smart city : innovative strategy for sustainable development

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An innova(ve strategy for sustainable development: Smart and Sustainable City Professor Isam SHAHROUR Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE) Université Lille1/Polytech’Lille Conference « Energy and Environmental ProtecBon » Hebron, October 2013

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Presentation by Isam Shahrour of the role of Smart Cities in the sustainable development. Conference IPEEC « Energy and Environmental Protection », Hebron, October 2013

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Page 1: Smart City : innovative strategy for sustainable development

 An  innova(ve  strategy  for  sustainable  development:  Smart  and  Sustainable  City    

Professor  Isam  SHAHROUR  Laboratoire  Génie  Civil  et  géo-­‐Environnement  (LGCgE)  

Université  Lille1/Polytech’Lille  

Conference  «  Energy  and  Environmental  ProtecBon  »  Hebron,  October  2013  

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Sustainability  :  major  Interna(onal  concerns  

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Reduc(on  of  the  greenhouse  gas  emission  requires:  -­‐  Improve  the  quality  of  construcBon  and  infrastructure  -­‐  Use  proper  technology  -­‐  Use  more  and  more  renewable  energy  

The  city  contributes  to  80%  of  the  greenhouse  gas  emission    

Huge  investment    ??  

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Could  the  Smart  City  contribute  to  raise  the  challenges  of  sustainability  in  the  City  (in  the  world)  ?  

City  Challenges  

ICT  

Informa(on  and  communica(on  technology  (ITC)  Revolu(on:  

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Q1  :  Why  the  city?    

Q3  :  How  “Smart  City”  can  contribute  to  build  the  sustainable  City  ?          

Q2  :  The  main  city  challenges?  

3  Ques(ons    

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Why  the  City  ?    

W.E.  Webb,  former  mayer  of  Denver,  Colorado:  •  The  19th  century  was  a  century  of  empires  •  The  20th  was  a  century  of  naBon  states  •  The  21st  century  will  be  a  century  of  ciBes  

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Concentra(on  in  large  ci(es  

Mexico,  23  millions  

Le  Caire,  16  Millions   PARIS,  12  millions  

15  Ci(es   >  15  Millions  

30  Ci(es   >  10  Millions  

75  Ci(es   >  5  Millions  

240  Ci(es   >  2  Millions  

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1950   2015  

World population increase

Rural  

Urban  

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The  City,  a  high  concentra(on  of  the:      

•  PopulaBon,  •  AcBvity  (industry,  services,…)  •  ConsumpBon  (75  %  of  the  electrical  Energy)  •  ProducBon  of  polluBon  (80%  of  CO2)    

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The  City:  transformaBon  system  

Input  Ø  Energy  Ø water  Ø  food  Ø  Raw  materials  Ø Manufactured  

goods  Ø  InformaBon  

Output  Ø Wastes  

Ø  Air  polluBon  Ø Water  polluBon  Ø  Greenhouse  gases  Ø  noise  Ø  brownfields  

Reduc(on  ??   Reduc(on  ??    Recycling  

Proper  technology  Op(mal  management  

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•  Water  (distribu(on  and  sewage)  •  Energy  (gas,  electricity,  district  hea(ng)  •  Telecommunica(ons,  

Urban  Networks:  the  vein  of  the  city  

•  Buried  (invisible,  ...)  •  Mixed  (old  and  new,  some  more  than  150  

years  old)  •  Huge  investment  and  opera(ng  costs  •   high  interdependence  

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Networks  in  Jakarta  were  designed    for  one  million    In  2011,  the  city  has  more  than  18  million  

Network  may  be  undersized:    

In  some  ciBes,  water  leakage    could  reach  40%  

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Water  network,  France  

About  900  000  km  of  pipes  Yearly  investment  (billion  $)  

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Q1  :  Why  the  city?    

Q3  :  How  “Smart  City”  could  contribute  to  build  the  sustainable  City  ?          

Q2  :  The  main  city  challenges?  

3  Ques(ons    

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Water  

Housing  

Energy  

Pollu(on  

City  Challenges  

Transporta(on  

Governance  

 Urban  challenges    

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Energy  challenges  High  consumpBon  (transport,  industry,  domesBc,  )      But  with  limited  resources  

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Energy  consump(on  (2005)  

(%)  

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Transport  

Industrie  

Buildings  

Tokyo  (2005)  

Mexico  (2006)  

London  (1999)  

Shanghai  (2007)  

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Energy  :  Security  (Black  out)    

Blackout:  •  Italy  2003,  55  Million  •  Indonesia  2005,  100  Million  

United  States,  2003    50  Million  people    24  hours  for  full  recovery  

Economic  Cost  :    $6  to  $10  billion  

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Consom

maB

on  journalière    

Electrical  Network  :  reduce  the  peak  consumpBon    

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Air  pollu(on  in  Europe  :  Cost  up  to  €  170  billion  in  2009  

Impact  on  the  environment  :    Co2,  Climate  change,  global  Warming  

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Access  to  drinking  water  :  

Water  Quality  ?  

