solid waste management in islamabad
TRANSCRIPT
Integrated Solid Waste Management in Islamabad
INTRODUCTION
• The purpose of this study is to facilitate the assessment of the current situation of solid waste management
services in Islamabad
• The report covers solid waste management issues as follows.
Capital development authority (CDA) Wing ( Sanitation Department ) Organization Complement Responsibility Generations Collection Transportation Disposal
Brief data of Islamabad
• The total area of urban Islamabad is 402 m2
• Total population of Islamabad (2007) about 0.9 million.
• Out of 8 sectors, collection and disposal of solid waste from 6 sectors have been privatized.
• Per day solid waste generation is 600 ton.
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Islamabad is divided under following set up:
• 18 Residential Sectors– Each residential sector consists of four sub residential sectors, four
class III shopping centers and one centralized commercial center• Residential Model towns:
– Humak Town, Rawal Town, Shahzad Town and Margalla Town.• Commercial Areas
– One: Blue Area between F & G Series from east to west
• Industrial Areas– Sectors I-9/2, I-9/3 & I-10/3
• Industrial & Trade (I & T) Centers in G-Series• Parks, roads, avenues, highways, open areas, green areas etc• Diplomatic Enclave• Shrine of Hazrat Bari Imam• Haj Complex• Recreation Places
– Daman – e – Koh– Pir Sohawa– Children Park– Zoo– Shakar Parian,– Rose and Jasmine Garden– Play Land, F-9 Park– Industrial Exhibition– Religious Gatherings– Melody Food Park– Tourist Village Saidpur
SANITATION DEPARTMENT OF CDA
• Sanitation department is responsible for the SWM
• The department is located at G-6/1-4 Islamabad with telephone No. is 0519203216
OrganizationDirector
Deputy Director
Assistant Director Sanitation
Chief Sanitary Superintendent
Chief Sanitary Inspector
Sanitary Inspector
Sanitary Supervisor
Mate
Khakrobes
COMPLEMENTS
• Director 01 • Deputy Director 01• Assistant Director Sanitation 01• Chief Sanitary Superintendent 01• Chief Sanitary Inspectors 02• Sanitary Inspectors 12• Sanitary Supervisors 27• Mate 54• Dog Shooters 03• Cleaners 1267
RESPONSIBILITY– Solid waste management service to commercial /trade premises.– Street sweeping– Drain/river cleaning– Public toilet cleaning– Removal of dead animal– Removal of garden waste– Solid waste services to domestic premises– Procurement of vehicles/equipment pertaining to solid waste
management– Maintenance of vehicle and equipment pertaining to SWM– Recruitment and training of SWM staff– Public awareness campaign– Special SWM projects
SOLID WASTE GENERATIOIN
• In order to estimate the solid waste generation at home
consisting of 2 adults and three children survey was
performed in one of the house at Naval complex.
• The one week data from 10April to 16 April 08 was collected
Components/Days/weight in gramsDay Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
Plastic& rubber
150(pet bottles)
175 200 Nil 200 200 250
Glass & ceramics
120 50 Nil 250 150 350 500
Metal 25(nails)
75 Nil 125 100 Nil 150
Wood Nil 200 Nil Nil 75 Nil 250
Textile
20 (rags)
50 50 250 100 Nil 200
Garden waste
Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 5000
Aluminum
25 (can)
Nil 100 Nil 200 Nil 150
Paper 100 200 150 50 250 200 500
Organics or vegetable
500 700 650 1000 1000
1500 2500
other 100 50 125 250 200 250 100
Total 1040 1500 1125 1925 2275
2500 9600
SOLID WASTE GENERATIOIN
• The survey revealed that an average of 2850 gram/day house waste generated
• The per capita generation is came out to be 570 gram/day
• Out of that 40% was organic and vegetable waste and 12% plastic and paper
• Surprisingly the garden waste was 25%• The remaining wastes were in little quantity.
