GLOBAL WARMINGWARMING UP THE WORLD

PRESENTED BY : M.A.HIMAPRESENTED TO : KAVITHA MAM

Contents1. What Is Global Warming2. Cause Of Global Warming3. Climatic Changes4. Earth’s Temperature - 15. Earth’s Temperature - 26. Effects Of Global Warming7. Worldwide Carbon Emission8. Effects On Sea9. Effects In The Arctic10. Reduction Of Snow Due To Global Warming11. Trends12. Green House Effects13.References

What Is Global Warming?• Global Warming refers to average increase in the earth’s temperature due to increase in pollution which results in

greenhouse effect which in turn leads to climate change. Global warming may lead to rise in the sea level due to melting of glaciers, shrinkage of forests, changes in the rainfall pattern and wide range of impacts on plants and humans.

• These greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide accumulate into the atmosphere and trap heat that would normally would exit into the outer space. Over the last few decades cars, industries and power plants have released tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and this has caused the temperature of the earth to rise from .6 degree Celsius between 1901 and 2000. If nothing is done to stop global warming now then it could prove to be a big disaster for the human kind.

• Global warming has emerged as one of the most biggest environmental issue in the two decades.

• Global warming is the result of increase in the earth’s average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. These gases are required for the presence of human life on earth. However, global warming is happening due to over-emittance of these gases.

Causes Of Global Warming• Humans are emitting more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, faster than the absorbing rates of plants and the

oceans.

• The consumption of fossil fuels in last few decades has contributed much to the degradation of our environment. Global warming, climate change, extinction of wildlife species, depletion of ozone layer, and increase in air pollution are few of the problems from which our environment is suffering. It may be quite a task for anyone to find some solid global warming facts to alarm for some action.

• There has been a tremendous increase of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane nitrous oxide and especially greenhouse gases due to polluting substances emitted as a result of industrialization, pollution, deforestation.

• In the last 30 years, the average consumption of fossil fuel by United States has been 80%. Fossil fuels are the most dangerous contributors to global warming.

• Pollution from coal, natural gas and oil.

• Population and deforestation.

Climate Changes• According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports, the earth’s temperature has increased by 0.8 degrees

Celsius over the past century. More than half of this increase has happened in the last 25 years. It seems that the temperature is rising at a rate faster than ever before. Human activities like burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrialization and pollution are considered as few of the factors responsible for global warming.

• Global warming that is causing extreme weather changes has shown it implications in the way of forest fires, heat waves and severe tropical storms throughout the world.

• Increasing temperatures will release more greenhouse gases, unlock methane, and cause more evaporation of water.• Since 1880, the average temperature has risen by 1.4-Fahrenheit degrees.• The last two decades of the 20th century have been hottest in the last 400 years, according to climate studies.• 2000-2009 has been the hottest decade periods of the earth.• By year 2100, the average temperature will rise by 5.8 degrees as a result of global warming.• Between 2000-2100, the heat related deaths will rise by 150,000.

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Earth’s Temperature - 1

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Effects Of Global Warming• Global warming can lead to massive food and water shortages and has a life threatening impact on the wildlife.• More than 1 million species have become extinct due to disappearing habitats, ecosystems acidic oceans all caused

due to global warming.

INDUSTRIALISATION• Due to industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas started on a massive scale. This not only

increased greenhouse gases but was also responsible for large scale deaths due to asthma and other respiratory diseases.

• Since the industrial revolution in 1700, the level of carbon dioxide on earth has increased by 34%.

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Effects Of Sea• Sea levels have risen about 7 inches in the in the last 100 years, which is more than the previous 2000 years

combined. The rising sea levels due to global warming could threaten the lives of people living along the coastal areas.

• Due to global warming and pollution, coral reefs are suffering the worst bleaching with the highest dying record since 1980.

• Around 100 million people live with 3 feet of sea level and many cities of the world are located near such vulnerable coastal areas

• The global warming will completely alter the ocean’s conveyer belt which will cause a mini ice age in the Europe.• According to IPCC 2007 report, sea levels will rise by 7-23 inches by the end of this century due to global warming.

Effects In The Artic• The ecosystem which sustains the livelihood of Arctic residents is melting the ice as temperature rise.

• The layer of permafrost is melting, causing an inland lake to drain into the ocean and killing fresh water fish.

• Since the beginning of industrialization the temperature difference between the hemispheres has increased due to melting of sea ice and snow in the North. Average arctic temperatures have been increasing at almost twice the rate of the rest of the world in the past 100 years; however arctic temperatures are also highly variable. Although more greenhouse gases are emitted in the Northern than Southern Hemisphere this does not contribute to the difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix between hemispheres

• The Arctic is one of the worst places to be effected by global warming.

• According to the multinational Arctic Climate Impact Assessment report compiled between 2000 and 2004, the average temperature in Alaska, Western Canada and Russia have risen at twice the global average.

• The Arctic ice is melting rapidly. By 2040 the region is expected to have a completely ice free summer, or even earlier.

• The Montana Glacier National Park has only 25 glaciers instead of 150 that were there in the year 1910.

• Melting of glaciers will cause sea levels to rise on one hand and water shortages in areas that depend on natural sources of water

Reduction Of Snow Due To Global Warming

Green House Effects • Emissions like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and other greenhouses gases will remain in the atmosphere for many years

making impossible to eliminate global warming for several decades• The rate at which carbon dioxide is being dumped in to the environment is 1000 tons per second until the 2011 records• The carbon dioxide levels in the 20th century have been highest in 650,000 years. • Till 1950, the levels rose by 11% and recently the levels have risen by 40%.• The heat trapping gases have been increasing in the atmosphere at an alarming rate. • The presence of large number of these gases has resulted in enhanced greenhouse effect. Heat waves caused by global

warming is responsible for many heat related illness and deaths.• Greenhouse Gases called carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and other gases have heat trapping capacity and are

needed to create greenhouse effect that keeps the earth warm which is required to support plants, animals and humans. Some of these greenhouse gases occur naturally while other are released in tons of capacity every year all over the world by us.

• These gases are released when we drive cars, burn wood or coal, large power plants. Deforestation(cutting down of forests) is also a reason for the greenhouse gases because fewer trees means less carbon di oxide converted to oxygen. Now, when accumulation of these greenhouse gases grows, more heat gets trapped into the atmosphere and as a result few heat escapes backs into the space and it heat ups the earth surface.

Trends• Temperature varies over the globe.• Since 1979, land temperatures have increased about twice as fast as ocean temperatures 0.25 °C per

decade against 0.13 °C per decade).• Ocean temperatures increase more slowly than land temperatures because of the larger effective

heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean loses more heat by evaporation.• Climate commitment studies indicate that even if greenhouse gases were stabilized at year 2000

levels, a further warming of about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) would still occur. • The relative stability in surface temperature from 2002 to 2009, which has been dubbed the global

warming hiatus by the media and some scientists, is consistent with such an episode.• Recent updates to account for differing methods of measuring ocean surface temperature

measurements show a significant positive trend over the recent decade. • Statistical uncertainty means that it is hard to separate years where the temperatures are close, so

while 2014 had a greater chance than any other single year, it only has a 38% to 48% likelihood of being the warmest year on record since 1880. 2014 was the 38th consecutive year with above-average temperatures

References

1. www.conserve-energy-future.com 2. www.wikipedia.com3. www.climatehotmap.org 4. www.nmsea.org 5. www.nrdc.org 6. www.dosomething.org 7. www.news.nationalgeographic.com8. www.britannica.com 9. www.study.com