Water  Chalenges  

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Water  leakage  :  20%  of  the  water  supply    in  some  ci(es  about  40%    

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Water  Sewage      

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Par(cipatory  governance  challenges  

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Q1  :  Why  the  city?    

Q3  :  How  “Smart  City”  could  contribute  to  build  the  sustainable  City  ?          

Q2  :  The  main  city  challenges?  

3  Ques(ons    

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Smart  City  Concept  

•  Smart monotoring •  Communication •  Data storage and processing

Smart  sensors  

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Smart  city  allows  •  Real-time monitoring (see the invisible network) •  Rapid action in the case of an abnormal event

(leakage, contamination, overload,..) •  Optimal management of resources •  Develop predictive models

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Smart  Energy  system,  op(mal    management  

Produc(on  

Storage   Smart  Grid    

Energy  Consump(on  

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Smart  water  system:  •  Leakage  detec(on  •  Contamina(on  detec(on  (health,  ...)  •  Pipes  localiza(on    •  Evolu(on  of  physical  and  mechanical  

proper(es  (deforma(on,  corrosion,  biofilm,  .....)  

•  Op(miza(on  of  the  energy  consump(on  

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Rio  :  Smart  system  to  prevent  landslides  disaster  

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Stockholm  :  Traffic  Conges(on  

City  traffic  decrease  by  18%  CO2  emission  decrease  14-­‐18  %  

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Smart  City  Implementa(on  

 Objec(ves  

 Diagnos(c  

•  Actors  –  Governing  •  DiagnosBc  of  infrastructures  •  Data  collecBon    (system  operaBng  data,…)  •  Funding,  economic  model    

Needs  •  Governing  •  Monitoring  •  Sonware  (data  processing,  supervision,  learning  

machine,  opBmizaBon,..)  

ImplementaBon  calendar  :  Stage  N  (N  =1,  M)  

•  Monitoring  •  Sonware  (data  processing,  supervision,  learning  

machine,  opBmizaBon,  •  ValidaBon,  preliminary    ExploitaBon  

Smart  System  Exploita(on  

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Presenta(on  of  SunRise  Project    :  Smart  Urban  Network  Demonstrator  for  Sustainable  city    

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I)  Methodology  –  History      CreaBon  of  an  academic,  professional  and  local  government  partnership  :  researches  and  innovaBon  on  «  Sustainable  City  »  

1)  Interna(onal  Chair  posi(on  supported  by  the  Region  (2008  –  2011),  followed  by  an  industrial  chair  posiBon    (Eaux  du  Nord  /Suez)  

2)  Three  interna(onal  workshops  (2010,  2011,  2012)  with  academic,  professional  and  local  authori(es  «InnovaBon  –  sustainable  urban  infrastructures  »  

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 1)  The  opBmal  management  of  urban  networks  consBtutes  a  major  challenge  for  sustainable  ciBes:  •  Natural  Resources  saving  (energy,  water,  ..)  •  Safety,  public  health,  ..  •  AsracBveness  and  economic  development  •  RaBonalizaBon  of  investments  in  urban  infrastructures  

Conclusions  and  recommenda(ons:  

2)  The  "smart  city"    concept  is  per(nent  Technology  reached  a  level  of  maturity  to  deal    with  the  city  challenges  

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Need  of    «Smart  City  »  demonstrators  at  per(nent  scale  to  check  :  •  The  governance  (operators,  authori(es,  users,  ..)  •  The  integra(on  of  'heterogeneous'  technology  and  services  •  The  per(nence  of    technological  and  non-­‐technological  innova(ons  •  The  networks  interdependence  (water,  electrical,  district  hea(ng,  gas,  ...)  •  The  economic  model  

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Small  town:  •  110  Hectares  •  23  000  users  •  70  km  of  Urban  Network    •  140  Buildings    (300  000  m2  )    

II:  Presenta(on  Scien(fic  Campus  (Lille1  University)    

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C1  –  Chimie  Enseignement    (1966)  

Polytech’Lille  Ens.  &  Rech.    (2000)  

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Data  collec(on  :  3D  graphic  model    (network  and  buildings)  

70  km  of  networks  •  Water  •  District  Hea(ng  •  Gas    •  Electrical  (  HV,  LV)  •  Public  light  

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InnovaBon  centers    •  Pole  Ubiquitaire  §  CITC  –EURARFID  §  PRN  §  Image,…  