COLLECTION
• Types of storage bin being used by CDA:– Metal bins –individual container-1.1m3 trolley– Metal bins- communal containers-7m3 skips
loaders• Collection services:• Daily-100%- domestic• Daily-80%- commercial/trade premises
TRANSPORTATION
• The sanitation department is using following Vehicles / Equipment/ Machinery for the collection, Transportation and disposal of Solid waste from Islamabad
Equipment /vehicle Quantity Capacity (avg) Condition Age
Wheel barrow(I wheel) 600 0.5 m3 Good 2years
Compactor 8 20m3 Fair b/w 10 to 2 years
Tipping truck with sliding cover
2 5m3 Bad More than 10 years
Open truck without tipping mechanism
2 5m3 Bad More than 10 years
Open truck with crane 1 2 m3 Bad More than 10 years
Skip lifter 2 13m3 Good Less than 2 years
Vacuum truck 1 - Bad More than 10 years
Water tanker 1+4(contractor) - - -
Tractor 13 Mostly new and in good condition
Less than 2 yrs
Admin vehicles 10 - Good b/w 2 – 5 yr
Indigenously built satlite vehicle
02 on Suzuki pick up 2m3 Good More than 2 yrs.
Bulldozers 01 - Fair More than 10 yrs
Shavale 01 - Good 2- 5 year
DISPOSAL
• CDA is currently disposing all the solid waste from domestic and commercial areas in the H-10 dumping site
• This site has been closed temporarily for the widening of road
• Unfortunately no landfill site is presently available with CDA
• The two dumping sites available with CDA are:
Items Disposal site one Disposal site two
Name of site H-12 H-10
Total area acre 5 5
Year when disposal started
1988 2006
Estimate life span left Closed in 2005-2006 5 years
Amount of waste deposited daily
- 600tons
Distance from collection area to the site km
- From 0 point-6 km
Disposal method - Open trench method
Existence of animal on site
- No
Existence of scavengers - No
Open burning No No
OBJECTIVE
• The objective of the this study is to analyze
the Solid Waste Generation, Collection,
Transportation and Final Disposal with special
Emphasis on the Landfill, Composting and
Transfer station facilities, Material Recovery
facility, Recycling etc.
PROBLEMFollowing problems are being faced by CDA during the SWM services:
Lack of authority to make financial and administration decision Lack of trained personnel Lack of vehicles Lack of equipment Old vehicles/frequent breakdown Lack of capability to maintain /repair vehicle/equipment Lack of legislation Lack of planning ( short, long term) Rapid urbanization outstripping service capacity Poor cooperation by government agencies Uncontrolled use of packaging material Poor response to waste minimization (reuse/recycle) Lack of qualified private contractors Lack of control on hazardous waste
CURRENT PRACTICESHow the Collection and Transportation of SW being managed:
– Cleanliness Operation starts at 6.30 A.M in summer and at 7:00 A.M in Winter– In the morning the entire staff gathers sector wise at designated attendance points
– After attendance the sanitary workers proceed to their assigned areas– Collection system of solid waste is manual (door to door)
– Sanitary workers are equipped with brooms, spades, wheel barrows etc; for sweeping and door to door collection of each household / business / commercial area
– Khakrobes are detailed to sweep and clean the main roads, streets and open areas of their respective areas. Simultaneously they start storage of collected waste in the garbage trolleys / skips / dust bins
– In the meantime the garbage collection vehicles start loading of waste from their allocated sectors / areas for further disposal of waste at garbage containment site at Sector H-10, Islamabad
– Solid waste once collected from the source stored in garbage trolleys & skip (large garbage containers) for transportation.
