Smart Science GRADE 1TEXTBOOK

Philippine Copyright 2009 by DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INCAll rights reserved. Printed in the Philippines

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ISBN: 978-971-46-0085-0

REVIEWERMarina Balce was a former assistant dean and associate professor at the College of Education, La Salle College–Antipolo. She taught biological sciences for Psychology students and thesis writing for graduating Education students in the same college. She was also a Trainee of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) at the Aichi University in Nagoya, Japan, where she attended a special training on Practical Work in Elementary School Science. Dr. Balce finished her bachelor’s degree in Secondary Education major in Biology at the University of the East–Manila. She has a master’s degree in Biology Education from the De La Salle University–Manila and a doctorate in Science Education major in Biology from the University of the Philippines–Diliman.

To the LearnerDo you ask yourself questions about the world you live in?

Do you wonder about what lies beyond the blue skies or what rests below the seas? Do you ask questions about the blooming trees and colorful flowers you see, the heat and cold you feel, or the various scents you smell? Do you wonder about the sun, the moon, and the stars? Your young, active mind has so many questions because you are curious about so many things.

This book will help you discover the answers to the questions you have about yourself, the world, and everything beyond it. This book will be your constant companion as you unlock the many mysteries of life through various learning experiences. Moreover, this book will teach you how to apply the wonders of science to your day-to-day activities.

Let this book help you find the answers to the questions you have about yourself, your world, and your universe. Let this take you a step closer to understanding life and in discovering the wonders of science!

Unit I You and Your Body

Chapter 1 Your Body and Your NeedsLesson 1 Parts of Your Body .....................................................................2Lesson 2 You Can Do Many Things Using the Different Parts of Your

Body .........................................................................................7Lesson 3 Caring for Your Body ...............................................................10Lesson 4 Eating Healthy Foods ...............................................................13Lesson 5 Your Body Needs Clean Air and Water ....................................18Lesson 6 You Need Clothes to Protect Your Body ..................................23Lesson 7 You Need a House to Live In ...................................................27Lesson 8 You Need Rest, Exercise, and Recreation .................................32Think Back ...............................................................................................37Measure Up! ...............................................................................................37

Chapter 2 Body Changes in a Growing ChildLesson 1 You Get Taller and Heavier as You Grow ................................40Lesson 2 You Get Bigger as You Grow ...................................................44Lesson 3 You May Be Alike with Others in Some Ways .........................48Lesson 4 You May Be Different from Others in Some Ways ...................52Lesson 5 Safety All the Time ..................................................................56Think Back ...............................................................................................61Measure Up! ...............................................................................................61

Unit II Animals and Plants

Chapter 3 Animals around YouLesson 1 Animals Are Everywhere .........................................................66Lesson 2 Body Parts of Animals ..............................................................70Lesson 3 Changes in Growing Animals ..................................................75

Lesson 4 Needs of Animals ....................................................................80Lesson 5 Movements of Animals ............................................................87Lesson 6 Places Where Animals Live .....................................................92Lesson 7 Importance of Animals ............................................................97Think Back .............................................................................................102Measure Up! .............................................................................................102

Chapter 4 Plants around YouLesson 1 Describing Plants ...................................................................106Lesson 2 Parts of Plants ........................................................................110Lesson 3 Similarities and Differences in Some Plants ...........................114Lesson 4 Kinds of Plants .......................................................................119Lesson 5 Needs of Plants .....................................................................124Lesson 6 Places Where Plants Grow ....................................................130Lesson 7 Importance of Plants ..............................................................134Think Back .............................................................................................139Measure Up! .............................................................................................139

Unit III Matter, Energy, and Force

Chapter 5 A Closer Look at MatterLesson 1 Matter Everywhere ................................................................142Lesson 2 Forms of Matter .....................................................................146Lesson 3 Color and Smell of Matter ......................................................152Lesson 4 Matter Occupies Space ..........................................................156Lesson 5 Measuring Volume ................................................................162Lesson 6 Measuring Mass .....................................................................166Think Back .............................................................................................169Measure Up! .............................................................................................169

