the following section.

Expounding of the Law (5:17-48)

• Jesus fulfills & reinterprets Mosaic Law & in particular the Ten Commandments, contrasting with what "you have heard" from others, also known as the Antitheses.

Discourse on showiness (6)

• Jesus condemns the "good works" of fasting, alms, & prayer, when they are only done for show, & not from the heart. The discourse goes on to condemn the superficiality of materialism & call the disciples not to worry about material needs, but to "seek" God's kingdom first.

Lord's Prayer (6:9-13)

• Within the discourse on ostentation, Matthew presents an example of correct prayer. Luke places this in a different context. The Lord's prayer contains parallels to 1 Chronicles 29:10-18.

Discourse on judgmentalism (7:1-6)

• Jesus condemns those who judge others before first judging themselves.

Discourse on holiness (7:7-29)

• Jesus concludes the sermon by warning against false prophets, & emphasizing that humans are unable to do right ("bear fruit") apart from God. The Foundation must be on the Rock.

HOMEWORK• Study the SOTM• What does the SOTM teach me about what to

know and do as a disciple/disciple maker? Ano ba’ng natutunan ko sa SOTM tungkol sa aking pagiging disipulo / taga-hubog ng disipulo?

• What does it teach me about being like Jesus? Ano ba’ng tinuro nito tungkol sa pagiging katulad ni Jesus?