Sociological Sociological Motivation Motivation

I get up for school in the I get up for school in the morning…morning…

• To get good grades, to go to college, to leave To get good grades, to go to college, to leave Georgia & to move far away!Georgia & to move far away!

• Because I like to see my friends, and I feel a Because I like to see my friends, and I feel a sense of accomplishment when I do something sense of accomplishment when I do something with my day. I don’t really do anything else, so with my day. I don’t really do anything else, so without it my life is sort of useless.without it my life is sort of useless.

• Because I have to be educated in order to get Because I have to be educated in order to get a good job in the future. And also, I’ll get in a good job in the future. And also, I’ll get in trouble if I don’t.trouble if I don’t.

• Let’s be honest…I get up for school because Let’s be honest…I get up for school because my parents make me…my parents make me…

I workout…I workout…

• Because I have to stay physically fit for tennis Because I have to stay physically fit for tennis and because I want to look good during the and because I want to look good during the summer & other festivities (spring break, etc.)summer & other festivities (spring break, etc.)

• For SB 2012 baby!For SB 2012 baby!• To be more attractive…To be more attractive…• To stay healthy and fit….To stay healthy and fit….• Because it’s a hobby; without physical Because it’s a hobby; without physical

challenge, life, to me, would be boring.challenge, life, to me, would be boring.• Because I would prefer to be able to move when Because I would prefer to be able to move when

I’m 80 years old…I’m 80 years old…

I eat dinner…I eat dinner…

• Because I’M HUNGRY!Because I’M HUNGRY!• To satisfy my hunger pangs.To satisfy my hunger pangs.• Because I usually want to eat around 6 pm…Because I usually want to eat around 6 pm…• Because food tastes good.Because food tastes good.• Because it is the only time that my family Because it is the only time that my family

gets to sit down together with everyone’s gets to sit down together with everyone’s busy schedules.busy schedules.

• Because my parents make me.Because my parents make me.

I engage in romantic I engage in romantic relationships…relationships…

• Because I like feeling loved and special. I also like Because I like feeling loved and special. I also like being able to share anything with that one being able to share anything with that one person.person.

• Because they’re fun and they prepare me for Because they’re fun and they prepare me for marriage…marriage…

• Because I love my girlfriend.Because I love my girlfriend.• Because I really like attractive guys named (Because I really like attractive guys named (name name

omitted to protect the innocentomitted to protect the innocent)! Who are half )! Who are half Australian!Australian!

• I engage in romantic relationships because it’s I engage in romantic relationships because it’s fun. And it’s natural. And it’s biology.fun. And it’s natural. And it’s biology.

Or not…Or not…

• Because it’s unhealthy…Because it’s unhealthy…• Because say it with me now, D-R-A-M-A.Because say it with me now, D-R-A-M-A.• Because truthfully I am too busy to handle Because truthfully I am too busy to handle

that drama and because love can be that drama and because love can be superficial and it doesn’t often last.superficial and it doesn’t often last.

• Because they seem to be a lot of work to Because they seem to be a lot of work to maintain, as well as restrictive.maintain, as well as restrictive.

• Because In this moment it is a useless, Because In this moment it is a useless, meaningless function, that if anything would meaningless function, that if anything would be a hindrance…be a hindrance…

I am going to college…I am going to college…

• To get educated…To get educated…• To get a job later in life…To get a job later in life…• To be successful in the future!To be successful in the future!• Honestly, because of social pressure. I also Honestly, because of social pressure. I also

don’t want to end up working twice as hard don’t want to end up working twice as hard for half the money.for half the money.

• To play volleyball & to get an education to To play volleyball & to get an education to receive a good career.receive a good career.

• To party…and to get an education (I guess…)To party…and to get an education (I guess…)

I don’t engage in illegal I don’t engage in illegal activities…activities…

• Because the consequences seem to be more Because the consequences seem to be more trouble than they’re worth…trouble than they’re worth…

• Because I don’t want to ruin my life!Because I don’t want to ruin my life!• Because they are against the law…Because they are against the law…• Because I don’t want to go to jail…Because I don’t want to go to jail…• Because it is against my moral code & ethical Because it is against my moral code & ethical

standards... standards... • What? I don’t? What? I don’t?

• DefinitionDefinition::• Influences that Influences that

account for the account for the initiation, initiation, direction, intensity & direction, intensity & persistence of behaviorpersistence of behavior

What is What is Motivation?Motivation?

Sources of MotivationSources of Motivation

• Biological factorsBiological factors• Emotional factorsEmotional factors• Cognitive factorsCognitive factors• Social factorsSocial factors

Theories of Theories of MotivationMotivation

1.1. Instinct TheoryInstinct Theory

2.2. Drive Reduction TheoryDrive Reduction Theory

3.3. Arousal TheoryArousal Theory

4.4. Incentive TheoryIncentive Theory

5.5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Instinct Instinct TheoryTheory

• Human behavior is guided Human behavior is guided by innate by innate biological biological instincts; a fixed pattern instincts; a fixed pattern that occurs that occurs without without learning learning

• Major influences? Major influences?