Chapter 6 Energy and ForcesLesson 1 Uses of Heat ..........................................................................172Lesson 2 Uses of Light .........................................................................178Lesson 3 Uses of Sounds ......................................................................185Lesson 4 Push and Pull ........................................................................191Think Back .............................................................................................196Measure Up! .............................................................................................196

Unit IV The Earth and the Sun

Chapter 7 The EarthLesson 1 What Does Earth Look Like? ..................................................200Lesson 2 Earth’s Water Bodies ..............................................................205Lesson 3 Earth’s Landforms ..................................................................210Lesson 4 Air Everywhere ......................................................................215Lesson 5 Kinds of Weather ...................................................................218Lesson 6 Earth Provides Our Needs .....................................................223Lesson 7 You Are a Caretaker of Earth ..................................................227Think Back .............................................................................................233Measure Up! .............................................................................................233

Chapter 8 The SunLesson 1 Big Ball of Fire: The Sun ........................................................236Lesson 2 The Sun Warms Earth ............................................................240Lesson 3 Protection from Strong Sunlight .............................................244Think Back .............................................................................................247Measure Up! .............................................................................................249

Bibliography ...................................................................................................249

How well do you know your body? How should you take care of it? What are your basic needs? What are the changes that will happen to your body as you grow older? Learn the answers to these questions and more in this unit.

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Chapter 1

Lesson 1Parts of Your Body

Your Body and Your Needs

Your body consists of different parts. These parts help you do activities at home and in school. Each body part is important, so it has to be cared for.

Find Out

1. What are the three main parts of your body?2. What are your other body parts?3. How do you prepare yourself for school?

Rita and Erik wake up early during school days. They are always excited to go to school.

This is how they prepare themselves for school.

Rita eats a healthy breakfast before going to school.

3You and Your Body

She takes a bath and brushes her teeth. She combs her hair, too.

She wears her clean school uniform. Now, Rita is ready to go to school.

Erik is also ready to go to school. He has eaten his breakfast. He has also taken a bath. His hair is neatly combed. His fingernails are cut short. He wears clean socks and shoes.

How about you? How do you prepare for school? Do you know how to clean your body? What are the different parts of your body?

Just like Rita and Erik, your body has parts, too. There are three main parts of the body: the head, the trunk, and the limbs.

head

trunk upper limbs

lower limbs

The main parts of the body

4 Smart Science 1

What are the parts of your head? The top and back of your head are covered with hair. On its front is your face.

What can you find on your face? You have your forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin. Inside your mouth are your teeth and tongue.

What are the parts of your trunk? It is composed of your shoulders, chest, and abdomen.

eyebroweye

cheek

mouth

chin

hair

forehead

earnose

neck

shoulder

chest

abdomen

The parts of the head

Look at the sides of your head. There, you can find your ears. Right below your face is your neck. Your neck connects your head to your trunk.

The parts of the trunk

teethtongue

5You and Your Body

You have two sets of limbs—the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Your upper limbs are composed of your arms, elbows, forearms, wrists, and hands. You can find your fingers and palm on your hands.

Your lower limbs are composed of your thighs, knees, legs, ankles, and feet. Your toes are part of your feet.

Name Game

Look at Rita and Erik. Name the parts of their bodies pointed by the arrows.

Choose a partner. Name his or her body parts.

arm

Explore

elbowforearmwristhand

thighkneeleganklefoot

upper limbs

lower limbs

The parts of the limbs

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

6 Smart Science 1

Keep in Mind

Your body is made up of different parts. The three main parts of your body are the head, the trunk, and the limbs.

Challenge Yourself

Draw the missing parts of the body. Label the parts that you have drawn.

Math

Look at yourself in the mirror. Name parts of your body on the left side and those on the right side. What do you notice? Your body has parts that come in pairs. You have two eyes, two ears, two hands, and two feet. Can you identify other body parts that come in pairs?

7You and Your Body

Lesson 2You Can Do Many Things Using the Different Parts of Your Body

Find Out

1. What activities can you do using your different body parts?2. How do body parts work together?

Rita and Erik use their body parts as they play. Rita uses her eyes to see the ball. She uses her legs and feet to run after the ball. She uses her arms and hands to catch the ball.

