Republic of Slovenia

Ministry for science, higher education and technology

Metrology Institute of the Republic of Slovenia

Laboratory for Information Technology in Metrology

Slovenia: facts about speed enforcement + why software is

important Roman Flegar, M.Sc.

Agenda

• Facts about Slovenia

• Facts about speed enforcement in Slovenia

• Role of the software in speed enforcement

• Conclusions

Facts about Slovenia

• Independant country from 1991

• 2 mio of inhabitants, less than smaller city

BUT, we have:

• 3 manufacturers of speed measurment systems

• 20 active type approvals

• 300 active speed eneforcement systems

History of speed enforcement

• late 1970 first speed enforcement

• 1985 first regulation of speed enforcement in Yugoslavia [doppler systems only]

• 1991 idependence of Slovenia

• 2002 first legislation in Slovenia based on old Yugoslav and German legislation

• upto 2008 we have lived in „Dark Ages“ ...

Why dark ages ...

• No general knowledge about the technology

• No reference equipment

• No testing procedures

• No experience at all

• Responsibility for veri

• 5 year plan to re-establish a complete system

Our goals were

• Speed enforcement systems as part of legal metrology

• Circle of trust: – Type approval

– Initial verification

– Subsequent verification

– Inspection

• Traceability of reference measurment equipment

• MIRS is recognised also by court

Our laboratories ...

• Accreditated laboratory according to ISO 17020:2004 to support type approval and verification: – inspection in the field of doppler, LIDAR and mobile

point-to-point speed measurement systems – preparing to expand to: detection point systems, fixed

point-to-point systems and doppler based on FMCW/PSK

• Accreditated laboratory according to ISO 17025:2005: – to do software examination at type approval

In field testing ...

• Speacial care for field testing:

– Road

– Airfield [safety]

• Built own reference systems:

– Laser barriers [precission 0,1 km/h]

– Reference speed car [precission 0,1 km/h]

– Reference straight road for distance and calibration of reference car [accurancy 10 cm]

Field tests 1st

• Granted access to military airfield Cerklje

• Major tests are now done at airfield.

Laser barriers

• Type approval examinations

• Precision up to 0,1 km/h

• Automated system with external camera

t3

t2

t1

d1

d2

Field test 2nd

• Reference car

• Used for examining:

– Doppler

– Detection

– LIDAR

Reference car

• Two sources of speed and distance: – Racelogic VBOX 3i

– Internal distance generator

• Internal distance generator is calibrated with reference road.

• LCD projection of the speed on the front or rear windshield

vvbox

vimpulse

Reference road

• 1000 meters distance in straight line

• Reference road was measured by:

– Tape measurment

– Theodolith

• Calibration of reference car

• START/STOP laser traps

LIDAR laboratory equipment

• 904 nm LIDARs without scanning principle

• based on LSMS from LTI inc.

• developed own collimator (to be replaced soon)

Doppler laboratory equipment

• Support for K in Ka band doppler systems

• Spectrum analyzer

• Frekquency counter

• Automated antenna rotator

• K and Ka band doppler simulator

• Preparing for upgrade of equipment for FMCW/PSK

Future of the speed enforcement in RS

• Equip laboratory for FMCW/PSK systems

• Introduction of point-to-point systems

• New legislation for speed enforcement systems to cover all technical possibilities

• IMPORTANT: no time to wait for new OIML R91, we will adopt later our legislation

WHY IS SOFTWARE TESTING IMPORTANT

Software testing

Software

• Measurement instrument can be built on several different principles

• All principles are functional equal

• All questions and reconsiderations are equal

Role of the software

• Software has significant role in speed enforcement:

1. Control

2. Reading/measurment

3. Computation

4. Storage

5. Display

6. Transfer

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

Hardware/Software

Development

Origin of the case

• Network of speed measurment instruments on high way.

• Remote access

• Court and public questions regarding the system

MI

Computer Comm.

Interface

Offence

Records

Offence

Records

Case study

Offence

Internet

HAKOM

Governament network

HighWay

Road

network

Celural phone

network

S

S

S

S

D

Offence

Records

Offence

Records

Complex measurement system

• Several source points

• Remote destination points

• Relay points

• Different communication means between points

S S S S

R

R

R

D

R

RS232 LAN

Internet

Private network GSM network

Question

• Main question: Can we trust to distributed results?

• Several possible risks: – Authenticity

– Completeness

– Correctness

– Fraud

• Answer: Monitor a complete path

S F

R

D

R

Message – packet of information

• File - packet are first store localy and then transferred between points

• Each file - packet consist from several different information

R R

info [source]

info [dest]

measured values

control data

signatures

...

...

Inside the packet I.

• “Nice packet”, what we were looking for ...

Inside the packet II.

• “Ugly packet”, what we really found

Suspicious values inside the packet

Alghorithem for

storing bit images

Photo of offence?

Clear name of

manufacturer

Car speed

Direction

Time and date

of offence

The result of a „possible“ fraud

• 5 minutes to break into a packet

• Simple common text/hex editor tool

Offence

record

Header

HEX

Edit

CONCLUSIONS ...

Conclusion

• Software has important role in speed enforcement

• The main question is, where do we have to stop with software testing:

A. Where the result is displayed

B. Where the result is stored

C. Where the result is transmitted

D. Where the result is accepted with back office

THANK YOU Q&A and conclusions