Md. Rafiquddin Rubel. Captain Of Yarn Group ID: 131-0111-020 Batch: EV-25

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA

Submitted by: Yarn group Name Student ID Batch

Md. Fojal Mahmud Rangon 131-0106-020

BTE (EV-25)

Md. Aminul Islam 131-0107-020

Md. Shahabuddin 131-0108-020

Md. Mahedi Hasan 131-0109-020

Md. Rafiquddin Rubel 131-0111-020

Md. Sohel Rana 131-0113-020

Md. Sabbir Hossain 131-0114-020

Md. Sakib Ullah 131-0115-020

Md. Tarif Islam 131-0116-020

Md. Mahmudul Hassan Sarker 131-0117-020

SUBMITTED TO Lecturer of Textile Department

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AGENTA

AGENTA

Definition soil pollution

Main Causes of Soil Pollution

Soil Pollution and Its Effects

Methods to control soil pollution

How soil pollution and soil erosion could be

prevented

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Definition soil pollution • Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils

of determined toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.

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Causes • Soil pollution can be caused by the following

Accidental Spills Acid rain Industrial Accidents Deforestation Genetically modified plants Nuclear wastes Intensive farming Landfill and illegal dumping Mining and other industries Oil and fuel dumping Buried wastes Disposal of coal ash Electronic waste Disposal of ammunitions and agents of war. Agricultural practices, such as application of pesticides, herbicides

and fertilizers Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil Yarn Group 5

Main Causes of Soil Pollution • 1. Industrial Activity:

Industrial activity has been the biggest contributor to the problem in the last century, especially since the amount of mining and manufacturing has increased. Most industries are dependent on extracting minerals from the Earth. Whether it is iron ore or coal, the by products are contaminated and they are not disposed off in a manner that can be considered safe. As a result, the industrial waste lingers in the soil surface for a long time and makes it unsuitable for use.

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• 2. Agricultural Activities: Chemical utilization has gone up tremendously since

technology provided us with modern pesticides and fertilizers. They are full of chemicals that are not produced in nature and cannot be broken down by it. As a result, they seep into the ground after they mix with water and slowly reduce the fertility of the soil. Other chemicals damage the composition of the soil and make it easier to erode by water and air. Plants absorb many of these pesticides and when they decompose, they cause soil pollution since they become a part of the land.

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3. Waste Disposal: Finally, a growing cause for concern is how we dispose

of our waste. While industrial waste is sure to cause contamination, there is another way in which we are adding to the pollution. Every human produces a certain amount of personal waste products by way or urine and feces.

4. Accidental Oil Spills: Oil leaks can happen during storage and transport of

chemicals. This can be seen at most of the fuel stations. The chemicals present in the fuel deteriorates the quality of soil and make them unsuitable for cultivation. These chemicals can enter into the groundwater through soil and make the water undrinkable.

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What Diseases Does Pollution Cause • Pollution is responsible for a host of medical

conditions throughout the world. When someone asks, "What does pollution cause," in terms of health problems, the answer is a wide range of natural and economical issues.

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Soil Pollution and Its Effects • Soil pollution may affect all of us as well as plants and

animals. However, children are usually more susceptible. This is because kids are more sensitive to various pollutants and they may come in close contact with soil by regularly playing in the ground for example. Thus, soil pollution for kids always involves higher risks than for adults. While anyone is susceptible to soil pollution, soil pollution effects may vary based on age, general health status and other factors.

• A more detailed explanation of various processes contributing to soil pollution, along with concrete examples of the most common soil pollutants generating soil poisoning issues are given below.

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1. Effect on Health of Humans • Considering how soil is the reason we are able to

sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal illnesses.

• Long term exposure to such soil can affect the genetic make-up of the body, causing congenital illnesses and chronic health problems that cannot be cured easily. In fact, it can sicken the livestock to a considerable extent and cause food poisoning over a long period of time. The soil pollution can even lead to widespread famines if the plants are unable to grow in it.

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2. Effect on Growth of Plants: • The ecological balance of any system gets affected due

to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time. Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which creates an additional problem of soil erosion.

• The fertility slowly diminishes, making land unsuitable for agriculture and any local vegetation to survive. The soil pollution causes large tracts of land to become hazardous to health. Unlike deserts, which are suitable for its native vegetation, such land cannot support most forms of life.

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3. Decreased Soil Fertility: • The toxic chemicals present in the soil can

decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people consuming them.

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4. Toxic Dust: • The emission of toxic and foul gases from

landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.

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5. Changes in Soil Structure: • The death of many soil organisms (e.g.

earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.

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Methods to control soil pollution • There are many factors which control the soil pollution. It

includes the limited use of fertilizers and pesticides. The biological control method must be known and implemented. The grazing must be controlled and forest management should be done properly. The afforestation and reforestation must be done. In areas of wind erosion wind breaks and shields must be used. The soil binding grass must be planted and the large trees must be placed along the banks. The industrial wastes must be dumped in the low lying areas. There is a definite technique of cropping which does not allow the weeds to settle on the fields. The mining ways must be improved along with their transportation.

The area must not be left barren and dry

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How soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented

• proper planting of plants with extensive root systems helps to prevent soil erosion as the roots hold the soil in place. Plants that break down and/or sequester contaminates can be used to prevent the spread of pollution. Reforming farming practices to reduce soil erosion and Industry to reduce the quantity of pollutants can also be effective at preventing soil erosion and pollution from occurring. Low till farming and green chemistry are two examples of technologies that can reduce soil erosion and pollution in that order.

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QUESTION

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