social protection in bangladesh

Social Protection in Social Protection in BangladeshBangladesh

PresentationPresentation byby

Group#01 composed as follows-Group#01 composed as follows-

GPP01: Nazmul Islam ShamimGPP01: Nazmul Islam ShamimGPP03:Md. Mizanur RahmanGPP03:Md. Mizanur RahmanGPP04: Mainuduuin AhmedGPP04: Mainuduuin AhmedGPP05: Morsheda BegumGPP05: Morsheda Begum

GPP07: Rafiqul Islam GPP07: Rafiqul Islam

Social Protection: DefinitionSocial Protection: Definition

• ILO defines social protection broadly covering all ILO defines social protection broadly covering all safeguards and guarantees against loss of income safeguards and guarantees against loss of income due to illness, old age, unemployment, or other due to illness, old age, unemployment, or other hardship (ILO Website).hardship (ILO Website).

• World Bank defines social protection narrowly as World Bank defines social protection narrowly as public interventions oriented to human capital and public interventions oriented to human capital and social risk management to help individuals, social risk management to help individuals, households and communities better manage risk, households and communities better manage risk, and provide support to incapacitated poor (World and provide support to incapacitated poor (World Bank 1999, 2000).Bank 1999, 2000).

• Bangladesh Government social protection policy is Bangladesh Government social protection policy is close to World Bank definition of social protection.close to World Bank definition of social protection.

Social Protection: How does it Social Protection: How does it come forward come forward

The idea evolves :The idea evolves :

1. in the western rich countries-1. in the western rich countries-• After the Great depression in 1930s and the After the Great depression in 1930s and the

Second World War. Second World War.

2. In developing countries2. In developing countries• Social protection has been evolved as a tool Social protection has been evolved as a tool

of post-colonial policy measure.of post-colonial policy measure.

Social Protection Policies and Social Protection Policies and Strategies in BangladeshStrategies in Bangladesh

• poverty reduction policies, strategies poverty reduction policies, strategies and programs (NSAPR II, 2009-11)and programs (NSAPR II, 2009-11)

• Sixth Five Year Plan (2011-15). Sixth Five Year Plan (2011-15).

• implemented through ADPsimplemented through ADPs4

Social Protection Policies and Social Protection Policies and Strategies in Bangladesh Strategies in Bangladesh

(contd.)(contd.)• Social Protection Focus Areas:Social Protection Focus Areas:

– social safety net programmes; social safety net programmes; – food security; food security; – disaster management; disaster management; – micro-credit and micro-credit and – rural non-farm activities.rural non-farm activities.

Social Safety Net ProgramsSocial Safety Net Programs

Social safety net is defined Social safety net is defined - all kinds of cash and kind transfers to the poor, all kinds of cash and kind transfers to the poor,

- all welfare activitiesall welfare activities

- unemployment benefits for retrenched unemployment benefits for retrenched workersworkers

- subsidized health caresubsidized health care

- shelters for the homelessshelters for the homeless

- pension benefits, which prevent individuals pension benefits, which prevent individuals from falling into poverty.from falling into poverty.

Food SecurityFood Security

• Food Security policies focus on: Food Security policies focus on: – ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and

nutritious food; nutritious food; – enhance the purchasing power of the people for enhance the purchasing power of the people for

increased access to food; and increased access to food; and – ensure adequate nutrition for all, especially ensure adequate nutrition for all, especially

women, children and persons with disabilities. women, children and persons with disabilities.

• Food Security programs include: Food Security programs include:

FFW, OMS, VGD, VGF, TRFFW, OMS, VGD, VGF, TR, , Food subsidyFood subsidy, , Employment in char areas etc.Employment in char areas etc.

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

• Strategies for Disaster Management will focus on: Strategies for Disaster Management will focus on: – collective action of public sector, NGOs and collective action of public sector, NGOs and

community organizations to reduce the risk of community organizations to reduce the risk of disasters in the country, disasters in the country,

– increase the mitigation capacity of the increase the mitigation capacity of the community and NGOs, community and NGOs,

– promoting optimum coordination and best promoting optimum coordination and best utilization of resources along with ensuring utilization of resources along with ensuring community participation, and community participation, and

– undertaking measures for dealing with undertaking measures for dealing with disasters such as Tsunami and earthquake.disasters such as Tsunami and earthquake.

