Project Topic : Types of Crime: Smuggling Project Topic : Types of Crime: Smuggling Michalis Loule & Michalis Loule & George DeliyiannisGeorge DeliyiannisENG ClassENG Class

What is Smuggling ?What is Smuggling ?SMUGGLINGSMUGGLING is the illegal transportation of objects or is the illegal transportation of objects or

people, such as out of a building, into a prison or people, such as out of a building, into a prison or across an international border, in violation of across an international border, in violation of

applicable laws or other regulations.applicable laws or other regulations.There are various motivations to smuggle. These There are various motivations to smuggle. These

include:include:- the participation in illegal trade, such as in the drug - the participation in illegal trade, such as in the drug

trade, trade, - in illegal immigration or illegal emigration, - in illegal immigration or illegal emigration, - tax evasion, - tax evasion, - the theft of items being smuggled. - the theft of items being smuggled.

Examples of non-financial motivations include bringing Examples of non-financial motivations include bringing banned items past a security checkpoint (such as banned items past a security checkpoint (such as

airline security) or the removal of classified airline security) or the removal of classified documents from a government or corporate office.documents from a government or corporate office.

Types of Smuggling !Types of Smuggling ! Goods: Goods:

Much smuggling occurs when enterprising merchants Much smuggling occurs when enterprising merchants attempt to supply demand for a good or service that is attempt to supply demand for a good or service that is illegal or heavily taxed. As a result, illegal drug illegal or heavily taxed. As a result, illegal drug trafficking, and the smuggling of weapons (illegal arms trafficking, and the smuggling of weapons (illegal arms trade), as well as the smuggling of alcohol and tobacco, trade), as well as the smuggling of alcohol and tobacco, are widespread . As the smuggler faces significant risk are widespread . As the smuggler faces significant risk of civil and criminal penalties if caught smugglers are of civil and criminal penalties if caught smugglers are able to impose a significant price premium on smuggled able to impose a significant price premium on smuggled goods. The profits involved in smuggling goods appear goods. The profits involved in smuggling goods appear to be extensive. The to be extensive. The Iron Law of ProhibitionIron Law of Prohibition dictates that dictates that greater enforcement results in more potent alcohol and greater enforcement results in more potent alcohol and drugs being smuggled.Profits also derive from avoiding drugs being smuggled.Profits also derive from avoiding taxes on imported goods. For example, a smuggler taxes on imported goods. For example, a smuggler might purchase a large quantity of cigarettes in a place might purchase a large quantity of cigarettes in a place with low taxes and smuggle them into a place with with low taxes and smuggle them into a place with higher taxes, where they can be sold at a far higher higher taxes, where they can be sold at a far higher price than would otherwise be possible. It has been price than would otherwise be possible. It has been reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes reported that smuggling one truckload of cigarettes within the United States can lead to a profit of US $2 within the United States can lead to a profit of US $2 million.million.

People Smuggling:People Smuggling:With regard to people smuggling, a distinction With regard to people smuggling, a distinction

can be made between people smuggling as a can be made between people smuggling as a service to those wanting to illegally migrate service to those wanting to illegally migrate and the involuntary trafficking of people. An and the involuntary trafficking of people. An

estimated 90% of people who illegally crossed estimated 90% of people who illegally crossed the border between Mexico and the United the border between Mexico and the United

States are believed to have paid a smuggler to States are believed to have paid a smuggler to lead them across.lead them across.

People smuggling can be used to rescue a People smuggling can be used to rescue a person from oppressive circumstances. For person from oppressive circumstances. For example, when the Southern United States example, when the Southern United States allowed slavery, many slaves moved north. allowed slavery, many slaves moved north.

Similarly, during the Holocaust, Jewish people Similarly, during the Holocaust, Jewish people were smuggled out of Germany by people.were smuggled out of Germany by people.

Wildlife Smuggling:Wildlife Smuggling: Wildlife smugglingWildlife smuggling results results

from the demand for exotic from the demand for exotic species. The CITES (Convention species. The CITES (Convention on International Trade in on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulates the Fauna and Flora) regulates the movement of endangered movement of endangered wildlife across political wildlife across political borders.borders.

Smuggling Methods!!!Smuggling Methods!!! Smugglers usually avoid border checks, such as by small ships, Smugglers usually avoid border checks, such as by small ships,

private airplanes, through overland smuggling routes and private airplanes, through overland smuggling routes and smuggling tunnels. This also applies for illegally passing a smuggling tunnels. This also applies for illegally passing a border, for illegal immigration/emigration. In many parts of the border, for illegal immigration/emigration. In many parts of the world, particularly world, particularly MexicoMexico, the smuggling choice is the go-fast , the smuggling choice is the go-fast boat. A large number of suspected smugglers are caught each boat. A large number of suspected smugglers are caught each year by custom worldwide. Goods and people are also year by custom worldwide. Goods and people are also smuggled across seas hidden in containers, and overland smuggled across seas hidden in containers, and overland hidden in cars, trucks, and trains. The high level of duty levied hidden in cars, trucks, and trains. The high level of duty levied on alcohol and tobacco in on alcohol and tobacco in BritainBritain has led to large-scale has led to large-scale smuggling from smuggling from FranceFrance to the to the UKUK through the Channel Tunnel. through the Channel Tunnel.

Another method is with a false passport (completely fake, or Another method is with a false passport (completely fake, or illegally changed).illegally changed).

Cash Smuggling:Cash Smuggling:

Whoever, with the intent to evade a currency reporting Whoever, with the intent to evade a currency reporting requirement, knowingly conceals more than $10,000 in requirement, knowingly conceals more than $10,000 in

currency and transports or transfers or attempts to currency and transports or transfers or attempts to transport such currency from a place within the United transport such currency from a place within the United States to a place outside of or from a place outside the States to a place outside of or from a place outside the

United States to a place within , shall be guilty of a United States to a place within , shall be guilty of a currency smuggling offencecurrency smuggling offence

Thank Thank youyou for for your your PatiencePatience !!! !!!