CURRENT PRACTICES
– After cleaning of main roads / streets, the sanitary workers collect solid waste from each household, business and open areas and then stores at temporary storage point i.e. garbage trolleys & skips (large garbage containers) placed at the corner of street and other conspicuous spots for final transportation
– The occupants hands over their stored waste (accumulates since last evening) at the time of door to door collection to the khakrobes
– The Sanitary Inspector, Sanitary Supervisor and Mates monitor & supervise the entire cleanliness operation of their areas
– 1700 trolleys / containers of capacity 1.1 m3 and 150 skips (large containers) are placed throughout the city
– 1200 medium / small size dustbins are placed at different commercial centers, public spots and places
– Transportation of solid waste to final disposal site being carried out through garbage compacting vehicles, skip lifters and tractor trolleys
– No proper landfill site
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• Regular burial of solid waste is being carried out• A toll free help line number 1334 for the prompt attendance of
complaints received from residents / occupants has been set up by the Directorate of Sanitation, CDA
• The matters relating to illegal dumping, littering, open burning and nuisance is being dealt with under municipal bye laws
• Public awareness campaigns being launched / arranged in collaboration with civil society
• Capital Development Authority is charging on part of conservancy:– For residential RS. 1 / Sq. Yrd. / anum (based on plot area). – For commercial RS. 2 / Sq. Ft. / anum (based on covered area).
PRIVATISATION OF SERVICES FOR SWM
• Due to acute shortage of sanitary staff / machinery / equipments and expansion in the size of city, the process of privatization was started as detailed below:
– Sector G-7 1992– Sector G-10 1994– Sector I-10 1994 – Sector G-9 1996– Sector G-8 1999– Sector G-6 2003
• Sanitation services in six (06) different sectors have been out sourced by the CDA• Private Contractors are responsible for sweeping, door to door collection and
transportation of solid waste from these sectors through their own garbage compacting vehicles and other equipments like tractor trolleys etc.
• About nine hundred (900) field staff excluding supervisory staff has been deployed in these sectors
• Regular inspection is being carried out in privatized sectors
• On receipt of complaints and poor services, fines on contractors are imposed
RECENT IMPROVEMENTS
• Uniform– In order to make the Sanitation staff, identifiable and bring them
to a disciplined work force, sanitary workers and Supervisory Staff have been issued uniforms
– Maroon colored Jackets have been provided to sanitary workers and Blue "P" caps to Sanitary Inspectors and Supervisors
• IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM– In order to respond quickly through wireless system a repeater
communication system has been installed, so that one to one direct contact can be made without involvement / mediation of operators
Continue..• Public Facility Cell
– A public facility cell has been established from the existing strength of Directorate of Sanitation for installation and maintenance of dustbins, garbage trolleys, skips placed in entire city
– Cell also removes posters / wall chalking from the walls and other government properties e.g. electric transformers, telephone distribution boxes etc.
– In addition to this, cell is also monitoring proper management and maintenance of all the existing Public toilets of Islamabad
• Upgradation of Public Toilet
– Out of 74 Public Toilets about 80% were in bad shape and not functional– All Public Toilets of Islamabad were up graded / renovated in all respect costing Rs.8.5
million– 36 new Public Toilets constructed at different commercial centers and public places costing
Rs.18.00 million– 15 new public toilets have also been constructed on BOT basis
FUTURE PLANS• Capital Development Authority has allocated already acquired land measuring 100 acres
near village Kuri, Zone IV, Islamabad for the construction of sanitary landfill • 20 acres of land for the establishment of compost plant• Construction of both these facilities are in progress• However, due to court stay orders presently work on landfill and other facilities has been
stopped• Following facilities would be available at the site
– SANATARY LAND FILL
– COMPOST PLANT
– TRANFER STATION
– MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILIRTY
– RECYCLING FACILITY
SANITARY LANDFILL• 100 acres of acquired land in village Kuri, Zone IV, Islamabad has
been allocated for the construction of the first engineered sanitary landfill of the region
• Total construction work is divided into three categories i.e.– Earth work.– Special work i.e. lying of liner etc– Construction of ancillary facilities i.e. offices, weigh bridge etc.
• Construction of modern engineered & state of art sanitary landfill for pollution free disposal of municipal solid waste is in progress.
