Synopsis• Calvin and Tosh

• Discussion of result of examination

• Expression of thoughts

• Prosocial behavior

• Persuasion towards attending a concert

Downward Social Comparison • Use others as a standard

• Judgement made towards ourselves

• Against people who are incompetent

• Enhance self-esteem

Downward Social Comparison

• Tosh felt better with a sense of relieved when he found out that Calvin scored a lower grade than he did in the exams.

Counterfactual Thinking

• Tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred

• Epitomized by the phrase “what might have been”

• Is usually associated with bad/negative events

Counterfactual Thinking

• Upward counterfactual thinking

– "What if..."

– Tosh thought of how he could have done better in the exams if he had worked harder for it.

Counterfactual Thinking

• Downward counterfactual thinking

– "atleast I..."

– Although Calvin has got a grade 'C' in the exams but he felt satisfied enough by thinking that atleast he did not failed the exams.

Altruism

• Any behavior that is designed to increase another person’s welfare

• Done for selfless reason

Altruism

• Calvin had kindly offer a hand to Crystal when he noticed that she was carrying a handful of heavy books.

• Calvin helps without seeking for any potential rewards.

Observational Learning

• Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others

Observational Learning

• Calvin learnt to be helpful to the others as a result of what he has observed from her aunt who acts as a role model for him.

Cialdini's Six Weapon of Influence - Scarcity

• Things become more attractive and valuable when their availability is limited.

• Or when we stand to lose the opportunity to acquire them on favorable terms.

• Scarcity tactics : – "limited-number technique"– “deadline technique”

Cialdini Six Weapon of Influence - Scarcity

• Tosh persuaded Calvin to go to a concert by telling him that the tickets are selling out soon.

THANK YOU !

REFERENCES• Duff, K. (2012). Think social psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson.

• Fraser-Thill, R. (2015). Downward Comparisons. About.com Parenting. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/a/Downward-Comparisons.htm

• Mindtools.com,. (2015). Cialdini's Six Principles of Influence: Convincing Others to Say. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/six-principles-influence.htm

• Sites.google.com,. (2015). Chapter 7: Scarcity - Revised - 724e Cialdini wiki. Retrieved 29 May 2015, from https://sites.google.com/site/724ecialdiniwiki/tyrone-dixon--scarcity-summary

• Stangor, C. (2012). Social Psychology Principles (1st ed., p. 753). Andy Schmitz. Retrieved from http://2012books.lardbucket.org/pdfs/social-psychology-principles.pdf