Slide 1

SOIL POLLUTION

Control measuresControl of soil erosionProper dumping of unwanted wasteProduction of natural fertilizerProper hygienic conditionPublic awarenessRecycling & Reuse of wasteBan on Toxic chemicals

THERMAL POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTIONDefined as unwanted sounds that unreasonably (a kind of harsh, loud and confused sound), intruding into our daily activitiesThe most significant attributes of noise are: Its loudnessDurationThe unit of noise is decibel. Human ear can tolerate noise up to 120 decibels.

Sources of NOISE POLLUTIONRoad Traffic: Most prevalent and most damaging sourceImpact of road traffic noise depends on factors like: road location & design, and land use planning measures, building design, vehicle standards & driving behavior

(ii) Air TrafficNoise from supersonic crafts are dangerous because of its intensity

(iii) Railways: The level of noise associated with rail traffic is related to type of engine or rolling stock used, speed of the train, track type & condition, warning signals at crossings, whistles & horns, freight classification yards, & railroad construction & maintenance.

Measurement of NoiseNoise intensity is measured in decibel (Db) unitsDecibel scale is logarithmic, Each 10 Db increase represents a 10 fold increase in noise intensitydistance diminishes the effective decibel level reaching the ear. e.g. Moderate auto traffic at a distance of 30 m rates about 50 decibels, but for the same, for a driver with a car window open or a pedestrian on the sidewalk, same traffic rates about 70 decibels.

Effects of NoiseAt 45 decibels of noise, average person cannot sleep, At 85 decibels hearing damage, & at 120 decibels ear experiences pain.Lack of sleep, irritability, heartburn, indigestion, ulcers, high blood pressure, & possibly heart diseaseHearing lossNon-auditory physiological effectsAnnoyanceCommunication interference

Noise Pollution ControlSource path receiver concept: Can be controlled either by reducing the noise at the source or by preventing its transmission or by protecting the receiver

At the source: lubrication of machines, tightening the loose units, reducing the eccentricity

In the path: keeping the noisy machine covered, construction of noise barriers, sound-proofing of the building

Receiver: No use of horns other than in emergency, vehicle engines and appliances in good Condition, purchase the least noisy air conditioner or vacuum cleaner/quieter appliances, rest areas away from noise, turn down volume of Stereos.