Rita and Erik are classmates. When they have a project in class, they work together to finish it. Like Rita and Erik, your body parts work together so you can do activities like playing, studying, and eating.

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Erik uses his legs to run to the next base. He uses his arms to reach for his teammate’s hand. He uses his eyes to watch the other team’s moves. He uses his ears to listen to what his teammates want him to do.

Can You Do These?1. Look at the picture of Rita below. Draw Rita’s face in the box

with your eyes closed.

2. Follow the instructions.a. Hold a fruit with your hands

(for example, an apple). Take a bite from the fruit.

b. Put down the fruit on a plate. c. Try eating the fruit again without

using your hands.

Explore

9You and Your Body

Were you able to draw Rita’s face with your eyes closed? Were you able to eat the fruit easily without using your hands?

a. nose, hands b. eyes, hands c. mouth, feet d. ears, wrist

a. hands, ankles, nose b. arms, legs, eyes c. shoulder, feet, hair d. knees, nose, eyes a. abdomen, ears, feet b. hands, feet, ears c. arms, legs, eyes d. mouth, chest, arms

You use different body parts in doing many activities. You can write easily if you use your hands and your eyes. When eating, you use your mouth. You also use your hands to hold the food. You use your nose to smell the food.

Keep in Mind

You use different body parts to do many activities faster and easier.

Challenge Yourself

Which body parts work together in each activity? Encircle the letter of your answer.1.

2.

3.

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Lesson 3Caring for Your Body

Find Out

How should you take care of your body?

After school, Rita and Erik go straight home. When they reach home, both of them do things to take care of their body.

After eating dinner, Rita flosses and brushes her teeth. She also cleans her tongue with a tongue cleaner. Before going to bed, she washes her face and her body. She also changes her clothes. Erik does the same things. Both of them know that they need to take care of their bodies.

Explore

11You and Your Body

Are You Clean? Answer each question below. If your answer is Yes, draw a

happy face ( ) in the circle. If your answer is No, draw a sad face ( ).

If you answered Yes to all the questions, you are taking good care of your body.

Your body should be kept clean at all times. Keeping yourself clean is one way of taking care of your body. It also means you love yourself.

1. Do you take a bath every day?

2. Do you clean your ears regularly?

3. Do you always clean your nose?

4. Do you brush your teeth after eating?

5. Do you always comb your hair?

6. Do you cut your fingernails and toenails short?

7. Do you wash your hands after using the toilet?

8. Do you wear clean clothes?

9. Do you wear clean socks?

10. Do you wear clean shoes?

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If you do not take good care of yourself, germs will get into your body. Germs are tiny harmful living things. They can make you sick when many of them live in your body.

Keep in Mind

Take good care of your body by keeping it clean at all times.

Challenge Yourself

Which should you use to clean your body parts? Draw a line to connect the body part to the appropriate cleaning tool.

1.

2.

3.

4.

13You and Your Body

Find Out

1. What are the three basic food groups?2. What are the examples of foods belonging to each group?

Lesson 4Eating Healthy Foods

Rita and her family are out on a picnic. Can you tell the foods that they have? All of these foods are healthy.

Food is one of the basic things you need.

You need healthy foods to make your body fit and strong. What is your favorite food? Do you eat healthy foods?

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There are three basic food groups.

The first basic food group is called “go” foods. Go foods give you energy for work and play. Bread, pasta, rice, and cake are examples of go foods. These foods are sweet and starchy. They are rich in carbohydrates.

What go foods do you usually eat?

Examples of go foods

Examples of grow foods

The second basic food group is called “grow” foods. Grow foods are rich in protein that helps you grow tall and makes your body grow bigger. Meat, fish, and chicken are examples of grow foods.

What grow foods did you eat for breakfast?

15You and Your Body

The foods that belong to the third basic food group are rich in vitamins and minerals. They are called “glow” foods. They include vegetables and fruits. They keep your eyes, hair, and skin healthy. They also keep your teeth and bones strong. Do you eat fruits and vegetables?

What are your favorite glow foods?

Go, grow, and glow foods are all important to a growing child like you. A healthy meal includes the right amount of food from all the food groups.

What food did you have for breakfast? What food groups are included in your meal?

