A Presentation on “SMALL SATELLITE”

(microsat, nanosat & picosat)

By:ASHISH KUMAR SINGHM.Tech. (IIIRD Semester)Roll No.:07(CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD)

Satellite A satellite is a station in space that is

used for telecommunication, radio , television signals and several other purposes.

Most of the satellite have a transponder. Satellite is broadly classified in two

category:• Passive Satellite• Active SatelliteAnd active satellite further classified as • Non-GEO Satellite (in LEO,MEO etc.)• GEO Satellite (in Geo Stationary orbit)

History of Satellites :

In 2011 ISRO launched First Indian nano satellite with the help of IIT Kanpur named as JUGNU.

Recently ( 5th Nov.2013) India has launched a Satellite for Mars Mission named as Mangalyaan Mission.

The first geostationary communication satellite was -SYNCOM 3(19 Aug 1963).

Father of geostationary communication satellite is

-HAROLD ROSEN (Aircraft engineer)

The world's first artificial satellite is the SPUTNIK-I

was launched in 1957 by RUSSIA ,But first active satellite was launched in 1962 named as TELSAT. India have launches 72 (as of 5 November 2013)

satellites up to till now but First satellite that was launched and used for communication purpose in INDIA was -ARYABHATTA (19 April 1975)

SPURNIK-I

Parts of Satellite

Kepler’s Law for satellite

• 1st Law:The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.“

• 2nd Law:A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.“

• 3rd Law: The square of orbital period (T) of the planet is directly proportional to the cube root of semi major axis (D) of the orbit.

T2=aD3

GEO

SunEarth

How Satellites Work :

A Earth Station sends message in the form of signal in GHz range (Uplink).

Satellite Receive the signal and after processing by transponder, it retransmit signals back. (Downlink).

4 GHz 6 GHz

Ground Segment• The ground segment consists of

– Earth Stations

– User terminals & interfaces

– Network control centre

– Transmit equipment.

– Receive equipment.

– Antenna system.

Satellite Frequency Bands :

• Most of the satellites works in Super high frequency range but with different frequency bands.

• L–Band: 1 to 2 GHz, • S-Band: 2 to 4 GHz• C-Band: 4 to 8 GHz• X-Band: 8 to 13 GHz• Ku-Band: 12 to 18 GHz• K-Band: 18 to 28 GHz• Ka-Band: 28 to 40 GHz

…………Now

The Small Satellite(micro,nano & picosat)

Small Satellite(An introduction)

Small Satellite (also known as nano-satellites )are the new-age satellites prepared for specific purposes.

The weight of small satellite is less than 100 kg and have smaller electronic components.

It is working towards cost-effective future space missions. Over the last 50 years, more than 860 microsatellites (10–

100 kg), 680 nano-satellites (1–10 kg), and 38 pico-satellites (0.1–1 kg) have been launched worldwide.

Small satellites are being used to record data on the terrestrial and space environment near the moon and Earth, and demonstrated various telecommunications systems that we enjoy today. .

There are several small satellite which makes a revolution in satellite industry of India like JUGNU, SRMSAT, YOUTHSAT, STUDSAT,ANUSAT,HAMSAT etc.

Continue…….. Dr. D Raghava Murthy, project director, small satellites

projects, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore STUDSAT is a Indian small satellite weighed just 1 kg, and has

a camera which can take pictures of the earth from space, helping in weather prediction.

Other institutes have got in the act as well. A 3.5-kg satellite called Pradhan is being built by students of IIT-Mumbai.

In Vellore Institute of Technology University (VITU), Vellore, the students have just designed the TubeSat, which is a pico-satellite, weighing less than 1 kg.

For space exploration, small satellites can provide an efficient and economical means to identify regions of interest before sending larger space systems with more instrumentation.

About JUGNU

In 2010 the student of IIT Kanpur develop first nano-satellite of the India and given a name JUGNU, which later launched in October ,2011 by ISRO with PSLV-18 from Shri Harikota.

Jugnu is 1 foot long, 10 cm wide and will weigh less than 3 kg.

It is equipped with near IR(Infra Red) camera and will transmit images to a base station at the IITK campus.

'Jugnu’ was the cheapest price satellite at that time.

JUGNU

Details of All small Satellites Launched by India

Jugnu 12.10.2011 PSLV-C18Experimental /Small Satellite

SRMSat-1 12.10.2011 PSLV-C18Experimental /Small Satellite

YOUTHSAT 20.04.2011 PSLV-C16Experimental /Small Satellite

STUDSAT 12.07.2010 PSLV-C15Experimental /Small Satellite

ANUSAT 20.04.2009 PSLV-C12Experimental /Small Satellite

SRE – 1 10.01.2007 PSLV-C7Experimental /Small Satellite

HAMSAT 05.05.2005 PSLV-C6Experimental /Small Satellite

Rohini (RS-1) 18.07.1980 SLV-3Experimental /Small Satellite

RohiniTechnology Payload (RTP) 10.08.1979 SLV-3

Experimental /Small Satellite

Aryabhata 19.04.1975C-1 Intercosmos

Experimental /Small Satellite

Continue (Recent launching)…….