• The construction of landfill will include development of land, lying of clay / soil / sand, concrete structure, geomembrane / geotextile sheet lining to prevent & stop the penetration of leachate to the ground
Continue..• The internationally known landfill expert from Japan International
cooperation Agency (JICA) Mr. Nara Hara, who was long term expert in Pakistan attached with Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA), extended great help & assistance to sanitation Directorate, who later on passed away tragically in devastating earthquake of October, 2005
• The aim of the project is:– To improve the environment by solid waste management– To arrange in service training of staff for solid waste management– To recruit skilled management staff and labor by revising / enhancing existing
strength for solid waste management– To generate resources– 100 % collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste
• Development of system for:– Initially, segregation of solid waste into two categories i.e. organic and inorganic
waste at first collection point– Collection of organic and inorganic waste on alternate days
Continue..• Imposition of fee for collection of solid waste• Purchase of machinery & equipment for landfill• Purchase of operational vehicles for 100 % collection and transportation of solid waste• To prevent further impact on environment by proper management of solid waste at
existing landfill• Separate facilities for the disposal of hazardous and toxic waste• To arrange intermediate treatment facilities for solid waste i.e. composting, segregation
etc. • Awareness of general public about importance of solid waste management• Involvement of NGOs as well as general public• Plans for the management of industrial & hazardous waste
– Registration of hospitals and clinics for separate waste collection in the first instance
– Installation of incineration plant for on payment incineration for hospitals, clinics
– Development of separate landfill facilities for hazardous and industrial waste
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• To encourage 3 R’s i.e. Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
– Design recycling programme to generate revenue
– Organization of scavenger activities by registration / licensing of scavengers for the collection
of recyclable materials.
– Leasing of courtyards to the KABARIS (businessmen of recyclable materials)
• The recent development of Landfill site construction is that the tender opening was
undertaken on 27th May 2008
• The construction time is 1 year from the date of awarding the contract
• The local population and good number of landfill site surrounding villages have reservations
on the said projects like area utilized by farmers for plantation for long time and also the area
is located in the water recharge zone
COMPOST PLAN
• As per approved “Terms & Conditions” by the CDA Board, the Lease Agreement for Establishment of compost plant in Islamabad has been signed between CDA and M/S Capital Compost (Pvt.) Ltd of M/s Saif Groups of Companies for conversion of organic / green waste into bio natural fertilizer
• For this purpose 20 acres of already acquired land has been allocated adjacent to the sanitary landfill site in village Kuri, Zone IV, Islamabad on monthly ground rent @ Rs.425,000/- per month
• After clearance of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) from Pak EPA, the possession of the land will be handed to M/S Capital Compost
• The firm is bound to complete the project within one year from the date of taking over the possession of the land
TRANSFER STATION• A piece of land measuring 260’ x 300’ has been allocated in Sector H-
11/2 for the construction of Material Recovery Facility & Transfer Station in February 2007
• Recovery of valuable items out of collected solid waste for the purpose of recycling or composting will be carried out
• The long haul vehicles will be used for transportation of waste from transfer station to final disposal site.
• With the setting up of transfer station, the efficiency of operational vehicles will improve as the trips to final disposal site will be reduced.
• The Consultant has been asked for submission of conceptual Plan & land utilization plan for the approval of the Authority
• The project is shelved due to lack of funding and interest of the government
CONCLUSION
The present solid waste management system is although meeting the requirement for a cleaner Islamabad however due to extreme environmental constraints the provision of landfill sites and associate facilities are considered mandatory to keep the city greener and environment friendly
RECOMMENDATION• The strength of sanitation department to be enhanced
substantially to meet the current and future solid waste management
• Latest equipment and machinery / Vehicles to be procure for effective SWM
• The future plan explained above must be executed on priority basis
• Public awareness campaign to be launched regularly • Public private sector collaboration to be promoted • Solid waste segregation from the source to be encouraged
through incentive to the public • Emphasis on 3Rs, to be promoted • Shortage of funding to be met • Legislation to be done for effective SWM
REFERENCES
• QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SWM SURVEY BY WHO• SOLID WASTE ENGINEERING BY
WILLIAM.A.WORREL
Zone-II
Zone-IV
Zone-V
Dustbin
Communal Container