Examples of glow foods

Explore

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Go, Grow, and Glow!Do the following with

your group mates.

1. Mold clay into the shape of your favorite foods.

2. Classify the foods you made. Are they go, grow, or glow foods?

If your favorite foods belong to the basic food groups, you will grow healthy.

Keep in Mind

Your body needs go, grow, and glow foods. These will help you grow strong and healthy.

Dear Parents,

Your child is learning about the foods he or she needs to become strong and healthy. As your child eats, tell him or her to identify the go, grow, and glow foods in his or her meal.

17You and Your Body

Challenge Yourself

Encircle ( ) the go foods. Check ( ) the grow foods. Box ( ) the glow foods.

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Find Out

Why do you need clean air and safe water?

After the picnic, Rita’s father showed her the whole park. “It is good to visit clean places like this. Here, you breathe in fresh air,” Rita’s father said.

As they passed by the bridge, they saw clean water flowing through the creek. “Just like the fish, we need clean and safe water, too,” explained Rita’s father.

Lesson 5Your Body Needs

Clean Air and Water

Clean air is important for you to live. You need clean air even when you are sleeping. Clean water is also important. You need clean water for you to stay healthy and strong.

Explore

19You and Your Body

Inhale, Exhale1. Inhale and then exhale.2. Close your mouth. Gently pinch your

nose for about 10 seconds. Have your seatmate count from 1 to 10 for you. Remove your hand from your nose.

3. Now, breathe deeper. Try to hold your breath for as long as you can.

What did you feel as you pinched your nose? For how many seconds do you think you can hold your breath? What would happen if you cannot breathe?

You breathe all the time. Air enters and leaves your body

through your nose. But you can also breathe through your mouth. You can breathe through your mouth when

you have a clogged nose. After doing a strenuous activity, you also use

your mouth to breathe out.

Have you seen swimmers hold their head up to the surface of water from time to time? They do that to get air. Swimmers use their nose and mouth to breathe air.

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Air that contains too much dirt can make you sick. Factories and vehicles give off smoke. Smoke contains dirt and other harmful materials that make the air dirty and not fit to breathe in.

Did you know that plants breathe, too? Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Carbon dioxide is the gas humans and animals give off. Oxygen is the gas humans and animals need to live. By absorbing carbon dioxide and giving off oxygen, plants help clean the air.

You can help maintain clean air by planting trees and caring for plants.

Like what Rita’s father said, you need safe water, too. All living things need water.

To stay healthy, you need to drink at least eight glasses of liquids every day. Examples of liquids

include water, juice, and soup. Always drink clean water. Dirty water is

not safe because it can make you sick.

21You and Your Body

You also need clean water to keep your body clean. You use water in taking a bath and in brushing your teeth. Water is also used in household chores such as washing dishes and clothes.

What other uses of water do you know?

Did you know that there is a device that can clean drinking water? It is called a water purifier. You usually see water purifiers at home, in school, and in restaurants. It separates dirt and other harmful materials from the water through a filter.

Clean and safe water is important to everyone. It should be used properly. It should not be wasted.

Visit http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/water/water/play_waterconserve.cfm. Click on any part of

the house to learn how to use water wisely around the house.

Check IT out!

Keep in Mind

You need clean air and safe drinking water.

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Challenge Yourself

Cross out ( ) the pictures that show dirty air or water.

23You and Your Body

Find Out

1. Why do you need clothes? 2. How do clothes protect you?

It was a warm Saturday morning. Erik went to Rita’s house to help her in her garden. Erik was wearing clothes for gardening. Rita had changed into her gardening clothes, too.

Rita and Erik both wear clothes that cover their arms and legs. These clothes protect them from insects and plants in the garden.

They also wear gloves to protect their hands. Gloves also keep their hands clean while they till the soil. Rita and Erik also wear hats to protect themselves from the glare and heat of the sun.

Clothes protect your body from heat and cold. There are clothes that keep your body cool. There are clothes that keep your body warm.

Clothes can also protect you from insect bites. They also keep your skin from rubbing against rough surfaces. They prevent cuts from sharp objects.

Lesson 6You Need Clothes

to Protect Your Body