SARAL 25 February 2013 PSLV-C20 SARAL is a joint Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic studies.

Jugnu 12 October 2011 PSLV-C18 Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg developed by IIT Kanpur

SRMSAT-2 26 April 2012 PSLV-C19 Nano-satellite weighing 10.9 kg developed by SRM University.

IRNSS-1A 1 July 2013 PSLV-C22IRNSS-1A is the first satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)

5 November 2013 PSLV-XL-C25The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is India's first Mars orbiter.

Mission profile for a group of small satellite

Small Satellite Simulation Data

Some actual Small Satellite

Basic Component of small satellite

Future PlanningForthcoming

Satellites

GSAT-6 & 6A

GSAT-6 is a high power S-band communication satellite that will be co-located with GSAT-12, INSAT-4A and GSAT-10 at 83ºE.The satellite is configured around I-2K bus with a lift-off mass of 2200 kg. It is configured with CxS and SxC transponders. This satellite will also provide a platform for developing technologies such as demonstration of large unfurlable antenna in satellites, handheld ground terminals and network management techniques that could be useful in future satellite based mobile communication applications.

GSAT-9GSAT-9 satellite is configured with 12 Ku-band transponders and to be positioned at 48ºE. The satellite is configured with 2000 Kg class (I-2K) bus with a power handling capability of around 2.8 KW and a lift-off mass of 2350 kg. Configuration of the satellite system has been finalised and realization is in progress.

GSAT-11

GSAT-11 is an advanced communication satellite employing a 4000 Kg–6000 Kg class bus and is proposed to carry 32 Ku band user beams with corresponding gateway links operating in Ka band. The satellite will have power handling capability of around 10 KW. Spacecraft level Preliminary Design Review (PDR) has been completed and System level interfaces are _inalized. Activities for the development of structural and subsystem-qualification models are in progress.

GSAT-14GSAT-14 satellite with 6 Extended C band and 6 Ku band transponders is envisaged to enhance communication transponder capacity. The satellite employs the standard 2000 Kg class bus (I–2K) with a power handling capability of around 2.5 KW and a lift-off mass of 1980 kg. The spacecraft will be launched onboard GSLV-D5.

GSAT-15GSAT-15 is a communication satellite planned to be positioned at 93.5ºE with a lift-off mass of about 3100kg and 6.8 KW power generation capacity. It is expected to function with a mission life of more than 12 years. The satellite will carry 18 Ku Band operational transponders and two channel GAGAN payload. GSAT-15 is planned to be launched onboard a procured launcher.

GSAT-16GSAT-16 is a communication satellite planned to be positioned at 55ºE with a lift-off mass of about 3100 kg and 6.8 KW power generation capacity. It is expected to function with a mission life of more than 12 years. The satellite will carry 12 Ku, 24 C and 12 Extended C-band transponders. GSAT-16 is planned to be launched onboard a procured launcher.

Advantage Smaller: So the cost of satellite and its handling is low.

Easy launching: Due to less weight ,several small satellite can be launch

with single vehicle.

Small satellite allowing non-spacefaring nations, corporations,

educational institutions, and even individuals low-cost access to space.

Self dependency: Every nation can develop such satellite and can

perform their own task self.

Versatile: it can be used in various useful field like weather

measurement, coverage of area etc.

FAST: Due to less complexity the small satellite networks can be set up

quickly, companies can be fast-to-market with new services.

Continue………..

Expandable

High Quality Transmission and reception

Mobile and Emergency Communication

Suitable for both Digital and Analog Transmission

Small Satellite can be used for broadcast purpose ( one to many) within the

particular coverage area.

These Satellites are capable of handling very high bandwidth.

It is possible to provide a moderate coverage using small satellite

Satellite can provide signal to terrestrial uncovered pockets like valleys and

mountainous regions of any country.

DisadvantagesSingle unit Launching of small satellites into orbit is

costly.The coverage is not much wide.Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up.Due to less power ,noise interference in satellite

communication may occur.Very difficult to repair and maintain in the space.

Application

SAT-PHONE INTERNET GPS Radio Broadcast Fixed Service

Satellite(FSS) Direct Broadcast

Satellite Military

References

• “Electronics For You” magazine, November 13 adition• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_satellie• Digital satellite communication by Tri T Ha.• Satellite communications by Timothy Pratt, Charles bostian & Jeremy Allnut• Google image (www.google.com/image)• www.iitk.org• www.ieee.org• www.youtube.com• www.ask.com• Geostationary Satellite(Author- Louis E. Frenzel) (Edition- Third) (Publication- Tata McGraw-Hill)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND CO-OPERATION