• Human behavior is guided Human behavior is guided by certain biological drives, by certain biological drives, as well as the as well as the need to reduce the need to reduce the tension associated with tension associated with these drives (homeostasis) these drives (homeostasis)

• Two Basic DrivesTwo Basic Drives::• Primary (biological) & Secondary Primary (biological) & Secondary

(learned)(learned)

Drive Reduction Drive Reduction TheoryTheory

Arousal TheoryArousal Theory

• Humans seek to maintain an Humans seek to maintain an optimal level of physiological optimal level of physiological arousal (varies)arousal (varies)

• GoalsGoals::• Increase arousal when it is too lowIncrease arousal when it is too low• Decrease arousal when it is too Decrease arousal when it is too

highhigh

Incentive Incentive TheoryTheory

• Human behavior is guided Human behavior is guided by the lure of by the lure of rewards & rewards & the threat of punishment the threat of punishment

• External stimuli External stimuli • ““Wanting” v. “Liking”Wanting” v. “Liking”• ““Pull” MotivationPull” Motivation

Maslow’s Maslow’s HierarchyHierarchy

• Abraham Maslow (1943)Abraham Maslow (1943)• Human behavior is influenced Human behavior is influenced

by a variety of by a variety of needs & motives needs & motives that can be rankedthat can be ranked

• RankingRanking::• Basic needs, psychological needs & Basic needs, psychological needs &

self-fulfillment needsself-fulfillment needs

I get up for school in the I get up for school in the morning…morning…

• I need to get into a good collegeI need to get into a good college• So I can actually do something usefulSo I can actually do something useful• Because I have to go to school because it’s Because I have to go to school because it’s

the lawthe law• My parents will go to prison if I don’tMy parents will go to prison if I don’t• I have nothing better to doI have nothing better to do• So that I can come to school and learn…I like So that I can come to school and learn…I like

learninglearning• My parents make meMy parents make me

I workout…I workout…• It helps me clear my head and relieve stressIt helps me clear my head and relieve stress• I don’t because it isn’t worth my time and energyI don’t because it isn’t worth my time and energy• To make myself more physically fit so I feel To make myself more physically fit so I feel

better as an athletebetter as an athlete• So I’m able to give free gun showsSo I’m able to give free gun shows• Because I like the feeling that I get after I Because I like the feeling that I get after I

workoutworkout• To be healthyTo be healthy• Because it feels good to relieve myself of any Because it feels good to relieve myself of any

pent up energy during the daypent up energy during the day• To be better than the other person in my sportTo be better than the other person in my sport

I eat dinner…I eat dinner…

• I am hungryI am hungry• Because I am hungry after practiceBecause I am hungry after practice• To refuel and avoid slowing down my To refuel and avoid slowing down my

metabolismmetabolism• Because I enjoy itBecause I enjoy it• So I don’t dieSo I don’t die• Because I love food more than anything else in Because I love food more than anything else in

this worldthis world• Because its goodBecause its good• To have conversations with my family To have conversations with my family

I engage in romantic I engage in romantic relationships…relationships…• Because I like boysBecause I like boys

• Because I like womenBecause I like women• Because they’re funBecause they’re fun• Because the human instinct to belong is met and Because the human instinct to belong is met and

because it makes me happy and makes my life feel because it makes me happy and makes my life feel meaningfulmeaningful

• For emotional fulfillmentFor emotional fulfillment• Because they are a necessity and I enjoy all parts of Because they are a necessity and I enjoy all parts of

themthem• It allows me to love and get close to that personIt allows me to love and get close to that person• To feel like someone wants/needs youTo feel like someone wants/needs you• EntertainmentEntertainment• To figure out what qualities I want in a spouseTo figure out what qualities I want in a spouse• So your heart can keep growingSo your heart can keep growing

Or not…Or not…

• Because it’s too much of a distractionBecause it’s too much of a distraction• Because I’m too busyBecause I’m too busy

I don’t engage in illegal I don’t engage in illegal activities…activities…• Most of the time I am concerned with my health and Most of the time I am concerned with my health and

safety and would not want to jeopardize either of safety and would not want to jeopardize either of thosethose

• I don’t want to get arrestedI don’t want to get arrested• Because I respect the laws and society and I want to Because I respect the laws and society and I want to

be known as a respectable personbe known as a respectable person• I don’t want to go to jail and be someone’s girlfriendI don’t want to go to jail and be someone’s girlfriend• Because I have moralsBecause I have morals• So that when I get busted I don’t have to explain to So that when I get busted I don’t have to explain to

my parents whymy parents why• The bad illegal things I don’t do bc of my morals, but The bad illegal things I don’t do bc of my morals, but

the lesser illegal things I may or may not do bc I think the lesser illegal things I may or may not do bc I think that the risk is worth the benefitthat the risk is worth the benefit

• Because if I get caught my parents won’t pay for my Because if I get caught my parents won’t pay for my collegecollege

I am going to college…I am going to college…• I want to be successful and independent and richI want to be successful and independent and rich• To get out of my houseTo get out of my house• To run cross country and trackTo run cross country and track• To make new friendsTo make new friends• To continue gaining greater education to succeedTo continue gaining greater education to succeed• To make bankTo make bank• To have a new experienceTo have a new experience• To have a careerTo have a career• Because I believe that becoming educated and Because I believe that becoming educated and

gaining knowledge will allow me to lead a gaining knowledge will allow me to lead a meaningful lifemeaningful life

• To partyTo party