solid waste management
TRANSCRIPT
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
It is the unwanted or useless solid
materials generated from combined
residential, industrial and commercial
activities.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT?
“Generation, prevention,
characterization, monitoring,
treatment, handling, reuse and
residual disposition of solid wastes".
It is a system responsible for the handling all
garbage,
Municipal waste collection,
Recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators.
WHY SWM?
Economic –
Improving economic efficiency through the
means of resource use
Treatment and disposal can lead to efficient
practices in the production and consumption of
products
the potential for new jobs and new business
opportunities.
Social –
Reduces the adverse impacts on health
Environmental –
Reducing or eliminating adverse impacts on
the environmental
minimizing resource extraction can provide
improved air and water quality
Help in the reduction of greenhouse
emissions.
Inter-generational Equity –
Provides subsequent generations a more
robust economy, a fairer and more inclusive
society and a cleaner environment
A number of processes involved
in effectively managing waste for
a municipality
These include:
monitoring,
collection,
transport,
processing,
recycling and
disposal.
SWM AND TREATMENT
METHODS:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Thermal treatment
Dumps and Land filling
Biological waste treatment
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
There are many environmental benefits that can be derived from the use of these methods:
They reduce or prevent green house gas emissions,
reduce the release of pollutants,
conserve resources,
save energy and
reduce the demand for waste treatment technology and landfill space.
Waste reduction and reuse
(methods of waste prevention)
Include:
manufacturing products with less packaging,
encouraging customers to bring their own reusable
bags for packaging,
encouraging the public to choose reusable
products (cloth napkins reusable plastic & glass
containers)
backyard composting etc
RECYCLING
Recycling refers to the removal of items from the
waste stream to be used as raw materials in the
manufacture of new products.
Thermal treatment
This refers to processes that involve the use
of heat to treat waste.
Some commonly utilized thermal treatment
processes.
Incineration
Pyrolysis and Gasification
Open burning
INCINERATION
It involves the combustion of organic waste for recovering energy.
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.
This is the combustion of waste in the presence of oxygen.
This method may be used as a means of recovering energy to be used in heating or the supply of electricity.
Combusting MSW in an incinerator does reduce volume by up to 90% and weight by 75%
Pyrolysis and Gasification
They both
decompose organic
waste by exposing it
to high temperatures
and low amounts of
oxygen.
It produce gas (often
termed syngas),
liquid (pyrolysis oil)
or solid (char, mainly
ash and carbon).
OPEN BURNING
It is the burning of
unwanted materials
in a manner that
causes smoke.
Other emissions to
be released directly
into the air.
This includes the
burning of outdoor
piles.
Dumps and Landfills
Sanitary landfills :
A landfill is a facility in which solid wastes are
disposed in a manner which limits their impact on
the environment.
A sanitary landfill is engineered to minimize water
infiltration.
This minimizes exposure to wind and rain
MSW, landfills often hold construction and
demolition debris, municipal sludge, agricultural
wastes, combustion ash
Biological waste treatment
Composting It is the controlled
aerobic decomposition of organic matter by the action of micro organisms.
It creates an environment favorable to the naturally occurring thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria
and fungi that break down organic matter.
In a period between four and six months, green waste is converted to compost.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Same as composting.
Composting can use a variety of microbes and
must have air.
Anaerobic digestion uses bacteria and an oxygen
free environment to decompose the waste.
Also used as a method of producing biogas which
can be used to generate electricity.
Optimal conditions for the process require nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
It requires that the pH be maintained around 7.
Integrated Solid Waste
Management
(ISWM) takes an overall approach to creating
sustainable systems that are
economically affordable,
socially acceptable and
environmentally effective.
REFRENCES:
http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20
management.pdf
http://www.unep.org/ietc/Portals/136/SWM-Vol1-Part1-
Chapters1to3.pdf
http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/CWG%20folde
r/conceptualframework.pdf
Understanding environmental pollution marquita k hill 2nd
edition page 257-258
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/hierarchy.htm
www.environment.gov.pk/PRO_PDF/.../Brief-SWM-
%20Pak.pd