Soil and water analysis

M.ADEEL 10-arid-969

Dept. Soil Science & Soil Water Conservation

PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi

Internship In Soil & Water Testing Laboratory Layyah

Muhmmad Adeel1o-arid-969BSc(Hons.)Agriculture7th semesterInternship duration31-07-13 to 30-09-13

Introduction About Soil and Water Sampling and Field Visit• Soil sampling was not difficult but it was new

experience for me.

• Weather was so hot and I was in field at 12:00 p.m clock.

• Without feeling any hesitations I just concentrate on our work which was assign to the District Officer Dept. of Soil & Water Conservation Laboratory Dr Abdul Ghafar.

• In field the attitude of farmer is friendly to with me.

Infrastructure Of Soil & Water Testing lab Layyah • Building of Soil & Water testing lab consist of

1 soil & water testing sample preparation room

1 Soil & Water Testing room

2 room for agriculture officers

1 room for District Agriculture officer

Soil & Water Testing Laboratory Equipments Lab equipment was not in good condition due to lack of

fund.

There equipment has become olds and experiment result are not satisfactory.

Soil testing lab has almost necessary equipment like PH meter ,EC meter, spectrophotometer, flame photo meter, shaker .

All types of glassware is also available in lab.

Establishment Staff Soil & Water Testing Lab

District Agriculture Officer

2 Agriculture Officers

2 Lab Attendants 1 Lab Technician

Experimental Procedures Of Soil planning

• Two sample was taken on one place,first was on 1 to 6 inch and second was 6 to 12 inch.

• Both sample was collected in separate plastic bag.

• On plastic bag number was mention with pointer for identification.

• Almost 7 sample was collected in one plot.

• 70 to 80 sample was collected in farmer field which was 12 acre

• After drying, granding,sieving the sample they are used for test.

• Soil organic matter, soil phosphorus and soil textured ,soil Ec and soil pH was find.

Procedure to find the soil phosphorus

• Weigh the 2.5 g soil.

• Add 50ml NACHO3

• Shake for 30 Mint .

• Filter the soil solution

• Add the 5ml filtrate in 25 ml volumetric flask.

• ADD the 5ml mix reagent in flask.

• Before adding the mix reagent in flask 0.264g ascorbic acid is added in 50 ml mix reagent.

• Make the volume 25ml.

• Blank is also prepared.

Continue

• Then note the reading on spectrophoto meter

. Note the reading check on graph then multiply with 100.

• Volume of flask × NACHO3 ppm of p in soil

Volume of soil filtrate Weight of soil

Criteria of P for soil

poor medium adequate

0-7 8-13 14-36

Soil Texture & Phosphorus low Medium heavey

Sandy loam, sandy loam Clay loam

Soil Organic Matter

• Take 1g soil• Add 10ml K2Cr2O7 and shake.

• Add 20 ml H2SO4 and shake.• Add 200 ml water and shake.• after cooling add 0.7 g NaF and shake.• Also put the few drop of indicator.

Continue

• Blank is also prepared.• Titrate by FeSO4 , first blank then sample.• After titration note the reading.• We can find the organic matter by using this

formula. (blank – reading)o.698

Water Analysis

CO3-• TAKE the 10 ml water in conical flask• Add the few drop of indicator phenolphthalein• If pink color appear CO3- is present .

• If pink color appears then titrate by H2SO4 until colorless.• 0.8 × reading= CO3-

Water Analysis……Continue

HCO3-• By using the same flask add the few drop of

methyl orange• Titrate with 0.o1n H2SO4 .

• when brick like color is induce then note the reading• by using this formula• (reading × 0.4)=HCO3-

Ca+Mg

• Take 10 ml water in petri dish from sample• Put the 1 to 2 drop of buffer solution.• Then put 1to 2 drop of chrome black.• The titration should takes place with burrate, in

burrate EDTA solution is used.• When the color of water is green blackish.

Continue

TSSEC = TSS100

NaNa= Tss – (Ca+Mg)

RSC

• (CO3- + HCO3-) – (Ca+Mg)

• SAR= Na √(Ca+Mg) 2Cl-

• To the same flask addd few drop of indicater patassium chromate.• Titrate by silver nitrate AgNO3

• Titrate until brick red color.

Textured of soil

SANDY SOIL SANDY LOAM LOAM CLAYEY LOAM CLAYEY

≥ 20 ml water is used

20ml to 30 ml water is used

30 ml to 40ml water is used

40 to 45 ml water is used

760ml water is used

SPECIAL THANKSTO

MY TEACHERS• Chairman Dept Of S.S & S&WC

Prof.Dr. Saleem Akhtar• &

• Prof.Dr.Gulam Jailani• &

• Dr.Muhammad Irbil

ALSO SPECIAL THANKSTO

Establishment Staff Of Soil & Water Testing Labs

• Dr.Abdul Gafar (D.O)

• Mam.Farah (A.O)

• Ashraf Bhatti (A.O)

• & M.Ameen & Ghulam Farid (Lab Assistant)