Microcredit Microcredit

Challenges with regard to microcredit are: Challenges with regard to microcredit are:

– prevalence of high interest rates , prevalence of high interest rates ,

– vicious cycle of microcredit vicious cycle of microcredit

– microcredit programs have not been very microcredit programs have not been very successful in including the hardcore poor; successful in including the hardcore poor;

– rate of graduation to above the poverty line rate of graduation to above the poverty line among the microcredit borrowers is lowamong the microcredit borrowers is low

Rural Non-Farm ActivitiesRural Non-Farm Activities

It focus on two broad areas: It focus on two broad areas: – improving the rural investment climate; improving the rural investment climate;

and and – supporting institutional framework.supporting institutional framework.

Social Protection Social Protection Programs/ProjectsPrograms/Projects

• Social Protection programs are being Social Protection programs are being financed from both revenue and financed from both revenue and development budget (Annual development budget (Annual Development Program). These social Development Program). These social protection programs are grouped as: protection programs are grouped as: – Cash transfer, Cash transfer, – Food Assistance, and Food Assistance, and – Social Empowerment programmes. Social Empowerment programmes.

Social Protection Social Protection Programs/ProjectsPrograms/Projects

70 + programs / projects are being implemented by 70 + programs / projects are being implemented by different ministries viz. different ministries viz. – Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, – Ministry of Social Welfare, Ministry of Social Welfare, – Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, – Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, – Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, – Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Finance, – Ministry of Rural Development and Cooperatives, Ministry of Rural Development and Cooperatives, – Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, – Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, – Ministry of Health and Family Planning, Ministry of Health and Family Planning, – Ministry of Environment and Forest, Ministry of Environment and Forest, – Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Youth and Sports, – Liberation War Affairs Ministry, Liberation War Affairs Ministry, – Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs Ministry, and Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs Ministry, and – Ministry of Commerce.Ministry of Commerce.

Cash Transfer Programs, FY Cash Transfer Programs, FY 20102010

Sl.Sl. ProgramsPrograms (Ministry)(Ministry)

CoverageCoverageml person/mml person/m

BudgetBudget ml Takaml Taka

11 Old age allowance (MoSW)Old age allowance (MoSW) 2.252.25 8100.008100.00

22 Allowance for widowed, deserted & destitute Allowance for widowed, deserted & destitute Women (MoWCA)Women (MoWCA)

0.920.92 3312.003312.00

33 Allowance for financially insolvent disabled Allowance for financially insolvent disabled (MoSW)(MoSW)

0.260.26 936.00936.00

44 Maternity allowance for poor lactating mothers Maternity allowance for poor lactating mothers (MoWCA)(MoWCA)

0.080.08 336.00336.00

55 Honorarium for insolvent & injured freedom Honorarium for insolvent & injured freedom fighters (MoFWA)fighters (MoFWA)

0.140.14 2814.002814.00

66 Grants for residents in Govt. orphanages & other Grants for residents in Govt. orphanages & other institutions ( MoSW)institutions ( MoSW)

0.020.02 233.90233.90

77 Grants for students in non-govt. orphanages Grants for students in non-govt. orphanages (MoSW)(MoSW)

0.090.09 433.2433.2

88 General Relief Activities (MoFDM)General Relief Activities (MoFDM) 0.050.05 332.0332.0

99 Block allocation for disaster managementBlock allocation for disaster management 1000.01000.0

Cash Transfer Programs, FY Cash Transfer Programs, FY 20102010 (contd.)(contd.)




1010 Non-Bengali rehabilitation program (MoFDM)Non-Bengali rehabilitation program (MoFDM) 0.010.01 151.0151.0

1111 Allowance for distressed cultural personalities (MoCA)Allowance for distressed cultural personalities (MoCA) 0.0010.001 8.008.00

1212 Allowance for CHT beneficiariesAllowance for CHT beneficiaries 0.0540.054 15.0015.00

1313 Pension for retired govt. employeesPension for retired govt. employees 0.3250.325 35323.3035323.30

1414 Stipend for disabled students Stipend for disabled students & Grants for school for disables (MoSW)& Grants for school for disables (MoSW)