Local  authority:  •  AMGVF    •  LMCU,    •  Region,    

InternaBonal:  •  W-­‐Smart    •  Unites  states  (NYU)    •  Netherland  (KWR,  

Vitens)  •  Great  Britain    •  Spain  

SunRise  

Operators  :    •  Eaux  du  Nord  (Suez  Environnement)  •  Eau  de  Paris  •  Dalkia  •  IBM  •  Lille  Métropole  Habitat  (LMH)  

Starts-­‐up:    stereograph,  Nooliqc,  Madetech,  Effigenie,  E(neo,  Calm-­‐water  

Research  laboratories  (IT,  Civil  Eng.  Economy,  InstrumentaBon,…)  

EducaBon  programs:      Master  degree  in  urban  Engineering,  Smart  Gird,  Creacity,..  

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Water  

-­‐  Leakage  -­‐  Quality  -­‐  Water/Energy  

•  Commun  Laboratory  (CEA,  W-­‐Smart,  KWR)  

•  Industrial  Chair    •  European  Project:  

SmartWater4Europe  (GB,  Netherland,  Spain)  

•  2  major  projects  :  Paris  Water,  North  Water,  W-­‐Smart,  CEA,  KWR,…  

Energy  

-­‐  Op(mal  management  -­‐  Security    -­‐  Renewable  Energy  

•  Dalkia  :  District  hea(ng  •   LMH  :  Social  housing  •  Eiffage  :  Electrical  Grid  

Informa(on  system  and  sovware  tools  

Start-­‐Ups  :  Stereograph,  Nooliqc,  Madetech,  Effigenie,  E(neo,    Calm-­‐water  

Smart  Urban  networks  Demonstrator    (SunRise)  

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SunRise  –  Energy  

•  Analysis  of  the  energy  system  of  the  campus  :  consumpBon,  resources  and  distribuBon.  

•  Building  consumpBon  profile  •  AdaptaBon  of  energy  producBon  to  energy  demand    •  IntegraBon  of  mulB-­‐energy  sources    

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Smart Grid – District heating (20 km)

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Distric  Hea(ng  network    

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Building  P1  

Real  Time  monotoring  :    Energy  heat  consump(on  

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43  %  

61  %  

EUDIL  G  

C1,  C3  ,C4  

IUT  

M1  

SN1,2,3  P5  

P1  +  cul  

EUDIL  G  

IUT  

M1  

P1  

P5   C1  

SN  

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External  Temperature  (°)    

Energy  Consump(on  

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Building    C1  

Sector  control  according  to  the  use  and  internal  parameters    

Control  at  the  Hea(ng  Exchange  sta(on  

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SunRise  -­‐  Water  

-­‐  Leakage  -­‐  Water  quality  –  Health  impact  

Partnership •   Eaux  du  Nord,  Eaux  de  Paris,  CEA-­‐List    •  W-­‐Smart,    •  KWR,  Vitens,  Acciona,  Thames,  Calwater  (Calm-­‐  Energie)

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2013  :  European  Project  (FP7)  SmartWater4Europe    4  demonstrators    En  Europe  (10  M  €  )  

4  European  demonstrators  (Smart  Water  network)    •  Leakage  •  Quality  •  Water  –  Energy  •  End-­‐users  

 

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Drinking  water  network  –  16  m  About  50  years  old  

Meshed  network    16  km  77  ARM  145  Buildings  

Linear  loss  index  (m3/J/Km)  •  2011:    12.7    •  2012  :  8.12  

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I)  Water  Consump(on  Analysis  The  Water  network  :  geometry  and  supply  

!Cité!Scien*fique!(5)!!!

4!Cantons!

ECL!!

M5!

Bachelard!

Meshed  network    16  km  77  ARM  145  Buildings  

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Analysis  of  the  water  Consump(on  by  sector  

!

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(I)  Working  Days  

Daily    C7  Building  Consump(on:      

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Hourly  C7  consump(on:      

Registerd  data   Simplified  modeling  

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Work  under  progress  :    1)  Monitoring    

•    Water  :  flow,  pressure,  quality,  flow  and  pressure  controllers  •    HeaBng  :  Internal  parameters  (Temperature,  humidity,  air  

quality,..),  controllers    2)  Sovware  development:    

•  data  processing,  supervision,  •   learning  machine,  opBmizaBon,…    

3)  ValidaBon,  exploitaBon          

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The  concept  of  “smart  city”  offers  great  opportuniBes:  •  Recent,  with  low  experience  feedback  •  MulBdisciplinary,  mulB  actors  •  Need  of  pilot  projects  to  develop  “collec(ve”  experience  

Conclusion  

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Thank  you