0.0280.028 98.0098.00

1515 Housing Support (MoFDM)Housing Support (MoFDM) 0.010.01 50.0050.00

1616 Agricultural rehabilitation (MoA)Agricultural rehabilitation (MoA) 2.752.75 550.0550.0

Food Assistance programs, Food Assistance programs, FY 2010FY 2010




1717 Subsidy on OMS (MoFDM)Subsidy on OMS (MoFDM) 30.0030.00 12000.0012000.00

1818 VGD (Vulnerable Group Development)VGD (Vulnerable Group Development) 8.838.83 6580.706580.70

1919 Test Relief Food (MoFDM)Test Relief Food (MoFDM) 3.333.33 9931.909931.90

2020 Gratuitous Relief –Food (MoFDM)Gratuitous Relief –Food (MoFDM) 6.46.4 1640.901640.90

2121 Food Assistance for CHTFood Assistance for CHT 0.630.63 1891.601891.60

2222 Food for Work (FfW)Food for Work (FfW) 3.133.13 9388.209388.20

2323 VGF (Vulnerable Group Feeding)VGF (Vulnerable Group Feeding) 36.7036.70 14102.3014102.30

Micro-Credit ProgramsMicro-Credit ProgramsSl.Sl. ProgramsPrograms

(Ministry)(Ministry)CoverageCoverageml person/mml person/m


2424 Fund for FKSF Fund for FKSF 6.56.5 2000.002000.00

2525 Social Development FoundationSocial Development Foundation 2950.002950.00

2626 NGO FoundationNGO Foundation 200.00200.00

2727 Self-employment credit for Self-employment credit for Freedom FightersFreedom Fighters

.01.01 100.00100.00

Social Empowerment program Social Empowerment program through ADP, FY 2010through ADP, FY 2010




2828 Stipend for primary studentsStipend for primary students 5.55.5 4875.204875.20

2929 School feeding programSchool feeding program 0.600.60 342.60342.60

3030 Stipend for drop-out studentsStipend for drop-out students 0.500.50 928.90928.90

3131 Char livelihoodChar livelihood 0.250.25 936.00936.00

3232 HousingHousing 0.040.04 935.50935.50

3333 Stipend for secondary & higher Stipend for secondary & higher secondary studentssecondary students

2.82.8 3390.03390.0

3434 Maternal health voucher scheme Maternal health voucher scheme (MoHFW)(MoHFW)

0.190.19 700.0700.0

3535 National Nutrition ProgramNational Nutrition Program 0.1760.176 1730.01730.0

Social Empowerment program Social Empowerment program through ADP, FY 2010 through ADP, FY 2010 (contd.)(contd.)




3636 Protection of Children at riskProtection of Children at risk 0.0240.024 293.70293.70

3737 Empowerment of the poorEmpowerment of the poor 2.102.10 578.30578.30

3838 Basic education for urban working Basic education for urban working childrenchildren

0.320.32 828.40828.40

3939 Participatory Rural DevelopmentParticipatory Rural Development 0.010.01 196.50196.50

4040 Rural employment for creating public Rural employment for creating public assetsassets

0.0240.024 756.00756.00

4141 Rehabilitation for climate refugeesRehabilitation for climate refugees 0.050.05 913.50913.50

Limitations of Social Protection Limitations of Social Protection Policies and Programs Policies and Programs

• Low coverage: Low coverage: Only fractions (less then 10 Only fractions (less then 10 percent of the poor) of those who need social percent of the poor) of those who need social protection are covered and reach less then 5 protection are covered and reach less then 5 million people (WB 2006). million people (WB 2006).

• Inappropriate targeting: Inappropriate targeting: overlapping overlapping and inclusion of ineligible persons in Safety Net and inclusion of ineligible persons in Safety Net Program is common Program is common

• Leakage: Leakage: leakage is more prevalent in in-leakage is more prevalent in in-kind programs than in cash programskind programs than in cash programs

Projection: Universal Social Projection: Universal Social Protection in BangladeshProtection in Bangladesh

• Adding more 1.5% of GDP to social protection Adding more 1.5% of GDP to social protection program, Bangladesh could achieve universal program, Bangladesh could achieve universal social protection to its hard core poor.social protection to its hard core poor.

This additional spending can arrange by- This additional spending can arrange by-

-reprioritizing existing public spending-reprioritizing existing public spending

- fiscal effort to generate additional domestic - fiscal effort to generate additional domestic resources resources

-some additional assistance from the -some additional assistance from the development partners.development partners.

Any Any Questions???Questions???

ThanksThanks

social protection in bangladesh

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